XISU English Writing英语写作培训材料汇总

XISU English Writing 1 Syllabus for Basic English Writing COURSE DESCRIPTION English Composition I fulfills one third of the English Composition Requirement for the University of Cincinnati General Education program It contributes to your developing competency in Effective Communication and Critical Thinking This first course in the first year writing sequence is designed to provide the basis for your continuing development as a writer throughout the year and in subsequent academic courses The writing we will do will help you understand how best to approach a variety of writing situations and to develop an understanding of yourselves as writers In this course we will approach writing in the spirit of inquiry seeing each writing task as an opportunity to explore questions about content as well as about audience and purpose To emphasize the social nature of writing and reading we will engage in dialogue with each other and with the various texts we read allowing the various perspectives and viewpoints to increase our understanding We will also engage in reflective activities so that you may better understand your own reading writing and thinking processes Required Text Ramage John D John C Bean and June Johnson The Allyn 1 II Reflective journals class activities and attendance 15 of class grade Breakdown of the grade 1 Reflective journals 10 2 Class activities and attendance 5 Weekly Schedule Week One M 3 29Introduction to the course syllabus expectations and Letter of Introduction assignment W 3 31Assignment Complete Letter of Introduction Read A playing the believing and doubting game Peer response of posing a good subject matter problem XISU English Writing 9 Week Two M 4 5Assignment Read A Complete Observation Class Analysis of descriptions F 4 9 Assignment Complete draft of two descriptions and analysis for peer response Class Peer response of two descriptions and self reflection Week Three M 4 12 Assignment Prepare presentation draft of two descriptions and analysis due Read A analyzing ads W 4 21Assignment Work on Ad Analysis Read A Read A shaping and drafting Week Six M 5 3Assignment Prepare draft of Summary and Strong Response for peer response Class Peer Response W 5 5 Assignment Prepare presentation draft of Summary and Strong Response Read A 2 In you journal a respond to the stories b record your difficulties in understanding them preparing at least three interpretive questions that you would like to be answered in class and C write a passage about your understanding of the author Leslie Silko by synthesizing the two stories Week 2 Discussion of the assigned readings Starting with students responses likes dislikes and reasons Answering students interpretive questions Analyzing the setting characters conflicts irony symbols and themes Sharing synthesis journal entries comments Assignment 1 Read An Interview with Leslie Marmon Silko Language and Literature from a Pueblo Indian Perspective and Story Telling The Fiction of Leslie Silko 2 Blend these essays into your knowledge of Silko and write in your XISU English Writing 14 journal how they change or add to your understanding of her Week 3 Discussion of the assigned readings and your new understanding of Silko What does each essay say How well does it say it them What does it add to your knowledge of the author Does it change your understanding of the stories How do the contexts help with your meaning making process of the texts Assignment 1 Read A Feminist Reading of Storyteller Grandmother Spider s Web The Telling Which Continues Oral Tradition and the Written Word in Leslie Marmon Silko s Storyteller and The Web of Meaning Naming the Absent Mother in Storyteller 2 Use your synthesizing skill work these essays into your knowledge of Leslie Silko and her Storyteller and write two possible research topics on the story in your journal Week 4 Discussion of the assigned readings What does each essay say about Storyteller Do you agree with the critic s interpretations of story Is there anything that you disagree with What social and ethical issues does the story address How would you summarize Silko s view on the relationship between man and nature And that between men and women between the white and the natives Comments on students possible research topics Assignment 1 Read Sun Steals Yellow Woman and Whirlwind Man Steals Yellow Woman 2 Find on the Internet or in the library about Ka tsina Spirit 3 Write on your journal how the two essays and your knowledge about the Ka tsina Spirit help you understand Yellow Woman 4 Use your synthesizing skills and work out two possible research topics on the story Week 5 Discussion of readings How does the story of Ka tsina Spirit help with your understanding of Yellow Woman What does each of the two assigned readings say about Yellow Woman XISU English Writing 15 Compare and contrast the two readings with Silko s Yellow Woman Did you see any connections among them Comments on Silko s narratives in relation to the oral tradition of her tribe Comments on students research topics Assignment 1 Finalize your research topic 2 Complete your prewriting worksheet 3 Complete your peer review draft Week 6 Peer review of Paper 4 Peer review Worksheet Assignment Complete Presentation draft of Paper 4 Writing Assignment 4 Texts and Contexts For this assignment you will read two short stories written by Leslie Marmon Silko and choose to write about one of them As you read you are supposed to analyze the setting characters conflicts point of view irony symbolism and theme of the stories You will also read secondary sources to familiarize yourself with the discourse community that has been formed around Silko Unlike Assignment 3 which asked you to address any interpretive question this one requires that you raise a research question that has not been answered by previous critics Imagine all the critics of Silko and her works are having a party You come in late and are about to join the