情态动词用法比较表

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义 给谓语动词增添情态色彩 表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法 认为其可能 应该或 必要等 情态动词后面加动词原形 分类 情态动词有四类 只做情态动词 must can could may might 可做情态动词又可做实义动词 need dare will 具有情态动词特征 have had has to used to ought to had better 情态动词表猜测 一肯一否三不定 must 一肯 must not 一否 can could would 三不定 注 mustn t 代表强烈禁止 must 表示主观 have to 表示客观 情态动词情态动词词义词义词义解释词义解释例句例句 1may might 能否 可 否 1 表示请求和允许 might 比 may 语 气更委婉 而不是过去式 否定回答时 可用 can t 或 mustn t 表示 不可以 禁止 用 May I 征徇对方许可时比较正式 和客气 而用 Can I 在口语中更常 见 2 用于祈使句 表示祝愿 3 表示推测 可能性 不用于疑问句 might 不是过去式 它所表示的可能性 比 may 小 Can May I help you 我能帮助你吗 May I have your name 我能知道你的名字吗 He may be wrong but I m not sure 也许他错了 但我也不确定 Might May I smoke in this room No you mustn t May Might I take this book out of the room Yes you can No you can t mustn t He may might be very busy now Your mother may might not know the truth May you succeed 祈使 2Will would 决心 希望 愿望 愿 意 用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求 或询问 would 为 will 的过去式 用 would 比 will 更婉转 客气 1 表示单纯的将来 将 He will be home at six 他六点回家 将来时 2 表示意志 意愿 愿 要 You will come won t you 你会来的 是不是 3 表示经常性 习惯性 经常 惯于 总是 These things will happen 这种事总是要发生的 4 表示猜测 可能 大概 This will be the house you re looking for 这大概就是你找的那所 房子了 5 表示责任 义务 必须 一定 No one will leave the examination room before ten o clock 十点 以前谁也不能离开考场 3can could 可以 能 同意 表示说话人能 可以 同意 准许 以及客观 条件许可 could 为 can 的过去式 I can read this sentence in English 我能用英语读这句话 We can be there on time tomorrow 我们明天能按时去那儿 表推测 He must can may might know the answer to this question 他一定 可能 也许知道这个问题的答案 4Shall should 应当 允 许 1 shall 用于第一人称 征求对方的意 见 2 shall 用于第二 三人称 表示说话 人给对方的命令 警告 允诺或威胁 劝告 建议惊奇 should ought to 表示 应该 ought to 表示义务或责任 比 should 语气重 What shall we do this evening Shall we begin now 我们现在就开始吗 You shall fail if you don t work hard 警告 He shall have the book when I finish it 允诺 It s seven o clock Jack should ought to be here at any moment 现在七点钟了 杰克理应随时到达 推测 1 I should help her because she is in trouble 2 You ought to take care of the baby 5Need需要 必须 多用于疑问句和否定句 需要 必须 在肯定句中一般用 must have to ought to should 代替 needn t have 过去分词 表示过去做 了没必要做的事情 真不应 1 情态动词 多用于疑问句和否定句 需要 必须 Need you go so soon 你需要这么早走吗 You needn t come so early Need I finish the work today Yes you must No you needn t 2 实意动词 需要 有 必要 The garden needs watering 花园该浇水了 6ought to应当 应该1 should ought to 表示 应该 ought to 表示义务或责任 比 should 语气重 2 表示劝告 建议和命令 should Tom should not ought not to have told me your secret but he meant no harm 虚拟 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密 可是 他并无恶意 You ought to have been here yesterday 你昨天就应该来 ought to 可通用 但在疑问句中常用 should 3 表示推测 should ought to 客观推测 must 主 观推测 ought to have done 句型 指过去动 作 表示一件事情该做而未做 ought not to have done 句型 表示一 件不该做的事情却做了 You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading room 你不应该把书带出阅览室 I should help her because she is in trouble You ought to take care of the baby You should ought to go to class right away Should I open the window He must be home by now 断定他已到家 He ought to should be home by now 不太肯定 This is where the oil must be 直爽 This is where the oil ought to should be 含蓄 7must必须 应该 一定 准是 偏要 否定式 mustn t 意为 一 定不要 不允许 表示说话人认为有必要做某事 命令 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测 1 表示 必须 此时可用于肯定句 否定句或疑问句 用于否定句时 mustn t 的意思是 一 定不要 不能 而不表示 不必 2 表示推测 意为 准是 一定是 通常只用于肯 定句 若用于否定句或疑问句 则用 can 代之 3 表示 偏偏 对于 must 开头的一般疑问句 若作否 定回答 可以用 needn t 不用 mustn t 如 Must I clean all the rooms No you needn t 1 表示必要 命令或强制 必须 得 You mustn t talk like that 你可不能这样说话 We must be home by six 我们必须在六点以前回家 You must obey the school rules 你必须遵守校规 2 表示肯定的推测 一定是 谅必 八成 This must be your room 这一定是你的房间了 He must be eighty now 他现在八成有八十岁了 3 表示 偏偏 有时 must 可表示某事发生得不早不迟 就在某个当紧的时候 多指某些不受欢迎的事情的发生 如 The car must break down just we were starting our holidays 我们 刚刚开始休假 汽车偏偏坏了 Just when I was busy the neighbor must come and chatter 正当我 忙碌的时候 邻居偏偏过来聊天 9have to不得不 必 须 表示客观条件只能如此 