上海中考英语首字母填空专项练习

模块十九 首字母填空模块十九 首字母填空 一 首字母填空解题技巧一 首字母填空解题技巧 首字母填空是阅读体中的一个重点和难点 但是只要掌握良好的解题技巧 静下心来 认真对待 细心捉摸就一定能攻克这一堡垒 在做这道题是一般应该把握好如下步骤 1 通读全文 理解短文大意 判断需填选项的词性 同时将一眼能够得出的答案迅速填上 2 在理解作者的写作意图上进行换位思考 把自己想象成作者去努力使文章完整 通顺 对于一下子拿不定主意的空项要及时跳过 而不能在上面纠缠 因为往往后面的内容会给 予更好的提示 3 进一步阅读全文 力求整篇文章完整通顺 且符合情理 否则宁缺勿乱 4 检查每一个答案的正确性 包括名词的数 动词的时态 形容词和副词的准确运用等等 二 例题分析 二 例题分析 A The earth moves round the s 1 When our part of the earth turns to the sun it is d 2 When our part of the earth turns a 3 from the sun it is night The sun is much bigger than the moon But sometimes the moon looks bigger than the sun because it is much n 4 to the earth The sun is very bright It gives very strong l 5 The moon looks quite bright but it d 6 give any light at all The light from the moon comes f 7 the sun The moon looks much bigger and brighter t 8 the stars But in fact the stars are a lot bigger and brighter than the m 9 They look smaller than the moon because they are f 10 away from the earth 解题指导 本文是一篇科普文章 第一段说明了地球因自转而产生昼夜交替 第二 四两段说明 了人们观看月亮 太阳和星星时发生的近大远小的视觉现象 第三段说明了太阳与月亮发 光与反光的特征 本文每一个考点都是对天文知识的考查 因此 没有一定的天文常识 则不易读懂本文 更不用说解题了 近年来 中考完形填空的题材趋于多样化 人物 科 普 史地 故事 政治 经济 风土人情 均为选材范围 这就要求考生知识广博 视野 开阔 广泛涉猎 答案及简析 1 sun 地球围绕太阳运转是天文常识 2 day 地球面对太阳的半个球面是白天 3 away turn away from 意为 背离 地球上背对太阳的一面是夜晚 4 nearer much 后接比较级 和太阳比起来月亮离地球近多了 5 light give light 意为 发光 太阳是发光体 6 doesn t 月亮不发光 7 from 月亮反射太阳的光 人们所看到的月亮的光来自于太阳 8 than 由空前的 bigger and brighter 可知 此处应填表示比较的连词 than 9 moon 根据文意 下句的 they 代指空格所在句子的主语 the stars 因此两句中 t han 后的应是同一物 即 moon 10 farther 恒星看起来比月亮小 是因为它们离地球比月亮远 从句中的 than th e moon 承前省略 此空仍应该用比较级 B Dogs are good pets They are very f 1 to people and also very beautiful Most dogs get on very well with c 2 and their parents Others are good watch dogs because they cry loudly when a s 3arrives When you buy a dog an important thing to think about is its s 4 buy a small dog if your home is small and a bigger one if y 5 is larger Many people don t know how much to feed their dogs Dogs eat a 6 anything They like meat rice and lots of other things You can buy lots of food m 7 for dogs in shops Don t let your dogs eat too much Feed it only once a day Always l 8 water for your dog It can get thirsty very quickly especially in s 9 Remember that dogs need e 10 You should take it for a walk every day Don t keep your dog inside all day 解题指导 本文最突出的一个特点就是决大多数需填词的后面都有一句或两句话的内容是对所填词的 内容进行补充说明的 因此 同学们在做这种类型的题时 一定要注意分析上下文的内容 进行推理和归纳 正确的理解句意 最后决定出最佳的词及其正确形式 答案及简析 1 friendly 人们之所以把狗作为宠物来养 主要是因为它们比较通人性 且对人很 友好 能给人们带来欢乐 根据 be very f 1 to people 来分析 此空应填一个形 容词 表明狗对人的态度 friend 是名词 friendly 是形容词 故 friendly 是正确答案 2 children 宠物狗自然是在家中养 它们除了听主人的话以外 与家中的小主人 即孩子也是好朋友 由于是指大多数家庭的情况 并受 their 一词的提示 此处应填 孩 子 的复数形式 即 children 3 stranger 狗的天性是护家 文中的 watch dogs 意为 看家狗 专门指有生人来 时发出叫喊的狗 生人 在英文中即为 stranger 4 size 这个空略微有点难 一是 size 一词平时用得较少 二是一般家庭都养小型 犬 供狗活动的空间一般不成问题 因此 对狗的体积问题考虑的较少 从后面的句子来 看 此处是在谈狗的体积的问题 如果你的家小 就买一只小狗 如果你的家大 就 买一只大狗 5 yours 这是一个名词性物主代词 代替上半句的 your home 此句完整的说法应 是 buy a small dog if your home is small and buy a bigger one if your home is l arger 为避免词的重复使用 在英文句子中常用名词性物主代词代替前面的那个名词 6 almost 狗几乎什么都吃 这一点我们从日常生活中也都知道 而且本句话的 后面也进行了进一步的解释说明 他们喜欢吃肉 米饭和其它的东西 7 made 这是 make 的过去分词 在这里与 for dogs 一起做定语 修饰 food 整句 的意思是 你可以在食品店买到许多为狗做的食物 这个空也是一个难点 若没有正确理 解句意 很容易写成 meat 8 leave 有养狗经验的同学都知道 每天一定要给狗留下供它喝的水 狗是靠舌头 来散热的 因此它极易渴 特别是在夏天 9 summer 如果了解了狗的这一生理功能 靠舌头来散热 就不难填出 summer 一词 10 exercise 如果想让狗养成好习惯并不生病的话 就必须每天带它出去散步 从 下面的句子 You should take it for a walk every day Don t keep your dog inside all day 来看 说明狗也需要运动 exercise 当 运动 讲时 是一个不可数名词 不 能在词尾加 s 基础题 1 A driver stopped his car on a street side to have a rest He lay down in the seat and c his eyes A man came up and k at the window to ask the time The driver o his eyes and looked at his watch It s 8 am he said Then he went to sleep again But soon he woke up b a second person was knocking at the window Sir do you have the time he asked The driver looked at his watch again and told the man it was 8 30am At this rate he could not have a good rest so he wrote a short n and put it upon the window for all to see It s I don t have the time Again the man lay down in the seat for his sleep A few minutes later a t person came along and began knocking at the window Hay sir he said It is a quarter to nine Keys closed knocked opened because note said third 2 It was Sunday I never get up e on Sundays I sometime s in bed until lunch time Last Sunday I got up very l I looked out of the window It was d outside What a day I thought It is raining again Just then the telephone rang It was my Aunt