conversation You do not want to say what they have already talked about because it would be embarrassing if other guests excused themselves from you to talk to someone with a new topic Then how do you choose a topic that will interest your audience You need to first of all learn what they have been talking about that is to read what have been written the published essays on Silko and her works and then come up with some new ideas But how am I supposed to do that you may ask Don t worry For this assignment you will learn a new trick synthesizing to help you do just that producing new ideas Once you have a research topic you determine a thesis and find reasons for them gather evidence from the story and secondary sources to support your reasons and organize these reasons and supporting evidence in a logical way Keep in mind that your essay is argumentative in nature and your purpose is to convince your readers of your claims Your essay should be 6 8 pages long double spaced using 12 pt font and typeface Times New Roman Use MLA documentation style XISU English Writing 16 Texts Storyteller Yellow Woman Contexts 1 An Interview with Leslie Marmon Silko 2 Language and Literature from a Pueblo Indian Perspective 3 Story Telling The Fiction of Leslie Silko 4 A Feminist Reading of Storyteller Grandmother Spider s Web 5 The Telling Which Continues Oral Tradition and the Written Word in Leslie Marmon Silko s Storyteller 6 The Web of Meaning Naming the Absent Mother in Storyteller 7 Sun Steals Yellow Woman 8 Whirlwind Man Steals Yellow Woman Happiness is doing with a smile what you have to do anyway Thinking and Writing by Synthesizing Thinking by Synthesizing Like the other thinking strategies we discussed synthesizing occurs naturally in everyday circumstances You might for example have seen several movies starring a particular artist say Meryl Streep or Tom Hanks Each movie has its own plot and theme and in each the actor takes on a unique character However after having watched the same actor perform in a variety of roles you begin to form a unified idea of the style and talent of the performer Your mind has synthesized the aspects into a whole mental picture Likewise perhaps you investigated several colleges or universities before determining which one you would attend Each campus manifested its own style and atmosphere but after looking at many you formed a mental image of what colleges are In your literature class you might have been asked to read several short stories by a single author and create a portrait of his or her themes and style What Is Synthesizing To help you gain a more complete understanding of the word synthesis you might consider the meanings of a couple of familiar everyday terms that are derived from the same root word suntithenai Greek for to put together As you probably know in manufacturing a synthetic material is one that does not appear in nature but is an amalgam of various fibers and chemicals which results in an entirely new kind of material Another related word synthesizer refers to a musical instrument that combines electronic circuitry to create sounds that cannot be made by other XISU English Writing 17 instruments or sounds that duplicate the sounds of other instruments These examples are analogous to the cognitive process of synthesis Synthesis occurs when two or more things are combined to create something new whether it be a new idea a new fabric or a new sound Writing by Synthesizing Synthesis is an important thinking and writing strategy to learn because it is the basis for writing papers that incorporate more than one outside source When you write research papers for example you may need to use information from several books periodicals interviews and surveys You will synthesize the information you find in these or other sources into one whole project with a single theme or focus Each time you integrate information from two or more sources to arrive at your own conclusion you are synthesizing Design in Synthesizing Like other thinking and writing strategies synthesizing is a natural mental activity However when you try to write down your synthesized ideas you sometimes discover it is difficult to be orderly But orderly you must be to help your readers understand how all the many pieces of information relate to each other When you synthesize you may have to resist the urge to simply summarize a source and go to the next and summarize again Your job as a writer is to help your reader to see the connections that came to your mind as you studied the material Readers will usually not see the connection without your help because they have not read or thought as much as you have about the subject If you are writing to teachers part of your job as writer is to convince them that you understand the connections so you must state them Your job is to bring order out of what may seem like a chaos of material One effective way to be sure you do so is to step back from your material and try to get an overall idea a main point that struck you as tying the various material together a main point that you want to share with your reader Write this in a working thesis statement and determine several minor ideas that could support such a thesis Organize your writing around those minor points and weave elements from your various sources into paragraphs or blocks of text under each of those minor points A sketchy design of your paper might look like this I Thesis II Point or Reason 1 A Summarized paraphrased or quoted material in support of the reason from one or more sources B Your discussion of the material III Point or Reason 2 A Summarized paraphrased or quoted material in support of the reason from one or more sources B Your discussion of the material XISU English Writing 18 IV Point or Reason 3 A Summarized paraphrased or quoted material in support of the reason from one or more sources B Your discussion of the material V Point or Reason 4 A Summarized paraphrased or quoted material in support