任务阅读汇编3444[策划].doc

任务阅读汇编3444策划 34请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意每个空格只填1个单词。 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 Dont plainin theNBA TheNBA has a new rule thisseason.Its called“zero tolerance”.NBA refereesare notletting playersplain toolong ortoo loudlyabout areferees call.A playerwho doescan begiven atechnical foul(犯规).Two technicalfouls,and theplayer isout of the game.The playersdont like the newrule andwant theNBA tochange it.They thinkits onlynatural to get angry during a close,hard-fought game if a call goesagainst you.But Ilike the“zero tolerance”rule andwish other sports wouldfollow theNBAs example.Wouldnt it be more enjoyable iffootball,soer andtennis playersstopped arguing the calls and justplayed thegame?The biggestreason Ilikethe newruleis that it setsa goodexample toyounger players.When kidssee starssuch asRasheed Wallaceof theDetroit Pistonsshouting at the referees and arguingevery call,they thinkits part of thegame.But shoutingat refereesand arguing calls shouldnever bepart of any kids games.Kids should be taughtto forgetabout the refereescallsandpay attention to improvingtheir skills and play their best.All playersneed to learn that you controlonly ohing in a game,and thats yourown performance.You cant controlwhat theother playersor trainersdo.And youcertainly cant controlthe callsthe refereesmake.Finally,everyone fromNBA all-stars to8-year-olds shouldremember that being a basketball refereeis ahard job.The refereehas to make dozensof suddencalls.No hesitation.No secondchances.Not even the bestreferee getsevery callright.Maybe ifthe players,trainers andfans whoshout attherefereeshad towear awhistle andcall afew games,there wouldntbeas manyplaints about the“zero tolerance”rule.The newrule The players arenot (1)_to plaintoo muchabout areferees call, (2)_he mightbe (3)_out of the court.Theplayersopinion They (4)_the newrule andwish itto bechanged.They thinkits naturalfor themto getangryduringaclosegameifthere is acall (5)_against them.The writers opinionHe likesthe“zero-tolerance”rule andwishes itto befollowed byothersportsand itwill bemoreenjoyableif players (6)_arguingthecalls.The newrule does (7)_a goodexample toyounger players.Shouting atrefereesand arguingcallsshouldntbepart of any kids games and kidsshould payattentionto (8)_up theirskillsandplaytheirbest.All playerscan controlnothing (9)_except theirperformance.Everyone should (10)_in mindthatits difficultto beabasketballjudge.35请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 We aregoing to describe oneway tobuild a rooftop gardenthat does not evenrequire soil.Four things are neededfor asmall rooftopgarden.One thing is aroof thatcan supportthe weight,Another isgrass cutting.The thirdthingis a sheetof plasticin whichto spread the cut grass.And thelast thingis abox abouteight centimetersdeep andmade outof fourpieces ofwood.Once youare surethe roofis good,cut andcollect somegrass.Then laydown theplastic wherethe gardenbox willgo.The four-sided boxcan beas longand aswide asneeded.Place thebox ontop of the sheetof plastic.Then fillit with the cutgrass.Next,add water and walkon the cuttings topress themdown.After aboutthree weeks,the rooftopgarden isready forplanting.Put theseeds directlyinto thewet grasscuttings.This gardenis a good place to growpeas,tomatoes,beans,onions andlettuce.If thebox isdeep enough,potatoes andcarrots willalso grow.It isimportant to keep thegrass wetuntil theplants begin to grow.When theplants aregrowing,they will need wateringevery day,unless there is rain.And theywillneedsome liquidfertilizer.Also,seeds andnew plantsmust beprotected frominsects and birds.Rooftop gardensare increasinglypopular,and notjust to grow vegetables.They keepbuildings coolerin thesun,so theysave energy.They canalso extendthe usefullife of aroof.Rooftop gardensalso reducethe runoffof stormwaterandhelp cleanthe air.Plus theyadd beauty,and givebirds and insects in the citya niceplacetolive.The buildingof arooftop vegetablegarden thingsneeded1_.requirements aroof to2_the weight3_and strong enough grasscuttings to be useda4_.to bepressed downa sheetof plasticto5_possible leaks(渗漏)on whichto6_thecutgrass a7_box tohold thecutgrassmade of4pieces ofwood seedsfor vegetablesto beprotected from8_andbirds9_and fertilizerto makevegetables growbetter suppliedfrequently and10_36The rise of