高考名词性从句知识点总结及典型例题

精品文档 1欢迎下载 名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词 可分别作主句的主语 表语 宾语和同位 语 因此 名词性从句厅分为主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句和同 位从句 一 引导名词性从句的连接词 1 连接代词 who whose whom what which 有词义 在从句 中担任成分 如主语 表语 宾语 或定语等 2 连接副词 when where why how 有词义 在从句中担任成 分 作状语 3 连接词 that whether if as if that 无词义 在从句 中不担任成分 有时可省略 if whether as if 虽有词义 但 在从句中不担任成分 注意 1 连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句 因而从句中谓语不用 疑问式 连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分 连接词 whether 和 if 是否 as if 好象 在从句中不充当句子成分 只起连接作用 根据句义 如果连接代词与连接副词 whether if 和 as if 都用不上时 才用 that 作连接词 that 本身无任何含义 2 不可省略的连词 1 介词后的连词 2 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略 精品文档 2欢迎下载 That she was chosen made us very happy We heard the news that our team had won 二 主语从句 1 主语从句在复合句作主语 e g Who will go is not important 2 用 it 作形式主语 主语从句放在句末 e g It doesn t matter so much whether you will come or not 主要句型有 1 It be 形容词 that 从句 It is probable that he told her everything 很可能他把一切 都告诉她了 2 It be 名词词组 no wonder an honour a good thing a pity no surprise etc that 从句 It s no surprise that our team should have won the game 我们没赢这场比赛真意外 3 It be 过去分词 that 从句 It is said that Mr Green has arrived in Beijing 据说格林 先生已经到了北京 4 It seem happen 等不及物动词及短语 that 从句 It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all Alice 似乎不来参加晚会 5 It doesn t matter makes no difference etc 连接代 精品文档 3欢迎下载 词或连接副词引起的主语从句 It doesn t matter whether she will come or not 她是否来这 无关紧要 It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting 我 们在哪里开会毫无区别 3 that 引导主语从句时 不能省略 e g That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised 4 当主语从句作主语时 谓语动词一般用第三人称单数 下面这个 句型例外 What we need is more time and money What we need are many more books 5 if 不能用在主语从句中 而是用 whether Whether he left or not is unknown 6 引导主语从句的关联词有三类 从属连词 that That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them 很明显 她们确是亲姐妹 她们的脸型很相似 2 从属连词 whether 如 Whether he ll come here isn t clear 他是否会来这里还不 清楚 3 连接代词 who whom whose what which whoever 精品文档 4欢迎下载 whatever whichever 连接副词 where when how why 如 What she did is not yet known 她干了什么尚不清楚 How this happened is not clear to anyone 这事怎样发生的 谁也不清楚 Whoever comes is welcome 不论谁来都欢迎 Wherever you are is my home my only home 你所在的任何 地方就是我的家 我唯一的家 注意 连接代词 whoever whatever whichever 等引导主语从句的 含义 Whoever comes will be welcome whoever the person who 来 的人将受到欢迎 Whatever he did was right whatever the thing that 他所 做的事情是正确的 Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize whichever anyone of you who 你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到 奖励 三 表语从句 1 表语从句在复合句中作表语 位于系动词之后 e g The question was who could go there 注意 连系动词 appear look seem 的两个常用句型 It seems appears that 精品文档 5欢迎下载 It looks seems as if as though 与事实相符用陈述语气 与 事实相反用虚拟语气 2 引导表语从句的连接词 that 有时可省去 e g My idea is that we can get more comrades to help in the work 3 引导表语从句的关联词的种类 1 从属连词 that 如 The trouble is that I have lost his address 麻烦是我把他 的地址丢了 2 从属连词 whether as as if 如 He looked just as he had looked ten years before 他看起来 还与十年前一样 The question is whether they will be able to help us 问题 是他们是否能帮我们 