2018年浙江省高考新题型概要写作训练及指导

概要写作概要写作 考纲解读 提供一篇 350 词以内的短文 要求考生基于该短文写出一篇 60 词左右的内容概要 原题分析 1 原文材料 350 词以内 概要写作 40 80 词 2 原文以说明文 议论文为主 3 概要 基本就是段落大意 每段用一句话概括 或者两段一个大意 最多用两句话概括 4 要着重训练自己文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的归纳概括能力 写作注意事项 1 找关键词和主题句 准确理解 分析原文要点 归纳段落大意 2 各要点的表达要相对独立 3 各要点之间要有适当的衔接 4 句型力求简单 每句话要表意明白 无空泛 笼统 含混之词 5 尽量使用短句 慎用长难句 例如 尽量少用关系代词 which who 等引导的定语从句 而 采用 ing 形式和 ed 形式作定语 6 多使用概括性词语 少用具体描述性词语 概要模板及句型 1 表示文章的内容以及研究目的 This paper is aimed at covers mainly deals with The article focuses on the topic of 2 表示研究的结论 The result showed that The author found that It was concluded that 3 表示推荐 观点或建议 The author suggests considers that Suggestions are made for 实战演练 1 阅读下面短文 根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要 As most children return to school many affluent families are choosing to pull their children out of the mainstream education system altogether in favor of having a tutor at home Around 50 percent of the inquiries we re getting at the moment are for long term daily home tutoring Steve Spriggs managing director of London based private tutoring service And he adds the trend has grown from families asking for personal tutors to replicate the classroom environment in their own homes Many families that were making the inquiries for full time home tutors Spriggs said were either travelling so frequently that sending their children to one school was impractical and others did not want their children to go into boarding school Home tutoring is nothing new and many tuition firms also offer extra tutoring services to families wanting their children to have a little extra help learning ahead of entrance exams at competitive private schools in the U K such as Harrow St Pauls or Eton We always make it clear to parents that we will only offer full time home schooling for a year though Spriggs explained Any more than a year and children start to lose out on what a school environment can give them such as social skills and that vital interaction they need although we try to mitigate that anyway in our home tutoring with sports clubs of museum trips as part of the teaching program Spriggs said that the costs of hiring a full time tutor would exceed the fees of a top boarding school which usually charge around 35 000 54 400 a year Some families employ two full time tutors one to cover humanities and the other to cover science and maths Devising an educational plan for youngsters in these situations is not a quick process however taking up to six weeks to plan Spriggs said with a tutor being matched to the child to ensure they are compatible 参考范文 参考范文 Home tutoring isn t rare in society Some rich families choose full time tutors because of frequent travelling or because they don t want their children to go into boarding school 要点要点 1 Meanwhile to perform better in entrance exams some children need extra tutoring services 要点要点 2 Some tuition firms add some activities to improve the social skills of the children 要点要点 3 Although the costs of home tutoring are high some families still employ two full time tutors to ensure their children can gain balanced development 要点要点 4 实战演练 2 阅读下面短文 根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要 Getting rid of dirt in the opinion of most people is a good thing However there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt In the early 16th century people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths By 1538 the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom So did the king of England in 1546 Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way Henry King of France was famously dirty Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath the king ordered that to avoid the attack of disease the nobleman should not go out Though the belief in the merit 好处 of dirt was long lived dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century Scientifically speaking cleaning away dirt is good to health Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease Yet it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea clothes need to be whiter than white cloths ever softer surfaces to shine Has the hate for dirt however gone too far Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays Many first time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt which might be responsible for the spread of disease On the contrary Mary Ruebush an American immunologist 免疫学家 encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system And the latter 后者 position is gaining some ground 参考范文 People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin 要点 1 For a long time in history people of some European countries such as France believed that dirt protected people from getting ill 要点 2 However people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy 要点 3 However some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system 要点 4 附 概要写作评分原则及给分范围 一 评分原则 1 本题总分为 25 分 按 5 个档次给分 2 评分时 先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次 然后以该档次的要求来衡量 确定或调整档次 最后给分 3 词数少于 40 的和多于 80 的 从总分中减去 2 分 4 评分时 应主要从以下四个方面考虑 1 对原文要点的理解和呈现情况 2 应用语法结构和词汇的准确性 3 上下文的连贯性 4 对各要点表达的独立性情况 5 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面 评分时 应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑 6 如书写较差以致影响交际 可将分数降低一个档次 二 各档次的给分范围和要求 档次描述 第五档 21 25 理解准确 涵盖全部要点 能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分 使所完成的概要结构紧凑 完全使用自己的语言 第四档 16 20 理解准确 涵盖绝大部分要点 所使用语法结构和词汇可能有些许错误 但完全不影响意义 表达 比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分 使所完成的概要结构 紧凑