Lucy I have just arrived by train she said I am c to see you But I am s having my breakfast I said What are you doing she asked I am having breakfast I r Dear me she said Do you always get up so late It s one o clock Keys early stay late dark coming still replied 3 Until a few years ago only boys could become s at the University of Ruritania 鲁里坦 尼亚 Later the university decided to take girls in But one of the teachers Mr Goller was not pleased at all He had not wanted to l girl students in Mr Goiter always began his lesson with the word Gentlemen What could he do now Well when the girt students came to his lesson for the f time he still began with the word For him the girls were j not there Then one day there was only one boy in his class among a lot of girls For a moment Mr Goller didn t k what to do Then he began Sir F a terrible day came when there were no boys in his class He came into the room looked at the girls and said Oh nobody s here today He turned and went out w giving his lessons Keys students let first just know finally without 4 In 1995 Ray Kroc v a small restaurant in California The o of it was the McDonald brothers They built it b the road so people could drive up to the restaurant buy food without g out of their cars and drive away easily They called it drive in restaurant Ray Kroc saw the bright f of the restaurant of this kind He bought the restaurant and used the brothers family name for his new r The first McDonald s restaurant chain was born Now in the United States there are more than 5 000 restaurants and it has its chain restaurants in 60 other countries The l McDonald s restaurant is in Beijing China It has 1 000 workers About 700 people can sit and eat there at one time Keys visited owners beside going future restaurant largest 5 Millions and millions of years ago the world was much w than it is now There was never any winter or snow Warm rain fell on the land Even the sea was warm In this warm world lived some beasts called dinosaurs They were the kings of the world for a long time In the days of the dinosaurs there were no human beings So no man has ever seen a r dinosaur But we found a lot about the dinosaurs after years of study Some dinosaurs lived near the water w some lived on land Some ate only plants and some ate other a After millions of years something h to the dinosaurs They began to die out at once No one knows what happened But we know that the world grew a little colder Maybe the dinosaurs could live when it was very warm and they died out when it became cold But we are not sure All we know is that the dinosaurs were the kings of the world for a long time And no animals like them have ever been seen a Keys warmer real while animals happened once again 6 A woman saw three old men sitting in front of the house She said You must be h come in and have something to eat We do not go into a house together they replied Why is that asked the woman One of the old men e His name is Wealth this is Success and I am Love Then he went on to say Now go in and discuss with your husband which one of us you want in your home Then the woman went in and told her husband what was said Her husband said Let s invite Wealth Let him come and fill our home with wealth His wife d My dear why don t we invite Success Then the daughter made a s Would it be better to invite Love Our home will then be filled with love Let s take our daughter s advice said the father Love got up and started walking toward the house The other two also got up and f him Surprised the lady asked Wealth and Success I only invite Love Why are you coming in with him The old men answered t If you had invited Wealth or Success the other two of us would have stayed out s you invited Love there is also Wealth and Success Keys hungry explained disagreed suggestion followed together since 7 When you want to go s decide how much money you can s on new clothes Think about the kind of clothes you really need Then look for those clothes on sale There are labels 标签 inside all new clothes The labels tell you how to take care of your clothes The label for a shirt may tell you to wash it in w water A sweater label may tell you to wash it in cold water The label on a coat may say dry clean only If you do as the d say on the label you can keep your clothes looking their best Many clothes must be dry cleaned Dry cleaning is expensive When buying new clothes check to see if they will need to be dry cleaned You will save money if you buy clothes that can be