注意 从属连词 if 一般不用来引导表语从句 但 as if 却可引导表 语从句 如 All this was over twenty years ago but it s as if it was only yesterday 这都是 20 多年前的事了 但宛如昨天一样 能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词 be seem look 等 如 It looked as if it was going to rain 看起来天要下雨了 3 连接代词 who whom whose what which whoever 精品文档 6欢迎下载 whatever whichever 连接副词 where when how why 如 The problem is who we can get to replace her 问题是我 们能找到谁去替换她呢 The question is how he did it 问题是他是如何做此事的 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的 注意 连词 because 可引导表语从句 because 与 why 在引导表语从句的区别 eg I think it is because you are doing too much 我想这是 因为你做得太多 because 后面加原因 I think it is the reason why he was so angry 我想这就是他 如此生气的原因 why 后面加结果 四 宾语从句 1 宾语从句在复合句中作宾语 引导宾语从句的连词 that 一般可 省略 e g I hope that everything is all right 2 介词宾语从句 介词之后的宾语从句 不可用 which 或 if 连接 要分别用 what 或 whether e g I m interested in whether you ve finished the work 精品文档 7欢迎下载 I m interested in what you ve said Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it 你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做 3 whether 与 if 都可以引导宾语从句 常可互换 但下面情况不 能互换 宾语从句是否定句时 只用 if 不用 whether e g I wonder if it doesn t rain 用 if 会引起误解 就要用 whether e g Please let me know whether you want to go 此句如果把 whether 改成 if 容易当成条件句理解 宾语从句中的 whether 与 or not 直接连用 就不能换成 if 不 直接连用 可换 e g I don t know whether or not the report is true I don t know whether if the report is true or not 介词后的宾语从句要用 whether 引导 whether 可与不定式连用 whether 也可引导主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 还可引导让 步状语从句 以上均不能换成 if 但引导条件从句时 只能用 if 而不能用 whether e g It depends on whether we have enough time They don t know whether to go there Please come to see me if you have time 精品文档 8欢迎下载 注意 区别 if 引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句 I don t know if he will come If he comes I ll let you know 4 宾语从句的时态变化规律 宾语从句时态与主句相呼应 但宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍 现象除外 1 当主句是一般现在时态时 从句可根据需要用任何时态 2 当主句是一般过去时态时 从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时 态 但客观真理除外 如 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun 老师 说地球绕着太阳运行 5 当主语是 I we 主句用 think believe suppose expect imagine 五个动词时 用否定转移 I think he will win the game 否定句 I don t think he will win the game 对应的反义疑问句 I don t think he will win the game will he 6 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类 1 从属连词 that He told us that he felt ill 他对我们说他感到不舒服 注意 that 在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略 在 以下情况下 that 不能省略 精品文档 9欢迎下载 and 或 but 连接两个或多个宾语从句时 可以省略第一个连词 that 放在 an 或者 but 的后面的 that 不能省略 Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened 大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道 Tom 非常害怕 that 引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时 that 不能省略 I know nothing about him except that he is from the south 对他我一无所知 只知道他是南方人 that 从句位于句首时 that 不可省略 That he ever said such a thing I simply don t believe 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话 主句谓语动词与 that 从句之间有插入语 that 不可省略 We decided in view of his special circumstances that we would admit him for a probationary period 鉴于他的特殊情况 我们决定应允他一段试用期 当宾语从句后带宾补时 要用 