初中英语介词用法详解与练习

定义 定义 介词是一种用来表示词与词 词与句之间的关系的词 在 句中不能单独作句字成分 介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词 的其他词类 短语或从句作它的宾语 介词和它的宾语构成介词词 组 在句中作状语 表语 补语或介词宾语 一 表示时间的介词 1 in on at 在 时 in 表示较长时间 如世纪 朝代 时代 年 季节 月及一般 非特指 的早 中 晚等 如 in the 20th century in the 1950s in 1989 in summer in January in the morning in the night in one s life in one s thirties 等 on 表示具体某一天及其早 中 晚 如 on May 1st on Monday on New Year s Day on a cold night in January on a fine morning on Sunday afternoon 等 at 表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间 或泛指圣诞节 复活节等 如 at 3 20 at this time of year at the beginning of at the end of at the age of at Christmas at night at noon at this moment 等 注意 在 last next this that some every 等词之前一律不用介词 如 We meet every day at 时间点 有 on 必有天 in 指月季年 也和色相连 就是说 有具体的时间点的时候用 at 具体那一天用 on 说到月份 季节 年 份 就用 in 而且说谁穿了什么颜色的衣服的时候 也是用 in XX color at 用于某一具体时刻或重大节日之前 在五点钟 在中午 在夜晚 在圣诞节 在午夜 2 on 用在具体某一天或某天的上午 下午 晚上之前 在国庆节 在周二晚上 在星期天 3 in 用在周 日 季节或泛指的上午 下午 晚上前 在一周内 在五月 在夏季 在 2009 年 在下午 归纳总结 在初中阶段常见的固定短语 in English 用英语 in a minute 一会儿 立刻 in a short while 一 会儿 不久 in a hurry 匆匆忙忙 in danger 在危险中 in full 全部地 详 细地 in a word 一句话 in all 总共 in every case 不管 怎样 in the end 最后 in spite of 尽管 in person 亲自 in fact 事实上 in good health 身体健康的 in front of 在 前 面 in some ways 在某些方面 in common 共同的 in public 当众 考题再现 Who was the first man with A h1n1 flu in mainland China know for sure May 11 2009 A In B On C For D Since 2 before after before 表示 在某时刻或某件事之前 after 用在时刻或某件事之后 We must leave 八点钟之前我们必须离开 before 8 o clock breakfast he hurried to school 早餐后 他匆忙上学去了 After 考题再现 When the school biulding began to shake the teachers ran downstdirs all the students The teachers are real hero A after B with C befor 解析 after 在 之后 with 与 一起 before 在 之前 老 师们是英雄 说明老师们在地震后跑在了学生之后 3 by until till 1 by 表示 在 之前 到 为止 You must hand in your homework nine o clock 你必须在 9 点前交上家庭作 业 by 2 till 与 until 都有 直到 或 直到 为止 之意 till 多用于口语 且不能放在句首 till 和 until 用于肯定句时 主句中动词的动作一致延续到 till 或 until 后的时间为止 till 和 until 用于否定句时 主句中的动词是瞬间动作 它的动作要到 till 或 until 后的时间才发生 Eg He can not be back January 直到一月份他才回来 till until We waited 10 o clock last night 昨晚我们一直等到 10 点钟 till until 4 Of about on Of 仅指 关于 人或事物的存在 He spoke of the film the other day He thought of the matter yesterday About 指 关于 某人或某事物的较详细的情况 It s a book for children about Africa and it s people Can you tell me something about yourself On 指 关于 学术性的或严肃性的 供专门研究用的 It s a textbook on history of China 5 in after 两者都有 在一段时间之后 之意 但 in 时间段 表示时间从现在算起 常用语将来时态 而 after 时间段 时间点 表示的时间从过去算起 多用于 过去式 Eg 1 I will finish the work two hours 两个小时后我将完成这项工作 2 He returned his hometown half an year 半年后他返回了他的故乡 考题再现 No hurry The bus will arrive ten minutes A at B for C in D by 解析 在将来时中 in 用在一段时间之前 表示在一段时间之后 故选 C 二 表示地点的介词 表示方位的介词 in on to In 表示 在 内 on 表示 与 相邻 to 表示 在 之外 又不相邻 A is in the northeast of B A is on the west of B B is to the east of A 考题再现 Taiwan is a beautiful island and it s east of Fujian A in B on C to 解析 在表示 方位时 in 表在内部 on 表相邻 to 表在外部 又不相邻 台湾在附件的外部 与福建隔海相望 2 表示 在 之上或之下 的介词 above over on 在在 上上 above 指在 上方 不强调是否垂直 与 below 相对 over 指垂直的上方 与 under 相对 但 over 与物体有一定的空间 不直接接触 on 表示某物体上面并与之接触 The bird is flying above my head There is a bridge over the river He put his watch on the desk 3 below under 在 下面 under 表示在 正下方 below 表示在 下 不一定在 正下方 There is a cat under the table Please write your name below the line My pencil case is Li Lei s desk 我的铅笔盒在李磊的课桌上 There is a bridge the river 河上有座桥 The plane is flying the clouds 飞机在云层上飞行 Please do not write this line 请不要写在这条线的下面 The water flows the bridge 水在桥下流过 考题再现 The weather report said that the temperature would fell 在 下 面 zero 解析 在 下面 可用 below 或 under 表示在温度的上方或下方用 above 上 或 Below 下 3 表示在某地的介词 at in on at 表示较小的地点 in 表示较大的地方 on 表示在一个平面上 Eg Shanghai home ground 考题再现 Tom told me his parents had arrived Beijing A at B on C in D to 解析 