washed You can save money if you buy clothes that are well made Well made clothes l longer They look good even after they have been washed many times Clothes that c more money are not always better made They do not always fit better Sometimes l expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes Keys shopping spend warm directions money last cost less 8 When Albert Einstein started to work in America someone asked him what he needed He said he needed a desk some paper and pencils He also asked for a big waste paper basket to hold a of his mistakes This meant that he knew even the cleverest man in the world can only learn by making m Einstein regarded time as something very i He never wore socks and he thought p on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes He also thought it was a waste of time remembering things that could quickly be found in a b That is w he never remembered his own phone number which was in the phone book He knew what was worth remembering It is that if we are going to do great things in our lives we cannot waste our time Einstein liked to j too Once in an examination a student asked him why all the questions were the same as last year s Einstein said the questions were the same but the answers were d Keys any mistakes important putting book why true joke different 9 Now satellites are to forecast the weather They are in s and they can reach any part of the world The satellites take the pictures of the atmosphere because this is where the weather forms They send these pictures to the weather station So the scientists there can see the weather of any part of the world and tell how the weather will c Today n 500 weather stations in 60 countries can receive satellite pictures When they receive the new pictures they compare them with the e ones Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed d the last few hours This may m that the weather on the ground may soon change too In their next weather forecast they can tell people about it So the weather satellites are of great h to the scientists at the station In the past they could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours Now they can make good forecast for 3 or 5 days Soon perhaps they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or m ahead Keys space change nearly earlier during mean help more 10 Most parents always think that they have offered the best things they can to make their children live in a c world They buy their children pretty clothes cool shoes strange but e school things and a thousand yuan cost bike They think that they have done e they can for their dear little children In they only want their children to give them good results in the examinations But their little children still can t understand them Why Does it m that they still want more material things No As a matter of fact what they want is a true family What does a true family mean I think it means a place where we can hide o from the outside cold world From here we can get warmth We can get consolation 安慰 and we can get h And one important thing is that we should be stronger and more confident in the outside world because we know that we have a family Keys comfortable expensive everything return mean ourselves help 11 In Spain there once l a king and he was very fond of joke I will give a bag full of gold he said to the person who can tell me the best story There is only one r it must be a story which I can not believe If I can believe it then I won t give away the bag of gold People came to the king from all parts of the c They brought strange and w stories The king sat in his palace and listen to all the stories He e them very much but to each person he said I can believe that story It could h and it may be true So I won t give you the bag of gold At last a poor old man came to the palace He was carrying a huge stone jar The old man went into the king s room and said Oh King your good father was once a poor man and my father was rich They were very good friends My father gave your father a large bag like this one and it was full of gold Your father p to give back the gold when he became rich But he didn t give it back Now I am poor and you are rich And I want the gold The king didn t believe the story and he had to give the poor old man the bag of gold Keys lived joke country wonderful enjoyed happen promised 12 Dear Smith Thank you very much for your letter I am glad that you enjoyed your h with me We enjoyed having you and your sister