高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解基础编选（二）1.doc

湖北黄梅县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解基础编选（二）阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2014绍兴统考)When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science. Robert Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, and Jennifer Leonard of the Smithsonian Institute, used DNA materialsome of it unearthed by miners in Alaskato conclude that todays domestic dog originated in Asia and accompanied the first humans to the New World about 10, 000 to 15, 000 years ago. Wayne suggests that mans best friend may have enabled the tough journey from Asia into North America. “Dogs may have been the reason people made it across the land bridge, ”said Wayne. “They can pull things, carry things, defend you from fierce animals, and theyre useful to eat. ”Researchers have agreed that todays dog is the result of the domestication(驯化)of wolves thousands of years ago. Before this recent study, a common thought about the precise origin of North Americas domestic dog was that Natives domesticated local wolves, the descendants(后代)of which now live with people in Alaska, Canada, and the Lower 48. Dog remains from a Fairbanks-area gold mine helped the scientists reach their conclusion. Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost(永冻层)until Fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s. The miners donated the preserved bones to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, where they remained untouched for more than 70 years. After borrowing the bones from the museum, Leonard and her colleagues used radiocarbon techniques to find the age of the Alaska dogs. They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. “The bones of dogs that wandered the Fairbanks area centuries ago should therefore be the remains of pure native American dogs, ”Leonard said. The DNA of the Fairbanks dogs would also expose whether they were the descendants of wolves from North America. Along with the Fairbanks samples, the researchers collected DNA from bones of 37 dog specimens(标本)from Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia that existed before the arrival of Columbus. In the case of both the Alaska dogs and the dogs from Latin America, the researchers found that they shared the most genetic material with gray wolves of Europe and Asia. This supports the idea of domestic dogs entering the New World with the first human explorers who wandered east over the land bridge. Leonard and Waynes study suggests that dogs joined the first humans that made the adventure across the Bering Land Bridge to slowly populate the Americas. Wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along. “Dogs must have been useful because they were expensive to keep, ”Wayne said. “They didnt feed on mice; they fed on meat, which was a very guarded resource. ”【文章大意】本文是科普性文章。说明了在几千年前狗陪同人们一起跨过白令大陆桥进入北美大陆, 并且在此繁殖起来。而通过检测发掘出的狗骨头的DNA也证实了这一点。1. The underlined word“remains”is closest in meaning to“”. A. leftover foodB. animal wasteC. dead bodiesD. living environment【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句话“Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost”说明是在永冻层发现的狗的骨头, 所以remains应该是尸体。故C正确。2. According to the study described in Paragraph 4, we can learn that. A. ancient dogs entered North America between 1450 and 1675 A. D. B. the 11 bones of ancient dogs are not from native American dogsC. the bones discovered by the gold miners were from North American wolvesD. the bones studied were not from dogs brought into North America by Europeans【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据“They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. . . ”可判断出被研究的骨头不是欧洲人带到北美的狗的骨头。所以D正确。3. What can we know from the passage? A. Native Americans domesticated local wolves into dogs. B. Scientists discovered some ancient dog remains in the 1920s. C. Latin Americas dogs are different from North Americas in genes. D. Ancient dogs entered North America across the Bering Land Bridge. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段“When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science. ”可知D正确。4. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. The origin of the North American dogs. B. The DNA study of ancient dogs in America. C. The reasons why early people entered America. D. The difference between Asian and American dogs. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。文章第一段提到狗和人们一同跨过the Bering Land Bridge, 第二、三、四、五段研究狗的DNA“to conclude that todays domestic dog originated in Asia”, “Researchers have agreed that todays dog is the result of the domestication of wolves thousands of years ago”, 所以文章中心是谈论北美的狗的起源。【2014高考英语安徽省皖南八校二模】E阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。 There are always minorities, either people or enterprises, that have absolute advantage（绝对优势）in a field; the majority apply their comparative advantage（相对优势） to professions where they do their best to be effective players . Based on comparative advantage, different divisions are formed as international trade and the globalized economy develop. Oranges are flourishing in Florida in the United States, for example, shoes are made perfectly in Wenzhou of China, and people in both areas need oranges and shoes. In Wenzhou, one could try to create an artificial environment for orange trees of an international standard, and in Florida workers could be trained to make shoes as effectively as workers in Wenzhou using the same resources. However, the costs would be too high. The best solution, therefore, is to allow each location to specialize in its own product, producing enough to meet local needs and exporting the rest. As a result, people in both areas end up with lower cost and higher quality goods than if each tried to produce both. It is obvious that absolute advantage occurs in this process. However, absolute advantage may not necessarily apply everywhere. For instance, I know a capable company boss, who is also an expert in private cars and very skillful at changing car oil, even more efficiently than a mechanic, But, almost every time he drives his car to a garage to have the oil changed by a mechanic since he believes he can use the time to do something more valuable. What he uses here is his comparative advantage rather than absolute advantage. The same theory may also apply to individual careers. You may not be the best in a certain area, but still have a comparative advantage, which will not be reduced in relation to