multinational corporations(跨国公司),global marketing,new municationtechnologies,and reducingcultural differenceshave ledto a great increasein globalpublic relationsor PR.Surprisingly,since modernPR waslargely anAmerican invention,the U.S.leadership inpublic relationsis being threatened byPR effortsin othercountries.Ten yearsago,for example,the worlds topfive publicrelations panieswere American-owned.In1991,only onewas.The Britishare especiallybeing moreknowledgeable andcreative.A recentstudy found that more than half of allBritish paniesinclude PRas part of theircorporate planning activities,pared to about one-third ofU.S.panies.It maynot belong beforeLondon replacesNew Yorkas thecapital of PR.Why isAmerican losingthe globalPR racegradually?Firstly,Americans as a wholetend to be fairlyprovincial(守旧)and takemore of an interest in localaffairs.Knowledge ofworld geography,for example,has neverbeen strongin thiscountry.Secondly,Americans fallbehind theirEuropean andAsian counterparts(相对应的人)in knowinga secondlanguage.Less than5percent ofBurson-Marshalls U.S.employees knowtwo languages.Ogilvy andMather have aboutthesame percentage.On thecontrary,some Europeanfirms havehalf ormore of their employeesgood ata secondlanguage.Finally,people involvedin PRabroad tendtokeepa closereye oninternational affairs.In thefinancial PRarea,for instance,most Americansread theWall StreetJournal.Overseas,their counterpartsreadtheJournal as well asthe FinancialTimes ofLondon andThe Economist,publications notoften readin thiscountry.Perhaps thePR industrymight takea lessonfrom TedTurner ofN(Cable NewsNetwork),turner recentlyannounced that the word“foreign”would no longer be used onN newsbroadcasts.Aording toTurner,global municationshave madethe nationsof the world sointer-dependant thatthere isnolongerany suchthing asforeign.Title:Public RelationsReasons for a great (1)_in PRIt (2)_from theriseofmultinationalcorporations,global marketing,new municationtechnologies,and reducingcultural differences.The present (3)_ofPRThe U.S.leadership inPR isbeingthreatenedby effortsin Britain,because Britishpanies placemore (4)_on PRthan U.S.panies.The (5)_of Britishpanies whichinclude PRas apartofplanningactivitiesis higherthan U.S.panies.Reasons forAmerican (6)_behind inPR raceEuropean andAsian counterpartsare more (7)_than Americanin geographyand (8)_languages.People abroadpay more (9)_to internationalaffairs thanAmericans.A lessonAmerican PRpanies shouldhaveasense of (10)_munications.37Psychologists tellus thatthere arefour basicstages thathuman beingspass throughwhen theyenter and live ina newcultureThis process，which helpsus to deal withculture shock，is the way ourbrain andour personalityreacts to the strangenew thingswe meetwith when we movefrom oneculture toanotherCulture shockbegins with the“honeymoon stage”This is the periodof timewhenwefirst arrivein whicheverything aboutthe newculture isstrange andexcitingWe may be sufferingfrom“jet lag”but weare thrilledto bein the new environmentYou seenew sights，hear newsounds andlanguage andeat newkinds offoodThis honeymoonstage canlast forquite along timebecause wefeel weare involvedin somekind ofgreat adventureUnfortunately，the secondstage ofculture shockcan bemore difficultAfter wehave settleddown intoour new1ife，we can bee verytired andbegin tomiss ourhomeland andour familyThis periodof cultural adjustment can be verydifficult andlead to the newarrival rejectingor pullingaway fromthe newcultureThis“rejection stagecan bequite dangerousbecause thevisitor maydevelop unhealthyhabitsThis stageis considereda crisis in theprocess ofculturaladjustmentand manypeople chooseto go back to their homelandor spendall theirtime withpeople fromtheir ownculture speakingtheir nativelanguageAlmost allthe littleproblems that everybody has in dailylife seemto bemuch biggerand moredisturbing whenfaced withina foreigncultureThe thirdstage ofculture shockis calledthe“adjustment stage”This iswhen youbegintorealize thatthingsarenot sobad in the hostcultureYour sense of humourusually beesstronger andyou realizethat youare beingstronger bylearning to take careof yourselfin thenew placeThings aresti11difficult，but youare nowa survivor!The fourthstage can be called“adaptation”Now youfeel quitefortable inyour newsurroundingsYou cancope withmost problemsthat ourYou maystill haveproblems with the language，but youknow