代词 高一英语

1 代词代词 代词的分类 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 指示代词 相互代词 疑 问代词 连接代词 关系代词和不定代词不定代词共九类 主 格 Iyouhesheitweyouthey 人 称 代 词 宾 格 meyouhimheritusyouthem 形 容 词 性 myyourhisheritsouryourtheir 物 主 代 词 名 词 性 mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs 反 身 代 词 myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves 一一 人称代词 人称代词 1 人称代词作主语时用主格 作宾语时用宾格 eg We all like her very much 2 作表语时多用宾格 eg Who is talking It s him 3 用 she 来代表国家 船只 飞机 城市 大地 月亮等 以示亲切和爱抚 eg China is a great country She has a very long history 4 在并列主语中 第二人称放在首位 第三人称放在其次 第一人称放在最后 eg You he and I have been to Shanghai twice 5 有时可用 it 代替小孩 child 或婴儿 baby eg The baby smiled when it saw its father 二 物主代词二 物主代词 1 形容词性物主代词在句中作定语 后加名词 Eg I am your new English teacher this term My name is Cathy 2 名词性物主代词在句中作主语 宾语 表语等 Eg Is this book yours No it s not mine Mine is here 名词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词 名词 3 在一些固定结构中常用 the 代替物主代词 Eg Bill hit Mike on the head 4 一些短语中的物主代词一般不可省略 Eg all one s life 一生 终生 change one s mind 改变主意 come to one s mind 想起 do one s best 竭尽全力 follow one s example 以 为榜样 lose one s life 丧生 make up one s mind 下决心 决定 on one s way to 在某人去 的路上 take one s time 不着急 慢慢来 stay on one s feet 站着 to one s surprise 令某人感到 2 吃惊的是 with one s help 在某人的帮助下 5 of 名词性物主代词 表示所属关系 Eg a sister of his 他的一个妹妹 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 三 反身代词三 反身代词 1 反身代词是表示反射 指一个动作回射到执行人本身 或强调 用来加强 名词或代词的语气 的代词 2 反身代词经常与一些动词或介词连用 构成短语 Eg learn sth by oneself teach oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 过的愉快 dress oneself 穿衣 wash oneself 洗刷 help oneself 随便 leave one by oneself 把某人留下来 all by oneself 独自一人 四 指示代词四 指示代词 指示代词包括 this that these those it 1 this these 一般用来表示在时间或空间上较近的人或物 而 that those 常指 时间或空间上较远的人或物 Eg This is a pencil That is a ruler 2 This these 可指后面要讲到的事情 而 That those 指前面已经提到的事情 Eg Mike asked me to help him with his lessons this evening I m afraid I can t do that 3 在作比较时可用 that those 指代前面提到的名词 that 指代单数可数名词 或不可数名词 those 指代复数可数名词 Eg The weather in Wuhan is warmer than that in Beijing 4 在打电话时 用 that 来询问对方是谁 用 this 来介绍自己是谁 Eg Is that Lucy speaking 5 Yes who is that This is Jony speaking 6 it 也可作为指示代词 常用于不分或不明男女的情况下 Eg Who is knocking the door 7 It is the postman 五 相互代词 相互关系的代词 五 相互代词 相互关系的代词 宾格 each other one another 属格 each other s one another s 传统语法中 each other 指代两者 而 one another 用于两者以上 Eg You and I understand each other They have been seperated from one another a long time 六 疑问代词六 疑问代词 1 疑问代词 Who whom whose what which 用来构成特殊疑问句 其中前三个只 能指人 后两个可指人或物 2 Who what which 后面可加 ever 以加强语气 Eg Whoever are you looking for 你 到底在找谁 3 What 与 which 作定语的区别是 which 用于在一定范围内的人或事物中进行 选择 而 what 没有此限制 4 Who 与 what Who is he 他是谁 What is he 他是做什么职业的 5 who 与 whom 现代英语中往往用 who 代替 whom 但前面有介词 常用 whom Eg By whom was it made 七 连接代词七 连接代词 疑问代词 who whom whose what which 引导宾语从句时称作连接代词 具体用 3 法见宾语从句 八 关系代词八 关系代词 疑问代词 who whose whom which 引导定语从句时 称作关系代词 具体用法见 定语从句 Linda there is somebody knocking at the door Go and see who is A he B she C it D that We have no idea he is They say he is a policeman A whom B what C which D who He found necessary for him to improve his spoken English A that it B what C it D that The teacher wanted to do the work A Jim Mike and I B I Jim and Mike C Mike Jim and me D Jim me and Mike Do you know the boy sitting between Peter and A she B I C his D me I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have A it B those C them D one A latest English newspaper please Only one copy left Would you like to have sir A it B one C this D that We are interested in work A each other B one another C one another s D one anothers Are these cars made in Japan Yes and they re much cheaper than made in Amercia A that B those C it D ones Why did take Aunt Alice almost an hour to get home I dont know May there was something wrong with her car A that B it C she D this 九 不定代词九 不定代词 一 不定代词的分类 不定代词是指代非特定对象的代词 可根据不同的标准分类 1 肯定意义的代词 both all every each other another many much a few a little some one any somebody someone eveerything nothing 2 否定意义的不定代词 