others absolute advantage, and you can still find an advantaged position in which your disadvantage is smaller relative to others. An ordinary talent can, therefore, achieve outstanding results by rightfully exploring his or her comparative advantage. In this sense, we may say that comparative advantage really works.72.From the example about orange in Florida and shoes in Wenzhou ,we can draw the conclusion that _.A. the field in Wenzhou can be improved to grow oranges .B. Florida workers could be trained to make shoes .C. we should fully use our absolute advantage in our advantaged field.D. our comparative advantage is equal to our absolute one as to making fortunes .73.Why doesnt the capable company boss change his car oil himself ? _A. The mechanic is more efficient than him .B. He neednt do it by himself for his riches.C. He would rather do something more valuable .D. Changing oil is beyond his ability.74.Which of the following is right according to paragraph 4. ? _A. You should use your absolute advantage in your work definitely .B. You must work hard to improve your absolute advantage to be the best worker .C. If others absolute advantage is larger , your comparative advantage is smaller .D. Sometimes you may still use your comparative advantage to find your advantaged position .75.This article can be entitled “_”.A. The Advantage of Comparative Advantage.B. The Advantage of Absolute AdvantageC. Absolute Advantagethe secret to make different talents D. Comparative Advantagethe way to achieve outstanding results【参考答案】E篇 CCDA【2012广东省深圳高级中学】A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。As any homemaker who has tried to keep order at the dinner table knows, there is far more to a family meal than food. Sociologist Michael Lewis has been studying 50 families to find out just how much more. The study also provides an explanation for why middle children often seem to have a harder time in life than their siblings. Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and the youngest, who needs the most attention. “Middle children are invisible,” says Lewis. “When you see someone get up from the table and walk around during dinner, chances are that its the middle child. ” There is, however, one thing that stops all conversation and prevents anyone from having attention: “When the TV is on,” Lewis says, “dinner is a non-event. ”26. The writers purpose in writing the text is to _. A. show the relationship between parents and childrenB. teach parents ways to keep order at the dinner tableC. report on the findings of a studyD. give information about family problems27. Parents with large families ask fewer questions at dinner because_. A. they are busy serving food to their childrenB. they are busy keeping order at the dinner tableC. they have to pay more attention to younger childrenD. they are tired out having prepared food for the whole family28. By saying “Middle children are invisible” in paragraph 3, Lewis means that middle children_. A. have to help their parents to serve dinnerB. get the least attention from the familyC. are often kept away from the dinner tableD. find it hard to keep up with other children29. Lewis research provides an answer to the question_. A. why TV is important in family lifeB. why parents should keep good orderC. why children in small families seem to be quieterD. why middle children seem to have more difficulties in life30. Which of the following statements would the writer agree to?A. It is important to have the right food for children. B. It is a good idea to have the TV on during dinner. C. Parents should talk to each of their children frequently. D. Elder children should help the younger ones at dinner【参考答案】2630 CBBDC 【2012广东省深圳高级中学】BTaiwan police cannot decide whether to treat it as an extremely clever act of stealing or an even cleverer cheat (诈骗). Either way, it could be the perfect crime (犯罪), because the criminals are birds-horning pigeons! There have been at least four such pigeon pick-ups in Changwa. What at first seemed like the work of a clever stay-at-home car thief, however, may in fact be the work of an even lazier and more inventive criminal mind-one that avoids not only collecting money but going out to steal the car in the first place. Police officer Chen says that the criminal probably has played a double trick: he gets money for things he cannot possibly return. Instead of stealing cars, he lets someone else do it and then waits for the car-owner to place an ad in the newspaper asking for help. The theory is supported by the fact that, so far, none of the stolen cars have been returned. Also, the amount of money demanded-under 3,000 Taiwanese dollars-seems too little for a car worth many times more. Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. “We have more important things to do,” he said. 31. After the car owner received a phone call, he _. A. went to a certain pigeon and put some money in the bag it carried B. gave the money to the thief and had his car back in a park C. sent some money to the thief by mailD. told the press about it 32. The “lazier and more inventive” criminal refers to _. A. the car thief who stays at homeB. one of those who put the ads in the paper C. one of the policemen in ChangwaD. the owner of the pigeons 33. The writer mentions the fact that “none of the stolen cars have been returned” to show _. A. how easily people get fooled by criminalsB. what Chen thinks might be correct C. the thief is extremely cleverD. the money paid is too little34. The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to _. A. criminals B. pigeonsC. the stolen cars D. demands for money 35. We may infer from the text that the criminal knows how to reach the car owners because . A. he reads the ads in the newspaper B. he lives in the same neighborhood C. he has seen the car owners in the park D. he has trained the pigeons to follow them【参考答案】3135 ADBDA 【2014高考英语安徽省联考模拟试题】A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant love others until you love yourself. Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, youve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that were the apple of our parents eyes, and that our Grandmas think were great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics. But sometimes its a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.Self-image is your own minds picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your success. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Dont allow doub