主语 谓语 it 宾补 that clause that 不可省略 I think it certain that she will do well in her exam 2 从属连词 if whether I doubt whether he will succeed 我怀疑他是否会成功 I don t know if you can help me 我不知道你能否帮助我 3 连接代词 who whom whose what which whoever 精品文档 10欢迎下载 whatever whichever 连接副词 where when how why Who or what he was Martin never learned 他是什么人 他是 干什么的 马丁根本不知道 I wonder what he s writing to me about 我不知道他要给我 写信说什么事 I ll tell you why I asked you to come 我会告诉你我为什么 要你来 You may do what you will 你可做任何你想做的事 五 同位语从句 1 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语 一般位于该名词 如 news fact idea suggestion promise thought question reply report remark 等 之后 说明该名词的具体内容 e g I have no idea when he will be back The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody 2 that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别 在同位语从句中 that 不可以省略 不作成分 定语从句的关系代 词 that 在定语从句作成分 作宾语时可以省略 We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school We are interested in the news that he told us 3 when where 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别 精品文档 11欢迎下载 在定语从句中 when where 前有分别表示时间 地点的先行词 而在同位语从句中无此对应关系 They have no idea at all where he has gone 同位语从句 Go and get your coat It s in the place where you left it 定语从句 4 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类 1 关联词多用从属连词 that Where did you get the idea that I could not come 你在哪儿 听说我不能来 2 同位语从句偶尔由从属连词 whether 引导 I have no idea whether he ll come or not 我不知道他是否 来 注意 There is no doubt that he will come There is doubt whether he will come There is no possibility that 3 连接代词 who which what 和连接副词 where when why how 亦可引导同位语从句 The question who should do the work requires consideration 谁该干这项工作 这个问题需要考虑 We haven t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation 到哪儿去度暑假 这个问题我们还没有决定 精品文档 12欢迎下载 It is a question how he did it 那是一个他如何做了此事的问 题 名词性从句重点与难点 一 that 从句作主语和宾语时 常用 it 作形式主语 将从句放在 句末 e g It doesn t matter so much whether you will come or not She has seen to it that all the children are well taken care of 二 that 引导名词性从句的省略情况 1 that 引导主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句时 不能省略 e g That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised 2 that 引导宾语从句时一般可省略 但在以下几种情况中不能省 略 1 当 that 从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间 有插入语时不能省略 2 当 that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时不能省略 3 当 that 作介词宾语时不能省略 e g He judged that because he was a child he did not understand wine Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do 精品文档 13欢迎下载 三 名词性从句中的语序 名词性从句中一律使用陈序语气 e g He asked how much I paid for the violin 四 名词性从句中的时态呼应 在名词性从句中 谓语动词的时态要与主句谓语动词的时态相一致 e g As soon as he comes back I ll tell him when you will come and see him He kept looking at her wondering whether he had seen her somewhere Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring 五 名词性从句中虚拟语气的使用情况 1 在表示 命令 建议 坚持 要求 的名词性从句中 要用 should 动词原形 形式 should 可以省略 e g I made a suggestion that he should go there at once I suggested that he should go there at once The suggestion was that he should go there at once 2 wish 引导的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气 分与现在 过去 将来 相反三种情况 e g I wish I were ten years younger I wish you had posted the letter yesterday 精品文档 14欢迎下载 I wish I would try again 3 在句型 It is was adj 主语从句 中 如果形容词是 important strange natural necessary 等 从句谓语部分要用 should 动词原形 形式 should 可以省略 e g It s strange that he should think so It is necessary that he should go there at once 六 引导同位语从句与定语从句的 that 的区别 同位语从句中的连词 that 只起连接作用 不充当任何句子成分且不 能省略 同位语从句一般放在有具体含义的名词后 用以解释名词 的含义或内容 而定语从句中的关系代词 that 在从句中充当主语或 宾语 在充当宾语时常可省略 定语从句是对先行词的限定和修饰 e g They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit Chi na again 七 引导名词性从句的 that 和 what 的区别 that 引导名词性从句时 在从句中不充当任何句子成分 也没有任 何含义 只起连接作用 且在宾语从句中有时可省略 而 what 引导 名词性从句时 在从句中充当主语 宾语 表语或定语 e g That he said so made us angry 精品文档 15欢迎下载 What he said at the meeting made us angry China is no longer what it used to be 八 疑问词 ever 和 no matter 疑问词的区别 1 疑问词 ever 既可引导名词性从句 又可引导让步状语从句 e g Whoever breaks the rule must be punished Whoever breaks the rule he must be punished 2 no matter 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句 e g No matter who breaks the rule he must be punished No matter what you do you must do it well 注意 who 与 whoever 的区别 who 是 谁 的意思 表示具有疑问 who 相当于 anyone who 无 论谁 He gave whoever came to the door a smile He gave any person who came to the door a smile 比较 He asked me who broke the glass 正确 他问我是谁 打的玻璃 He asked me whoever broke the glass 错误 Whoever goes against law shall be punished 正确 违法的 人将受罚 Who goes against law shall be punished 错误 九 注意区分 it 作形式主语的主语从句与强调句 强调句句型 It is was 被强调部分 that 去掉 It is was that 精品文档 16欢迎下载 句子仍然成立 It is natural that they should have different views 主语从 句 It is only lately that he had had a family himself 强调句 What was it that he wanted I don t know what it was that he wanted It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem 十 比较 whether 与 if 均为 是否 的意思 但在下列情况下 whether 不能被 if 取代 1 whether 引导主语从句并在句首 Whether he left or not is unknown 2 引导表语从句 The question is whether they will be able to help us 3 whether 从句作介词宾语 It depends on whether we have enough time 4 从句后有 or not Whether he will come or not is not clear 5 不定式之前 She can t decide whether to buy the house or wait 她不能决定到底是应该买下这个房子还是再等等 6 同位语从句中 精品文档 17欢迎下载 There is doubt whether he will come 7 宾语从句前移 Whether she will win the game I m not sure 高考英语陷阱题总结归纳 名词性从句 典型陷阱题分析 1 She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood he said meant A that B what C that that D what what 陷阱 可能误选 B 许多同学一看选项首先就排除了 C 和 D 认为这样两个 引导词 叠用的情况不太可能 在 A 和 B 两个选项中 选项 A 肯定不行 因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分 所以 便选择了 B 分析 正确答案选 D 第一个 what 用作动词 meant 的宾语 第二个 what 用作动词 said 的宾语 即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中 none of us 精品文档 18欢迎下载 understood 为主句 what what he said meant 为宾语从句 而在 此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句 2 After had happened he could not continue to work there A which B how C what D having 陷阱 可能误选 A 分析 最佳答案选 C 有的同学误选 A 是因为认为介词后应 接关系代词 which 但实际上 若填关系代词 其前没有先行词 这根据不是一个定语从句 另外 由于 had happened 缺主语 所 以 B 和 D 也不能选 请再做下面一题 答案选 B He pointed to looked like a tomb and said Ghost A that B what C which D as 3 Is you want to say asked the teacher A this B that