arrive 后接两个介词 in 或 at at 接小地方 in 接大地方 北京是大地 方 4 表示 前 后 的介词 in front of in the front of before 表示 在 之前 in front of before 表示 在某一范围之外的前面 in the front of 表示 在某一范围之内的前部 eg Tom is short and always sits the classroom 汤姆很矮 一直坐在教室的前 面 There is a tree my house 我的房前有棵大树 at the back of behind after 三者均有 在 之后 之意 at the back of 是 in the front of 的反 义词 表示 在某一范围之内的后部 behind 是 in front of 的反义词 表示 在某一范围之外的后面 After 可与 behind 互换 也可以用于表示运动的词词后面 Eg The couples are walking their son 这对夫妇跟在他们的儿子后面散步 Your cat is the tree 你的猫躲在树后面 There s a blackboard the classroom 教室后面有块黑板 考题再现 There is a bank 在 后面 the bus station 解析 在某一物体外部的后面 5 表示 里外 的介词 in 表示 在 内 有静止之意 inside 表示 在 里面 到 里面 强 调 以 为界 之意 into 表示动作的方向 意为 到 内 Eg My wallet is the closet 我的钱包在衣柜里 The boy rushed the house 这个男孩冲进房子 He was reading English the door 他在家里读英语 outside 是 inside 的反义词 表示 在 外面 out of 是 into 的反义词 表示 到 外 Eg Don t look the window when you are in class 上课时不要想窗外看 They are having an important meeting please wait the office 他们正在召开 一个重要的会 议 请在办公室外边等候 6 from to for into out of 1 from 从 The train started from Paris She will fly from Beijing to HK 2 to 到 目的地 去 向 He went to Guangzhou last year They got to the town very late 3 for 向 表目的方向 He left for Tianjin on business yesterday The train for Shanghai has been away Towards to 和 for 都可表示方向 其区别如下 Towards 仅指朝向某个方向 不一定是目的地 而 to 和 for 都是 向目的地 For 作 向 目的地 时 常用于固定搭配中 如 leave for start for 4 into 进入 Please put the water into the bottle The teacher came into the classroom 5 out of 从 出来 A girl in red went out of the shop They pulled him out of the water 三 其他介词 1 表示材料与手段的介词 with by in with 表示用什么工具 所用的东西都是具体的物 Eg We see our eyes and hear ears 我们用眼看 用耳听 by 指 靠 手段 用 方法 凭借 动作 所表示的方法 手段 途 径比较抽象 后接名词 代 词或动名词 也可和 bus plane bike 等表示交通手段的名词连用 Eg He earns his living writing 他靠写作谋生 I shall contact you telephone 我将打电话和你联系 I will travel to Hainan air 我将乘飞机去海南 考题再现 Lin Lin often practices English chatting with her American friend A in B by C for D with 解析 by 后接动名词常表示使用某种方法或通过某种途径 in 表示 所用材料以及所用的语言 声音 衣饰等 eg They are talking Japanese 他们正用日语交谈 The boy always a blue heat 男孩常带一顶蓝帽 I like to draw picture red ink 我喜欢用红墨水画画 考题再现 Betly let s make a cake some flour sugar butter and milk A at B of C in D with 解析 根据句意 Betly 让我们用面粉 糖 黄油 牛奶做面包 可知 空格 部分介词为用 With 指工具或材料 2 of from about Of 表示 属于 的 表示数量或种类 from 表示 是哪里人 以及时间或时 间的起点来自 about 关于 大约 左右 等 Eg The old man sit here morning 从早晨起老人就坐在这儿 Wang Hong is a friend mine 王红是我的一位朋友 I know nothing him 我对他一无所知 There are fifty people in the room 房间里大约有 50 人 Here is a cup tea for you 给你一杯茶 These visitors are all American 这些游客都来自美国 考题再现 I got an e mail this morning It was my foreign friend Tony 解析 be from 意为 来自 表明主语的出处 四 几个已混介词的用法辨析 1 表示表示 在在 之间之间 的介词 的介词 between among between 指在两个人或两个事物之间 among 指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间 My school is the post office and the hospital 我的学校在邮局和医院之间 I found him the crowd 我从人群中发现了他 考题再现 You must ride your bike the right side of road A at B on C in D for There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground The teacher is standing among the students 2 by with in 表示方法 手段 工具表示方法 手段 工具 by 以 方法 手段或泛指某种交通工具 with 表示用 工具 手段 一般接具体的工具和手段 in 表示用 方式 用 语言 语调 笔墨 颜色 等 He makes a living by selling newspapers He broke the window with a stone The foreigner spoke to us in English 五 含有介词的固定搭配 1 介词与动词 do well in 在某方面做 的好 do with处置 agree with sb 同意某人 begin with以 开始laugh at嘲笑help with 在 方面 帮助 leave for动身去某地 catch up with 赶上 get on a long with 与 相处 arrive in at 到达 make friend with 与 交 朋友 take care of 照顾 照 料 look at看listen to听hear from听说 look for寻找turn on off 打开 关上 send for派人去请 look after照看 照料put on穿上pay for为 付钱 lookover检查depend on 依赖 依靠 wait for等候 fill with充满ask for 要 要 求 考题再现 What would you do the lost libarary book I would by to find it or pay it A for to B about for C with for D with to 解析 本题考查的是介词的固定搭配 