here We hope that you will b be able to come again next year Perhaps you ll be able to s longer next time you come A week is not really long e is it If your school has five weeks holiday next year perhaps you will be able to stay with us for two or three weeks We have been long b at school for three weeks It feels like three months I know that you are working very hard now that you are in Grade One I shall have to work hard next year when I am in Grade One Tom and Ann went for a picnic yesterday but I did not go with them b I cut my foot and I couldn t walk very well They went to an island and enjoyed themselves there Do you still remember the island That is where all five of us s the last day of our holiday We send our best wishes to Betty and you We hope to see you soon Yours sincerely Michael KEYS holiday both stay enough back because spent 13 We know the mosquito very well Mosquitoes fly everywhere They can be found almost all over the world and there are more than 2 500 k of them No one 1 the mosquito But the mosquito may decide what she loves She Yes she It is true that male mosquito doesn t bite and only the female mosquito bites because she needs blood to lay e She is always looking for things or p she wants to bite If she likes what she finds she bites But if she doesn t like your blood she will turn to someone e for more delicious blood Next time a mosquito bites you just remember you are c You are different from the others If the mosquito likes you she lands on your body w letting you know She bites you so quickly and q that you may not feel anything different Keys kind likes eggs people else chosen without quietly 14 My grandfather was a teacher He was the headmaster of a school for boys between the ages of thirteen and eighteen I know that he was a kind man when I was young and he was old he gave me presents and sat me on his k and told me s But I believe the boys at his school were a of him At school when he walked into a room full of naughty boys they stopped t at once When he looked at a boy with a certain look in his eyes that boy was red in the face and looked down at his s If a boy brought him p homework my grandfather would pick up the boy s book and throw it across the room shouting Do it again and bring it back first thing in the morning If the boy was late or if he f to bring his work he had to do it again and again and yet again Keys knees stories afraid talking shoes poor forgot 15 No one knows why we sleep but it is certain that we need to People who are prevented from sleeping begin to suffer obvious effects after a few days they think l clearly and they fall asleep d the working hours There are no rules about sleep Generally speaking grown ups sleep about 7 and a half hours each night and probably more than 60 get b seven and eight hours But perhaps eight percent are quite happy with 5 hours or less and four percent or so feel that they want ten hours or more If you feel all right you are probably getting e sleep The important thing is not how much other people get Their need may be different Exercise doesn t seem to increase the need for sleep Office workers for example sleep for about as long as people doing physically active work C sleep more than grown ups do Sleep patterns also tend to be different in the old people who may sleep less at night than they did w they were younger They find sleep getting more broken and often make it a rest to sleep during the d Keys less during between enough Children when daytime 16 The police do many things for us They help keep our things and us safe They help keep cars m safely They take care of people who are h then they see these people get to a doctor The police go around town to see that everything is all right They get around town in many w Some of them walk or go by car In some big cities some of the police e ride on horses It is strange to see these animals in the street As they go around town the police help people Sometimes they find 1 children They take the children home If the police see a fight they put an end to it right away Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a p in town The police can always tell the people which way to go They know all the streets and roads well Some police stand at crossings They tell the cars when to go and when to stop They make sure that the cars do not go too fast They help children cross the street They also help people who can t walk too well W the police our streets would not be safe Cars might go t