船舶专业英语课后翻译.doc

lesson3Marine Diesel船用柴油机 intermal combustion engine内燃机 combustion chamber燃烧室 principle of its operation工作原理 cylinder气缸 piston活塞 fine spray of fuel细多状燃油 crankshaft曲轴 propeller推进器 cycle循环 four-stroke diesel engine四冲程柴油机 suction进气 compression压缩 expansion膨胀 exhaust排气 tow-stroke one二冲程柴油机 bottom dead下止点exhaus排气 residual exhaus gases残留废气 top dead centre上止点 fuel inject燃油喷射 inlet ports进气口 working stroke工作冲程 reduction gerar box减速齿轮箱 alternator交流发电机 connecting rod连杆 scavenge port扫气口lesson5Fixed parts固定件 moving parts运动件 crank case曲柄箱 liner缸套和衬套cylinder cover气缸盖 cylinder block气缸体 crown活塞体 piston rod活塞杆corss head十字头 main bearing主轴承 axial thrust轴向推力 end-chock bolts端塞螺栓 driven shaft从动轴 thrust block推力块 scavenging air box扫气箱 bedplate机座 frame机架 cooling jacket冷却水套 exhaust valve排气阀 fuel valve燃油阀 starting valve气动阀 satety valve安全阀 indicator cock示功器旋塞 piston skirt活塞裙 piston ring活塞环 gasket垫圈 reciprocating movement往复运动lesson6fuel oil system燃油系统 operation and maintenance运行和维护 carbon residues残碳fuel oils viscosity燃油粘度 heavy oil重油 residual oil渣油 settling tank沉淀柜 fuel oil tank燃油柜 service tank日用柜 fine filter细滤器 pressure regulating valve压力调节阀 needle valve针阀 low tanklevel低油位报警 transfer pump输送泵 three-way valve三通阀 injector pump喷射泵 filter过滤器lesson7lubricating oil film润滑油膜 moving part运动件 mverment condition运动条件oil cooled pistons油冷式活塞 resist oxidation抗氧化total loss system总量损耗系统 circulating system循环式系统 gearing传动装置piston head活塞顶 piston ring活塞环 liner wall衬套壁reversal of direction of motion运动方向的改变 mechanical quill机械注油器crank case曲轴箱 bearing轴承 piston rod活塞杆auxiliavy equipment辅助设备 pump泵 centrifvge离心分离机lesson8fuel jetector valve燃油喷射阀 staring air valve起动空气阀 mechanical strength机械强度 internal passages内部管道 heat exchanger热交换器jacket water circulating pump气缸套冷却水循环泵 turbo-blower涡轮增压器closed system闭式系统 open sysem开式系统 head tank压力水柜sea water airculating cooler海水循环式冷却器 cavitation effect气蚀效应 air bell气囊vent port放气口 ventilation pipe透气管 branch支路 visual flow indicator可视式流量计 nozzle carbon喷嘴积碳 lubricating oil covler滑油冷却器 blind-flange盲板法兰Lesson 9舱底水：bilge 压载水：ballast 相互连接：interconnect 涨水，进水：inflow 在船上，到舷外：overboard 水密舱室：watertight compartment 应急舱底水泵：emergency bilge suction 替换物，选择对象：alternative 饮水装置：priming device 到某种程度：in some extemt 调节船舶吃水差：turn the vessel 切换阀箱：change-over chestLesson 11容积式泵：displatement pump 离心泵：centrifugal pump 往复泵：reciprocating pump 叶片泵：vane pump 齿轮泵：gear pump 旋转泵：rotary pump 离心力：centrifugal fore轴向的：axial 涡轮，涡轮机：turbine 自吸式：self-priming 啮合齿轮：meshing gears 蒸汽喷射器：steam ejector 舵机液压系统：steering gear hydraulic system 人字齿：double helical teech 大气压：atmospheric pressure 立式泵：vertical pumpLesson 13甲板机械：deck machinery 克令吊：crane 日常检验：rountine checking 锚泊设备：anchor arrangement 集装箱吊装设备厂： 锚链管：chain pipe 原动机：generator 装卸能力：cargo handling productivity 多旋转吊杆系统： multiwinch slewing derrick system 绞车卷筒：winch end 吊杆式起货装置：derrick cargo rig 安全负载：safe working load Lesson31 The diesel engine is type of internal combustion engine which ignites the fuel by injecting it into hot ,high pressure air in a combustion chamber柴油机是一种内燃机，它是通过将燃油喷射到具有高温高压气体的燃烧室从而点燃燃油。2 A charge of fresh air is drawn or pumped into the engine cylinder and then compressed by the moving piston to very high pressure新鲜空气被吸入或注满主机气缸，这时通过活塞的压缩产生很大的压力。3 The operation between two injections is called a cycle, which consists of a fixed sequence of events工作周期是指在两次喷油之间的过程，它是由一个固定顺序组成。4 The exhaust ports are uncovered also. Pressurized fresh air charges into the cylinder, blowing out any residual exhaust gases from the last stroke through the exhaust port.