no neither none nobody nothing few little 3 指两者的不定代词 both either neither the other each 两者中的每一个 4 指三者以上的不定代词 all every each 既可指多者中每一个又可指两者中 每一个 many a few some any 5 只能作定语的不定代词 no every 6 表示可数意义的不定代词 many few other another each some any none 4 every one 7 表示不可数意义的不定代词 much little some any 8 复合不定代词 some any no every 与 one body thing 合并在一起构成的 代词 someone somebody something anyone anybody anything everyone everybody 二 复合不定代词所带有的修饰词要后置 作后置定语 复合不定代词也可 由 else 修饰 表示 其它的 eg 1 I have something important 2 He hasn t anything to tell you 3 Do you want to say anything else 三 不定代词的全部否定和部分否定 全部否定的不定代词 none neither nothing 部分否定的不定代词 not all not both not everything all not both not everything not 四 不定代词作主语时谓语动词数的概念 不定代词作主语时谓语动词应 当用单数 Eg 1 Nothing is done to the pollution in this area 2 Nobody has been sent to the front up to now 三 常考代词分析 一 some 与 any 的用法 1 some 用于肯定句以及表示建议或期待得到肯定回答的问句 修饰单数名词 时 译为 某个 eg I have some questions about the assigenment Would you mind buying me some ice cream 希望得到肯定答复 2 any 用于否定句和疑问句时 表示 一些 用于肯定句时只和单数名词或 不可数名词连用 表示 任何 The medicine is on sale everywhere You can get it at any chemist s 3 以 some any 构成的复合不定代词在用法上 基本与 some 和 any 相似 Someone somebody something 一般用于肯定句 Anyone anybody anything 一般用于否定句 疑问句和条件状语从句 当表达建议 请 求等肯定意愿时 疑问句中也可以用以 some 构成的复合不定代词 当表示带 有 任何 意味时 由 any 构成的符合不定代词也可以用于肯定句 要根据说 话的口气来判断 区别 Eg Look carefully and you will see something in the tree Did they smell anything strange Will you give me something to eat 4 由 any 构成的不定代词 在否定句中不可作主语 除非表示 任何 之意 此时要用 none nobody no one nothing 等表否定的词来作主语 不可说 anything isn t wrong with you 要说 Nothing is wrong with you 二 each 与 every 的用法 1 every 强调全体的概念 each 强调个体概念 Eg Every student in our schoool works hard 我们学校的学生都很用功 Every student may have one book 每个学生都可有一本书 2 Every 指三个以上的人或物 含三个 each 指两个以上的人或物 含两个 5 3 every 只作形容词 不可单独使用 each 可作代词或形容词 Eg Every student has to take one Each boy has to take one Each of the boys has to take one 4 every 有 每 的意思 如 every two weeks 等 each 没有 5 every 与 not 连用 表示部分否定 each 和 not 连用表示全部否定 Eg Every man is not honest 并非每个人都诚实 Each man is not honest 这儿每个人都不诚实 三 both either neither all any none 这些词都可用作代词或形容词 其 位置都在 be 动词之后 行为动词之前或第一助动词之后 1 both 两者都 either 两者中任何一个 neither 两者都不 以上词使 用范围为两个人或物 Eg Neither of the two boys is clever 两个男孩都不聪明 2 both either 中 both 与复数连用 either 与单数连用 Eg Both the boys are clever 两个男孩都很聪明 Either of the two boys is clever 两个男孩都很聪明 There are flowers on both sides of the street There are flowers on either side of the street 3 all 所有的 全部的人或物 any 任何一个 none 都不 以上词使用范 围为三者以上 Eg All the flowers are gone I don t like any of the flowers 这些花我都不喜欢 I like none of the flowers 这些花我都不喜欢 all 与 none 用法一样 跟单数名词 用单数动词 跟复数名词 用复数动词 Eg All of the students are there 所有的学生都在那儿 All of the milk is there 所有的牛奶都在那儿 四 many much 都译为 许多 many 指代可数名词 much 指代不可数名 词 还可作形容词用 many 修饰可数名词 much 修饰不可数名词 Eg 1 How many people are there at the meeting 2 How much time has we left 3 Many of the workers were at the meeting 4 Much of the time was spent in learning 五 few Little a few a Little a few 可数名词 a Little 不可数名词 a few 和 a little 为肯 定含义 还有一点 few 和 little 为否定含义 没有多少了 6 Eg He has a little friends 他有几个朋友 He has few friends 他几乎 没有朋友 We still have a little time 我们还有点时间 There is little time left 几乎没剩下什么时间了 六 no one 和 none 1 none 后跟 of 短语 既可指人又可指物 而 no one 单独使用只指人 2 none 作主语 谓语动词用单复数均可 而 no one 作主语谓语动词只能用单 数 Eg None of you could lift it 你们中没有人能够举起它 Did any one call me up just now No one 七 it one that 1 it 指代可数名词单数或者不可数名词 指的是 同名同物 eg The Greens bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in 2 one 所表示的名词 人或物 和前面所提到的名词只是同一类中的任何一个 不是特指其中某一个 不能代替不可数名词 同类异物 eg I hpe there are enough apples for children to have one 3 that 指代的是同一类事物而不是同一个事物 但是 that 代替的是有定冠词的 名词 表示特指 它还可以代替不可数名词 用 that 代替前面已出现的可数名 词 that 相当于 the one 或不可数名词时 后面一定要跟修饰 且 that 只能指 物 Eg No bread eaten by man is so sweet as that earned by his own labor 八 other another others any other the other 的用法 1 other 表示泛指 译为 另外的 其它的 常与复数名词或不可数名词连用 如果其前有 the this some any each every no one 以及形容词性物主 代词时 其后就可接单数名词 eg I have no other place to go 2 another 常用于指三