youatestrongenough to dealwith themIf youmeet someonefrom yourcountry whohas justarrived，you can be theexpert onlife in thenewculture andhelp themto dealwith theirculture shockThere is a fifthstage ofculture shockwhich manypeople dont knowaboutThis iscalled“reverse culture shock”Surprisingly，this ourswhen yougoback to yournative culture and findthatyouhave changedand thatthings therehave changedwhile youhave beenawayNow youfeel alittle unfortableback homeLife isa struggle!TitleCulture ShockTopic Cultureshock happenswhen yougo tolive in （1）cultureBasic stagesto passthrough （2）People may feel excitedand thrilledat （3）they seeand hearRejectionPeople beetired and （4）People canbe putin （5）of developingbad habitPeople chooseto gobacktotheir （6）culturesAdjustment People are beingstronger and they nowhave （7）the cultureshockAdaptationPeople feelrelaxed and their unfortablefeelings nolonger existPeople arefamiliar withthenewcultureand （8）_to newersA stage （9）_to manypeople ReversecultureshockPeoplearenot austomedtotheirnative culturesbecause of the （10）both in themselves and their countries38(308个词)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 Literature isa termused todescribe writtenaswell as spokenmaterial.Generally speaking,it is often usedtodescribe anything fromcreative imagination,including worksof poetry,drama andfiction.Then whyread literature,since it is oftenimaginary andseems unconnectedwith reallife?A lotof usread literaturefor pleasure and relaxation.Its alwayspleasant to read someinteresting books,such asedies andnovels,in ourspare time.In a modern lifefull of pressure,itisour mondesire toread someimaginary worksand seekrelaxation fromthe stressin life.Reading literatureis more than fun;it alsoenables us to acquireknowledge.As ageneral rule,literature representsa languageorapeople,and itoften givesus aninsight(洞察力)into thetraditions,customs,beliefs,attitudes andvalues of the agein whichit waswritten.Sometimes literaturecan evenoffer usnew,creative waysto havea betterunderstanding of the world.It helpsus makesenseof the worldaround us.It introducesus tonew worldsof experiences.We enjoythe edyand thetragedy ofpoems,stories andplays;and we may evengrow throughour literary journey withbooks.Eventually,wemaydiscover meaning in literatureby lookingat whatthe authorsays andhow he/she saysit.In asense,we explorethe humancondition andanalyze howand whypeople thinkthe waythey thinkand feelthewaythey feel.Literature enablesustothink analytically and promotesopen minds.We seethe worldthrough theeyes ofdifferent culturesandinturn learnthe waystodealwith things that happenaround.So wecan definitelysay literatureisofgreat importanceto us.Why not get goingwith onepoem,drama orfiction atonce?Topic (1)should weread literature?Definition Itdescribes anything,whether writtenor spoken,by using (2).Types (3),drama andfiction (4)toreadliteratureTo getpleasureandrelaxation toget ridofpressurein (5).To acquire (6)to make us learnabout traditions,customs,beliefs,attitudes andvalues ofthe agein whichit waswritten.To offerpeople waysto understand (7)oftheworld,to (8)literary works,togrowthrough theliteraryjourney,to discovermeaninginliterature,and evenexplore (9)humans thinkand feel.To helpus thinkanalyticallyandmakeus (10)our minds.Suggestion Readingliterature.39There aregood reasonsto cherishour friendships.Some yearsago apublic-opinion researchfirm,Roper StarchWorldwide,askedxxpeople toidentify oneor twothingsthatsaid the most aboutthemselves.Friends faroutranked homes,jobs,clothes andcars.“Ironically,”says BrantR.Burleson,professor ofmunication atPurdue Universityin WestLafayette,Ind.,“the betterfriends youare,the morelikely youll faceconflicts.”And theoute canbe whatyou dont want-an endtotherelationship.The goodnews isthat mosttroubled friendshipscanbemended.Swallow yourpride.It wasnt easy,but thats whatDenise Moreland of HickamAir ForceBase inHawaii didwhen afriendship turnedsour.For nearlyfour months,Moreland,45,had watchedover NoraHuizengas twoyoung daughters,who wereliving withtheir fatheron thebase,while Huizenga,40,pleted trainingasadental hygienistin Nevada.“I felthonored to be askedto stepin,”Moreland says.When Huizengareturned atChristmas,Moreland recalls,“I hadso muchto tellher,but shenever called.”One daughterhad abirthday party,but Moreland wasnt invited.