排气口打开，压缩空气的新鲜空气充入到气缸;来自最后一个冲程通过排气口排出一些残留废气。5 In the two-stroke engine ,each revolution of the crankshaft makes one power or working stroke , while in the four-stroke engine , it takes two revolutions to make one power stroke.在二冲程柴油机中，曲轴每转一周就做一次功或一个工作行程：而在四冲程柴油机中，曲轴每转两周才做一次功。Lesson51 We found NO.2 cylinder knocking.我们发现2号缸发生敲缸。2 All the piston rings are worn on the same side .所有的活塞环都在同一侧被磨损。3 This liner was renewed lately. But it is already worn out about 5 hundredths of one millimeter.这个衬套前不久刚更换的，但是它每毫米已经被磨损了百分之五。4 The white metal of the lower half of the crosshead bearing is squeezed out.十字头轴承下半部分的白合金被挤出来。5 The piston is a little bit inclined.这活塞有点倾斜。6 Cylinder clearance is too large.气缸间隙太大。7 The cylinder cover starting valve leaks.汽缸盖上的气动阀泄露。8 The cylinder oil one-way valve leaks.汽缸油单向阀泄露。9 A bedplate must both be strong enough and sufficiently rigid.一个机座必须拥有足够的强度和硬度。Lesson6By our estimation, there will be about one hundred and twenty tons of oil fuel oil left on board, and we are going to store it in one tank.据我们的估计，大约一百二十吨的燃油将留在船上，我们将它们储存在一个油柜里。2The fuel oil requires treatment before passing to the engine.燃油在进入主机之前需要被处理。3A typical fuel injector consists of two basic parts , the nozzle and the nozzle holder.一个典型的燃油喷射包括两个基本部分，喷嘴和喷嘴座。4Once the injector pump cuts off the high pressure fuel supply, the needle valve will shut down quickly under the spring compression force.一旦喷射泵中断高压油供应，针阀将通过弹簧的压缩迅速关闭。5 Each pump is connected to the injector, or injector , serving one cylinder.每个泵都连接一个或多个喷射器来为一个气缸服务。6Fuel must be supplied at a certain pressure if the injection pump is to function.如果喷射泵要起到作用，那么燃油必须提供足够的压力。7The relief valve both limits the feel pressure and provides continuous venting of the fuel system.减压阀为燃油系统限制流入的压力和提供持续的通风孔的泄放压力。8The quantities of fuel delivered to each cylinder is evenly distributed.大量燃油被均匀地分配到每个缸内。Lesson71 The lubrication oil temperature is too high for main engine.为主机提供的润滑油温度太高了。2 The lubrication oil is with coke.这润滑油中渗有焦炭。3 Adjust the temperature adjusting valve of lubricating oil system to mechanical demand.通过调整润滑油系统的温度调节阀来满足机械的需要。4 Adjust pressure of lubricating oil properly so that the pressure of lubricating oil is higher than the pressure of sea water in condenser.通过调整恰当地滑油压力，使滑油的压力比冷凝器中的海水压力高。5 Safe and efficient means are to be provided to ascertain the amount of fuel oil, lubricating oil or other flammable liquid left in any tank.安全和有效的方法被提供于确定燃油滑油或其他可燃液体在船舱总量。6 Main engine are to be provided with a main lubricating oil pump of sufficient capacity to maintain supply of lubricating oil at the maximum continuous output of the machinery.主机能提供一个容量足够的主滑油泵，能维持在机械装置最大的连续输出下供应滑油。7 The capacity of lubricating oil drain tanks is to be sufficient to hold the whole system .润滑油污油柜的容量能够储存全部系统的油。8 All ships are to be provided with lubricating oil storage tank having an adequate capacity .所有的船提供满足加热装置的容量。9 Lubricating oil tanks are to be provided with heating devices complying with the requirements.滑油舱能提供满足加热装置的需要。10.The lubricating oil piping is to be entirety separate from other piping system.滑油管路完全地与其他系统的管路隔开。Lesson81 Excessive heat cause damage to the engine .过高的温度将导致主机损坏。2 The engine is cooled by a closed fresh water circuit, divided into a high temperature circuit and a low temperature circuit.主机冷却是通过一个闭式淡水冷却回路冷却的。它可分为高温淡水回路和低温淡水回路。3 Most coolers used on board ship transfer heat from a hot fluid to seawater.