of the reason from one or more sources B Your discussion of the material VI and so on VII Conclusion As you write remember that your goal is to help your readers understand and become interested in your ideas without confusing or boring them Therefore you should probably keep your direct quotes to a minimum A good rule of thumb is to quote only those phrases that are so well said by the original author that your summary or paraphrase of them would not do the ideas justice Practice in Thinking by Synthesizing Let s look at the synthesizing processes of Tirzah a student in a world religions class as she studies the creation myths of several cultures Tirzah s teacher has assigned students simply to read accounts of the origin of the universe from several cultures and write a paper on them The assignment seemed straightforward enough until Tirzah began reading The accounts seemed so different that she wondered what she could possibly do besides summarize each one in turn She reread each one carefully beginning with the account with which she was most familiar the Bible s story of the Creation This time as she read she took notes She was looking for connections trying to find something about each of the accounts that seemed similar to the others something she could write about At the same time she didn t want to be too hasty in finding the creation myths too much alike She might like to write her paper about how different they were so she made notes of the unique features of each too Some of her notes looked like this GENESIS In the beginning heaven and earth without form Spirit moved on waters God spoke light appeared Light and dark divided Each day a different creation by God s command Man and woman made in God s image God said his creations were very good Winnebago Indians of Connecticut Father came to consciousness His tears became the waters XISU English Writing 19 What he thought of and wished for happened Took a piece of earth and make something like himself Breathed life into it Polynesia Noncreated creator in the immemorial Sky was like a broken shell All was dark endless space Maidu Indians of California All was dark and only water A raft with turtle Three beings turtle earth initiate face covered was never seen and Father of the secret society A rope came from nowhere and let down earth initiate Turtle dove to get some earth to create man Father of the secret society shouted loudly whenever earth initiate made something They answered it is good Coyote became a liar Africa Bumba alone In pain vomited up the sun moon animals man like Bumba Beasts created more Like evolution Tsetse troublemaker lightning Command to behold creations belong to the people Japan Heaven and earth together Chaos the mass of an egg clear heaven heavier earth Brine dripping from the God s spear makes an island Beings descended they procreate land Two beings going around a pillar speak and create people The woman speaks first and the 1st born is bad creation Zoroastrian 2 primal spirits created time because lord eager for increase Must curtail destructive spirit Greek Chaos void Eros desire love XISU English Writing 20 Chronus oldest child hated tricked father Rebellion of children Egyptian Lord of all alone by himself Planned in heart Spat out beings Men came form his tears Hindu Nothing was not Darkness water One being arose born of power of heat born of mind and desire Which is is kin to which is not Whence all creation He may be does not know Modern day science Big Bang Theory One dust particle all matter Infinitely hot place in space exploded Increased in size particles created from energy Sun life of from gas condensed great quantities spewed Earth bare cold no oceans or atmosphere Organic soup developed system first cell All the time that Tirzah was reading and taking notes she was making connetions mentally She noticed that most of the accounts had some being who created the others She noticed that most started by telling that from nothing came something As she read Tirzah held in her mind some elements hoping to find something that matched For instance when she read in the Winnebago account that the Coyote was a liar she remembered the liar Satan from her own religious teachings She soon found a trouble maker in the African Tsetse a deceiver in the oldest son of the Greek Chronus and the Destructive Spirit of the Zoroasters Tirzah made a list of some of the common elements from the accounts that she thought she might use in her paper Body parts of God Spit vomit tears become beings Fire From nothing or chaos something People created Light created Time created XISU English Writing 21 Family women children roles Evil trickster liar One being who sometimes cannot be seen Earth and heaven must be divided Eggs Water an important beginning element Tirzah thought about her list of elements and tried to think of an overall principle that united them a principle that she could use for the main idea or thesis for her paper She began to freewrite There are a lot of similarities in the myths Most of them starts with dark emptiness or water but suddenly there is somebody creating something either out of their own body parts spitting it out or forming people out of the earth or egg like thing I m not sure what to make of it all But it seems to me that all the myths try to explain something that no one really knows because no one was there Even today s scientific explanation can t come up with what was there before the small particle of matter and energy or where it came from Some of the myths say that heaven and earth had to be separated before the animals and finally humans were created Modern science says the same thing through evolution It s interesting too that most of them talk metaphorically or symbolically about these things I don t think any culture would really say a turtle created the earth or that the heavens came from the white of an egg Even the account of the big bang says something about the sun coming aliv