而 must 则表 示主观思想必须 I know I must study hard 我知道我必须努力学习 My brother was very ill so I had to call the doctor in the mid night have to 的否 定式 don t have to 意为 不必 needn t have to 有时态三单数 如 否定句用 doesn t don t didn t have to 动词原形 must have to 的区别 1 表示必须 必要 2 must 是说话人的主观看法 而 have to 则强调客观需要 Must 只有一般现在时 在从句中可有 过去时 have to 有更多的时态形式 3 表示推测 可能性 只用于肯定的 陈述句 我弟弟病得厉害 我只得半夜里把医生请来 I haven t got any money with me so I ll have to borrow some from my friend 我身上没带钱 只好向朋友借点了 与 must 的区分 You must come in time 在回答引出的问句时 如果是否定的 不能用 mustn t 禁止 不准 而用 needn t don t have to 不必 Must we hand in our exercise books today Yes you must No you don t have to you needn t he play isn t interesting I really must go now I had to work when I was your age You re Tom s good friend so you must know what he likes best Your mother must be waiting for you now 8had better 同 had best 最好 had better not 最好别 1 He had better stay in bed tomorrow 他最好明天卧床休息 2 You had better not say it again 你最好不要再提那件事了 10would rather宁愿 宁 可 意为 宁愿 表选择 1 Would you rather work on a farm 2 Wouldn t you rather stay here No I would not I d rather go there 11used to过去常常 usedn t to 过去不常 used to do 表示过去常常做某事 而现 在往往不做了 used to 与 would 的用法比较 1 两者都表示过去的习惯 当表示过 去习惯性的动作时 可互换 如 When we were children we would used to go skating every winter 我们小时候 每年冬天都去溜冰 2 若表示过去持续的状态 通常只用 used to 不用 would 如 I used to write poetry when I was young 我年轻时常常写诗 Do you play golf No but I used to 你打高尔夫球吗 不 打 但我过去打 You used to go there usedn t didn t you 你过去常到那儿去 是吗 Where did you use to live 你过去是住哪儿的 He usedn t didn t use to come 他过去不常来 He used to like you 他原来还是喜欢你 的 3 若要强调过去与现在的对比 也通 常只用 used to 如 I don t smoke these days but I used to 我现在不抽烟 但我以前是抽的 I used to drive to work but now I cycle 过去我常驾车上班 但我现在骑自行车 12dare敢 竟敢dare 作情态动词用时 常用于疑问句 否定句和条件从句中 过去式形式为 dared 除用作情态动词外 更多的是当实义动 词使用 用法同实义动词一样 要考虑人 称 单复数 时态等 情态动词 1 敢 竟敢 How dare you ask me such a question 你怎敢问我这样的问题 My younger sister dare not go out alone 我妹妹不敢单独出去 If we dared not go there that day we couldn t get the beautiful flowers 如果那天我们没敢去那儿 那么我们不能得到鲜花 及物动词 2 敢 胆敢 He did not dare to leave his car there 他不敢把车停放在那里 模拟试题模拟试题 答题时间 30 分钟 单项选择 1 John come to see us tonight but he isn t very sure yet A mayB can C has toD must 2 They do well in the exam A can be able toB be able toC can able to D are able to 3 May I take this book out No you A can t B may not C needn t D aren t 4 You go and see a doctor at once because you re got a fever A can B must C dare D would 5 Can you speak Japanese No I A mustn t B can t C needn t D may not 6 He be in the classroom I think No he be in the classroom I saw him go home a minute ago A can may not B must may not C may can t D may mustn t 7 Shall I get one more cake for you Dad Thanks but you I ve had enough A may not B must not C can t D needn t 8 Even the top students in our class can t work out this problem so it be very difficult A may B must C can D need 9 He isn t at school I think he be ill A can B shall C must D has to 10 I take this one A May B Will C Are D Do 11 The children play football on the road A can t B can C mustn t D must 12 You be late for school again next time A mustn t B needn t C don t have to D don t need to 13 Must I do my homework at once No you A needn t B mustn t C can t D may not 14 His arm is all right He go and see the doctor A has not to B don t have toC haven t to D doesn t have to 15 He had to give up the plan he A did B didn t C does D doesn t 16 They had to walk here they A mustn t B did C didn t D hadn t 17 He had better stay here he A didn t B don t C hadn t D isn t 18 You d better late next time A not to be B not be C won t be D don t be 19 You d better your hair once a month A had cut B had cutted C have cut D have cutted 20 You ask that man over there Maybe he knows the way A had better not toB had not better C had better D had better not 21 Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunda