嵌入式系统设计在只能工业自动化中的应用

Embedded Systems Design in Intelligent Industrial Automation Luca Ferrarini 1 Jose L Martinez Lastra 2 Allan Martel 3 Antonio Valentini 4 and Valeriy Vyatkin5 1 Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione Politecnico di Milano Milano 20133 Italy 2 Department of Production Engineering Tampere University of Technology 33101 Tampere Finland 3 O3neida Inc 135 Dunbarton Court Ottawa Ontario Canada K1K 4L6 4 O3neida Europe 42 rue de l Eglise 1150 Brussels Belgium 5 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand Correspondence should be addressed to Valeriy Vyatkin v vyatkin auckland ac nz Received 16 January 2008 Accepted 16 January 2008 Copyright 2008 Luca Ferrarini et al This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited Industrial automation IA is the vast area of embedded computing devoted to industrial applications Apart from many tailored solutions numerical controllers hardware controllers etc the scene is dominated by programmable logic controll rs widely known by the abbreviation PLC which represent the most wide spread class of embedded computing platforms In the past the progress in embedded technologies has determined qualitative breakthroughs in the performance of automation systems their affordability and efficiency of thir design Intelligent industrial automation IIA has appeared as a branch of research and development answering the challenges of flexible and adaptive manufacturing which require mass customization instead of mass production It stipulates the use of information and communication technology ICT methods and tools for creating self configurable or easily reconfigurable control systems to automate manufacturing processes The automation systems need to go beyond being a collection of networking PLCs they should be intelligent in the way that they interact and behave and how they are used by a range of people from control engineers to maintenance technicians That is why the newly emerging trends in automation deal with service oriented architectures knowledge engineering and Web services Most solutions to safety and predictive maintenance issues are implemented nowadays by such novel embedded solutions as wireless smart sensor networks Automation systems research faces the same significant challenges as does the embedded systems world of which itis an integral part One of these is the quest for integrated high level design methods languages and tools 1 In the automation domain this has translated into the development of component based software architectures supporting visual programming such as the IEC 61499 standard 2 and strategies for controlling distributed applications 3 The challenges of designing these applications using embedded technologies are also contributing to the development of the embedded technologies themselves in turn giving rise to new challenges This special issue is organized in collaboration with O3neida 4 the global organization operating as a network of networks to promote distributed industrial automation based upon open standards Taking the O3neida perspective of the IA value added chain 5 means that an IA solution developed or deployed by any organization must include an analysis of the implications on the company s internal processes on the management of its extended supply chain all within the context of the complete product life cycle O3neida has recently extended its interest into new research intensive application areas of IIA such as i energy management ii building automation iii health over Internet protocol HoIP O3neida facilitates collaboration of industrial academic and research organizations by providing collaborative frameworks within which to conduct national and international research and development projects It also helps with knowledge transfer by supporting new publication initiatives such as this special issue or a series of industrial automation books recently launched with the Instrumentation Society of America O3neida also works to develop and promulgate the international standards required to promote interoperable intelligent solutions in automation For example the joint paper 3 demonstrates collaboration of O3neida members from 9 organizations worldwide in the work aiming at the improvement of the IEC 61499 standard Finally O3neida has recently opened O3neida Europe its second international node focused on European industrial automation activities O3neida Asia is expected to be formed later this year This special issue is a fine example of the collaboration environment created by O3neida and enthusiastically supported by its members The papers selected for this special issue cover a wide spectrum of the automation research concerning topics such as extending the capabilities of embedded computing platforms or using them to the benefit of automating demanding manufacturing systems These papers can be divided onto three thematic groups The first group refers to the high level system