“I feltlike Id beenused,”she says.At first,Moreland sworeto avoidHuizenga.Then shedecided toswallow herpride andlet her friend know how she felt.Huizenga admittedthat shed beenso worriedabout beingseparated fromher familythat shed beenblind towhat herfriend haddone tohelp her.Today shesays,“I wouldnever havefigured outwhat happenedif Denisehadnt calledme onit.”When afriend hurtsyou,your instinctis toprotect yourself.But that makes itharder tosolve problems,explains WilliamWilmot,author ofRelational Communication.“Most ofus arerelieved whendifferences arebrought outin theopen.”Apologize when youre wrong-even ifyouve also been wronged.But overthe courseof afriendship,eventhe best peoplemake mistakes.“We dont thinkclearly whenwere arguing,”says MichaelLang,a professionalmediator inPittsburgh.Instead,says Lang,ask:“Whats goingon?This doesnt makesense.”See thingsfrom yourfriends pointof view.Sociologists RebeaAdams Rosemaryand Bliesznerinterviewed53adults whoeach hadmany friendshipslasting decades.“We werecurious howthese peoplemanaged tosustain strongfriendships forso long,”says Blieszner.Tolerance iskey,the researcherslearned.”Its surprisinghow oftena disputeresults froma simplemisunderstanding,”adds psychotherapistAnne Frenkel.Aept thatfriendships change.“Friendships changeas ourneeds andlifestyles change,”Wilmot observes.Making friendscan sometimesseem easy,says Yager.The hardpart iskeeping theconnections strongduring thenatural upsand downsthat affectall relationships.Her suggestion:Consider friendshipan honor anda gift,and worththe effortto treasureand nurture.Title:Keep onyour friendshipsOur friendshipsshouldbe （1）_.Aording toa research,friends aremore （2）_than otherthings likehomes,jobs andcars. （3）_,the betterfriends youare,the moreconflicts youmay face.Tips onhow to （4）_a brokenfriendship Swallowyour （5）_Moreland madethe decisionto letherfriendknowhowshefeltand thingschanged.Wed betterbring outour feelingin theopen.Make an （6）We should （7）_arguing sinceargue may_when youare wrongmake nosense atall.Tolerate differencesWed betterlearn tosee thingsfrom ourfriends pointof view.Many disputes （8）_from simplemisunderstandings.Aept thechange ofthe friendshipWe shouldbe （9）_ofthefact thatfriendship changesas ourneeds andlifestyles change.Conclusion Friendshipis anhonorandagift,and itis worthwhile （10）_efforts tocherish andnurture it.40请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读的内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意每个空格填写一个单词。 请将答案写在答题纸上相应的题号的横线上。 When JoeBates wastwelve yearsold,he lostinterest inschool Hestopped listeningin hisclasses.Some of his teachersbegan toconsider hima problem.But afew ofJoes teachersthought that Joe mighthave lostinterestinschoolwork becausehe alreadyunderstood it.They proposedthatJoetry takinga universityclass inputer science.Joe did.He wasthebeststudent in the class.Later testsshowed thathis intelligenceand knowledgewere fargreater than most childrenofhisage.He enteredthe universitywhen he was thirteen,about fouryears earlierthanmostchildren.And bythe timehewasin hisearly twenties,Joe wasteaching puterscience ata university.Joes storyshows whatcan happenwhen achilds unusualability isrecognized.Sadly,however,not allgifted children get thisrecognition.And educationalexperts sayunusually gifted children maywaste their abilities ifthey donotgethelp todevelop them.Studies showthat almosttwenty percent of studentswho failto pletehigh schoolin theUnited Statesare giftedchildren.This isbecause giftedchildren canhave specialproblems aswellasspecial abilities.Teachers maynot recognizetheirabilities,or maynot knowhow tokeep theminterested.Or theymay considersuch studentstobetrouble-makers orrebels.Gifted childrenmayfeellonely ordifferent becausethey donot knowother childrenwho sharetheir interests.Educators saythere aremorethantwo milliongiftedchildrenin theUnited Statestoday.But theysay fewerthan halfare takingpart inspecial educationprograms designedfor them.One ofthe mostsuessful programsis heldevery summerat JohnHopkins Universityinthestate ofMaryland,where JoeBates wentto school.It startedin1980when educatorssaw thatthere mustbe manychildren likeJoe.At first,only100children tookpart,now morethan1000children betweenthe agesof nineand sixteenare studentsinthesummer program.The JohnHopkins programprovides studiesin mathand science.It alsohas classesfor childrenwith unusualability