do with 意为 处置 对付 pay for 为 付钱 2 介词和形容词的固定搭配 be satisfied with sb 对某人感到满 意 be weak in在某方面差 be good bad for对 有益 有害be late for迟到 be pleased with sb 对某人感到满 意 be busy with忙于 be angry at sth 因 而生气be made of由 制成 be angry at sb 生某人的气be good at在 方面做的好 be full of充满be different from 与 不同 be strict with sb 对某人要求严 格 be strict in sth 对某事要求严格 be proud of以 为荣 考题再现 We must be strict ourselves and strict our work A in with B with in C in in D with with 解析 本体考察的是介词和形容词搭配的固定短语 be strict with sb 意为 对某人要求严格 对 某事要求严格在 strict 后面接 in 3 介词与名词搭配 in time及时at work在工作 on time按时in fact事实上 at home在家at once马上 at night晚上in trouble处于困境 on foot步行on duty值日 in a hurry匆忙in the sun在阳光下 巩固练习 1 Taiwan is the southeast of China in on to 2 Go the bridge the river you ll find the shop across through over above 3 I go to school 7 30 every morning in on at 4 He would like to meet her 8 00 and 9 00 tomorrow morning between among 5 The Greens have lived in China three years in for after 6 We go to school every day Saturday and Sunday except besides 7 He wrote the letter ink by with in 8 She returned to her country five years in after for 9 There is a big tree our classroom after behind 10 I usually go to work bike by on with 强化复习 1 Children get gifts Christmas and their birthdays A on on B at on C in in D in on 2 There is nothing tomorrow afternoon is there No We can have a game of table tennis A on B in C out D up 3 A lot of students in our school were born March 1981 A in B at C on D since 4 tie suddenly returned a rainy night A on B at C in D during 5 My grandfather was born Oct 10 1935 A on B in C at D of 6 The train is starting five minutes A in B at C for D still 7 Mike does his exercises seven the evening A on to B at in C by of D at on 2 1 The population of the world has grown very fast four hundred years A for past the B in the pass C in the past D for past 2 We returned to our hometown A next week B in the last week C last week D for a week 3 Great changes have taken place A in the last few year B in the last few years C last year D on the last year 3 1 Children wake up very early the morning of Christmas Day A in B on C for D at 2 a cold winter morning I met her in the street A In B On C At D For 3 It happened to be very cold the morning of our sports meet A at B on C with D of 4 Why did you get up so early this morning A on B C at D in 4 1 He went to Shanghai September 3 1991 and came back a cold morning last year A in on B on in C on on D in in 2 Lucy was born the night of May 12 1984 A on B in C at D to 3 Mrs Brown came to China 1996 A on B of C to D in 4 the morning of November 20 1915 the workers came to Chicago to show their mourning Joe Hill A On to B In of C On for D At for 5 Ann moved Hangzhou September 1992 A in B to in C to on D in in 6 They started off an autumn afternoon A during B at C in D on 5 1 He often goes school six thirty the morning A for to in B to at in C to for at D for at to 2 He arrived Shanghai 9 30 March 5 f A at in at B to on at C in on at D in at on 3 The English teacher told me to get there half past ten A in B at C on D of 4 The children get up 6 o clock A at B on C during D in 6 1 The doctor worked five hours a rest A for with B on without C about having D for without 2 I worked on the problem a long time and I worked it out myself last A for by at B in with on C on by in D for for at the 3 A new factory will be set up a years later A for B in C after D on 4 Two years he began to write another story book A after B later C in D late 5 We will finish the picture a day A in B on C after D on 6 The workers had been strike almost a month A on in B at in C on for D on during 7 Mr Brown had lain the ground four hours before they finally found him A on for B at in C on after D in during 7 1 The teacher is coming back an hour A after