engineering in flexible and reconfigurable manufacturing implementing the idea of system level languages in the IIA domain which naturally leads to the new generation of embedded control devices beyond PLCs In particular the paper by Ferscha et al proposes a higher level design methodology for flexible manufacturing systems with distributed control The work by Ferrarini et al applies metamodeling and model driven architectures techniques for reconfigurable control of manufacturing systems New programming architectures and methodologies for such controllers in particular the novel IEC 61499 architecture are discussed by Gerber et al and Dubinin et al Thus Gerber et al investigate migration from the currently dominating PLC architecture of IEC 61131 3 to IEC 61499 Dubinin et al propose a formal syntactic model of IEC 61499 needed to address the issue of its execution semantics The second group of papers addresses the solutions enabling intelligent networking which progresses from simple device connectivity to provision of web services and the use of service oriented architectures The latter imposes new requirements to the resource constrained embedded platforms Macia P erez et al deal with the problem of managing control applications and embedded services in automated equipments through a specialized reference frame of IT services Collado et al address the problem of implementing an XML parser on embedded device The growing popularity of XML makes this work very relevant to many automation applications Thramboulidis et al propose the use of service oriented architectures SOA as an integration technology to glue different applications used in the design of intelligent automation systems Lopez Orozco et al deal with performance of the FIPA agent based protocols which provide a higher level communication language for intelligent automation nodes The third group of papers represents the important area of verification and validation of embedded automation systems Vyatkin et al propose a visual specification languageto be used in formal verification of modular automation systems The works included in this special issue certainly cannot represent the whole body of relevant research They rather highlight some exciting application areas of advanced embedded technologies We hope this special issue will facilitate joint research between the industrial automation and the embedded systems research communities Luca Ferrarini Jose L Martinez Lastra Allan Martel Antonio Valentini Valeriy Vyatkin REFERENCES 1 T A Henzinger and J Sifakis The discipline of embedded systems design Computer vol 40 no 10 pp 32 40 2007 2 Function blocks for industrial process measurement and control systems part 1 architecture International Electrotechnical Commission Geneva Switzerland 2005 3 C Sunder A Zoitl J H Christensen et al Usability and in teroperability of IEC 61499 based distributed automation systems in Proceedings of the 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Informatics INDIN 06 pp 31 37 Singapore August 2006 4 OOONEIDA http www oooneida org 5 V V Vyatkin J H Christensen and J L M Lastra OOONEIDA an open object oriented knowledge economy for intelligent industrial automation IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics vol 1 no 1 pp 4 17 2005 嵌入式系统在智能工业自动化设计嵌入式系统在智能工业自动化设计 Luca Ferrarini 1 Jose L Martinez Lastra 2 Allan Martel 3 Antonio Valentini 4 and Valeriy Vyatkin5 1 电子与信息系 20133 米兰 米兰 意大利 2 生产工程 坦佩雷理工大学 坦佩雷 33101 部 芬兰 3 奥奈达公司 135 丹巴顿郡法院 渥太华 安大略省 加拿大 k1k 4l6 4 奥奈达公司欧洲 42 rue de l eglise 1150 布鲁塞尔 比利时 5 电气与计算机工程系 奥克兰大学 专用袋 92019 1142 奥克兰 新西 兰 瓦列里维亚特金于 2008 年 1 月 16 日向 v vyatkin auckland ac nz 发出邀 请 2008 年 1 月 16 日接受 费拉里尼等人享有著作权 这是一个开放存取论 文知识共享署名许可下发布 允许无限制地使用 分配 和在任何媒体上复制 提供原来的工作是正确的引用 工业自动化 IA 是嵌入式计算投入工业应用的广大地区 除了许多量身 定制的解决方案 数值控制器 硬件控制器等 现场可编程逻辑控制器通过 RS 为主 广泛被简称 PLC 它代表的嵌入式计算平台的最广泛的类 在过去 在 嵌入式技术的进步决定了质的突破 自动化系统的性能 他们的能力和他们的 设计效率 智能工业自动化 IIA 的出现为研究和发展提供一个分支 是对于灵活性 和适应性制造的挑战 这不是需要大规模生产和大规模定制 它规定利用信息 和通信技术 ICT 创建自配置或容易重构控制系统的自动化生产过程的方法和 工具 自动化系统是需要超越一个集网络 PLC 应在其相互作用和行为以及它们是 如何通过一系列的人从控制工程师的维修技师的使用的方式 这就是为什么 新兴的自动化趋势交易是面向服务的体系结构 知识工程 和 Web 服务 安全 性和预测性维护问题解决方案是最新的嵌入式解决方案 是通过无线智能传感 器网络来实现 嵌入式系统的世界中的自动化系统的研究同样面临重大挑战 这是不可或 缺的一部分 其中一个高层次的综合设计方法 语言和工具的追求 1 在 自动化领域中这已经转化为基于组件的软件架构 支持可视化编程技术的发展 如 IEC 61499 标准 2 和策略控制的分布式应用程序 3 采用嵌入式技术不仅促进了嵌入式技术本身的发展设计这些应用所面临的 挑战 也带来新的挑战 这个特殊的问题是协同奥奈达 4 全球机构举办的 作为网络推广基于开 放标准的分布式工业自动化网络运行 使用 IA 增值链的奥奈达角度 5 是指一个 IA 的解决方案 开发或由组织部 署 必须包括对公司内部流程的影响进行分析 其扩展的供应链的管理 所有 的内完整的产品生命周期的环境 奥奈达为最近成为新的研究密集型应用领域的 IIA 而扩展了其利益 如 i 能源管理 ii 楼宇自动化 iii 互联网协议医疗 HOIP 奥奈达通过提供协同的框架内进行的国家和国际研究和发展项目从而促进 工业 学术和研究机构合作 如这个特殊的问题 美国仪器仪表学会最近推出的一系列工业自动化的书 籍 它也有助于知识转移通过支持新的出版计划 奥奈达还制定并颁布了一系列的有关促进自动化可互操作的智能解决方案 的国际标准 例如 联合文 3 表明奥奈达成员合作来自全球 9 个组织 在工 作中 针对 IEC 61499 标准的改进 最后 奥奈达最近开设了奥奈达欧洲 其第二国际节点集中在欧洲工业自 动化活动 奥奈达亚洲预计将于今年晚些时候形成 这个特殊的问题是协同环境的一个很好的例子 得到了奥奈达和其成员的 热情支持 这篇论文选择这个特殊的问课题 它广泛的涵盖了自动化研究的有关课题 如扩展嵌入式计算平台的能力 或使用它们的自动化要求的制造系统的好处 这些论文可分为三个专题组 第一组是指在柔性和可重构制造高级的系统工程 在实施 IIA 域系统级语 言的想法 这自然会导致新一代的嵌入式控制设备将超越 PLC 特别是 通过