在船上大多数的冷却器是通过热液体的热量传递给海水。4 In almost all heat exchangers, heat flows from the hot fluid to a cooling one through an intermediate heat-conductive wall.在几乎所有的热交换器热量流动穿过一个中间热传导墙从高温流体传到低温的液体。5、most marine heat exchangers are of the shell-and-tube type.大多数的主机热交换器是管壳式类型的6、If lubricating oil encounters high temperature it can burn , leaving as it does so carbon deposit.如果滑油遇到高温时就会烧掉，从而留下积碳。7、Some engines may use completely seprate systems for oil cooling of pistons and bearing lubrication.一些主机可能使用完整的独立活塞的油冷却和轴承的滑油系统8、Cooling water systems of diesel engines are to be provided with alarm devices for indicating the excess temperature.柴油机的冷却水系统提供警报装置来指示过高的温度9、In a complete central freshwater cooling system , fresh water is circulated from seawater-cooled central heat exchangers to main engine and auxiliary machinery coolers.在一个完整的中央淡水冷却系统中，淡水是从海水冷却中央热交换器中循环到主辅机的冷却器中10、When it is necessary , the main diesel engine with closed circuit fresh water cooling system is to be provided with suitable means for warming the engine before starting.在必要的时候，主柴油机将关闭淡水冷却循环系统这是为了保证主机启动前的暖缸Lesson91、The bilge main is arranged to drain any watertight compartmentoter than ballast,oil or water tanks and to discharge the contents overboard.舱底水总管用来排放除压载水舱，油或水舱外的其他任何水密舱室，并将其中的液体排出舷外2、An emergency bilge pump is required for passenger ships but many also be fitted as an extra on cargo ships.客船要求配应急污水泵，但在许多货船上这只是一个附加3、The power supply is arranged from the emergency generator.The carious pumps .and lines are interconnected to some extent so that each pump can act as an alternative or standby for another.电源是从应急发电机这里提供的，各种泵和管路子某种程度上是相连接的。以便于每台泵都可以互为备用4、The ballast system is arranged to ensure that water can be drawn from any tank or the sea and discharged to any other tank or the sea as required to trim the vessel.压载系统能确保按要求从任何一个柜或者海水中抽取，可以排到任意一个柜或者海里，从而来调节船舶的吃水差5、Some ships will have a tunnel from the engine room to NO.1 hold aft bulkhead ,forbilge, ballast and oil pipes and fittings and others will have a duct keel to carry the pipes forward.许多船上有一条隧道是从机舱通往1号货舱后隔舱壁，舱底水，压载水和油管，管件和其他管路会有一个输送管把管道向前 Lesson111、The motor for the sea water pump should be repaired.海水泵的马达应该修理2、This is a job of modification.Would you give the details of requirements?这是一个修理工作，你能否提供一些细节性的要求？3. The extent of repair on the variable stroke pump cant be determined before it is dismantled可变行程泵在拆卸之前不能确认其修理范围4. All such repair wort cant be done before the components are removed在所有的部件没被拆卸之前所有的修理工作都不能进行5、 please give me the necessary data of these turbochargers请给我这些增压器必要的数据6. Something has gone wrong with the governor调速器出现了一些问题7. The plunger of the fuel pump is jammed in the pump sleeve 燃油泵的柱塞被卡在泵的袖套上Lesson 131. Cargo winch has been in stalled. 起货绞车已经安装好了。2. Please check the windlass washers 请检查起锚机的垫片3. No load test of anchor windless 锚机没有做负载测试4. These require less time to prepare for working cargo than derricks and have the advantage of being able to accurately place cargo in the hold起货机与吊杆式的起货机相比起来这些需要准备装卸货的时间更少而且能够准确地把货物放置到货舱里面这优点5. Cargo winches are used with various derrick systems arranged for cargo handling起货绞车和用于货物装卸的各种吊杆系统一起使用6. Cranes have replaced derricks on many modern ships 在现代船上克令吊代替了吊杆式起货机7. Various items of machinery and equipment can be found outside of the machinery space在机舱的外面有各种的机器和设备8. The deck crane provides an immediately operational unit requiring only one man to operate it甲板克令吊提供一个能够马上工作的装置，只需要一个人来操作。Lesson221. One spare