C all that D that all 陷阱 根据中文字面意思误选 A 或 B 分析 最佳答案选 D 假若选 A 或 B 那么转换成陈述句即为 This is you want to say That is you want to say 显然句 中的两个谓语动词 is 与 want 相冲突 选 D 组成的句子是 Is that 精品文档 19欢迎下载 all you want to say 其中的 that 为句子主语 all 为表语 you want to say 为定语从句 用以修饰 all 4 When leave for Japan When leave for Japan is kept secret A they will will they B will they they will C they will they will D will they will they 陷阱 可能误选 D 认为 when 后应用疑问句词序 分析 最佳答案选 B 第一个 when 引出的是一个特殊疑问句 故用疑问词序 第二个 when 引出的是主语从句 故其后用陈述句 词序 请做以下试题 答案选 C 1 None knows if that boy but if him her parents will be disappointed A she will marry she will marry B she marries she marries C she will marry she marries D she marries she will marry 2 Where go to work Where go to work is not known A we shall we shall B shall we shall we C shall we we shall D we shall shall we 精品文档 20欢迎下载 5 Someone is ringing the doorbell Go and see A who is he B who he is C who is it D who it is 陷阱 几个干扰项均有可能误选 分析 此题最佳答案为 D 首先可以排除 A 和 C 因为空格处 实为一个宾语从句 所以不能用疑问句词序 另一方面 但按英语 习惯 当用于指代身份不明的人时 要用代词 it 而不用 he 或 she 等 比较以下两句 Mr Smith is at the door He wants to see you 史密斯先 生在门口 他想见你 Someone is at the door It may be the postman 有个人在 门口 可能是邮递员 第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith 所以后面用代词 he 而第 二句因前面用的是不定代词 someone 说明此人身份尚不明确 故 其后用了代词 it 来指代 6 Don t you know my dear friend it is your money not you that she loves A who B which C that D what 陷阱 此题容易误选 A 或 B 选 A 的同学认为这是指人的 故用 who 选 B 的同学认为这是非限制性定语从句 两者都是误认 为这是定语从句 注意没有先行词 精品文档 21欢迎下载 分析 其实答案应选 C that 引导的是一个宾语从句 用作动 词 know 的宾语 它只是被句中的插入语 my dear friend 隔开罢 了 请做以下试题 答案均为 C 1 Everyone knows perhaps except you your girl friend is a cheat A who B which C that D what 2 I think though I could be mistaken she liked me A who B which C that D what 3 He told me the news believe it or not he had earned 1 000 in a single day A that B which C as D because 前面两题 that 引导宾语从句 后面一题 that 同位语从句 修饰 the news 对应练习答案 1 B 2 D 3 CBA 6 10 BACAB 11 15 ABC Keys 1 Whether if 2 whether 3 whether 4 whether 5 whether 6 If 精品文档 22欢迎下载 精选习题答案和解析 1 解析 C she told me 是插入语 可删除 what 引导主语从句 在从句中充当主语 2 解析 C create 后为宾语从句 从句中 they hope 是插入语 可删除 因为从句中缺少主语 所以用 what 引导该从句 3 解析 C was 后为表语从句 when 与 the last time 相呼应 根据句意可排除其他选项 4 解析 A 介词 about 后为宾语从句 从句中动词 do 与 think 缺 少宾语 所以用 what 引导该从句 which 哪一个 whom 谁 与 句意不符 可排除 that 引导宾语从句时不充当成分 也可排除 5 解析 A from 后为宾语从句 从句中动词 speak 缺少宾语 所 以用 what 引导该从句 6 解析 B 从第二个 is 可知它的前面是主语从句 后面是表语从 句 主语从句中缺少主语 所以用 what 引导 若去掉第二个 is 则选 A 项 7 解析 A 此句中 When asked When they were asked asked 后为宾语从句 从句中缺少宾语所以用 what 引导该从句 8 解析 C 介词 of 后为宾语从句 此处用 what 引导宾语从句 在从句中充当宾语 9 解析 A finding out 后为宾语从句 根据句意只能用 how far 到什么程度或范围 引导该从句 10 解析 D idea 后为同位语从句 表示 idea 的具体内容 根据 精品文档 23欢迎下载 句意从句中缺少地点状语 所以用 where 引导 11 解析 D 该句中 it 是形式主语 所填选项引导真正的主语从 句 从句中不缺任何成份和意义 只缺少连接词 所以用 that 引导 12 解析 C 所填选项引导主语从句 且在从句中充当主语 可排 除 A B 两项 who 可用来引导主语从句且充当主语 但 who 表示疑 问语气 与句意不符 故可排除 所以此处用 whoever 引导主语从 句 相当于 anyone who 此时 anyone 用作先行词 who 引导定语从 句 13 解析 D news 后为同位语从句 表示 news 的具体内容 从句 中不缺任何成份和意义 只缺少连接词 所以用 that 引导 14 解析 A 所填选项引导主语从句 且在从句中充当介词 about 的宾语 所以用 what 引导 15 解析 C to 后为宾语从句 此处用 whoever 引导宾语从句 在从句中充当主语 此时 whoever anyone who no matter who 只 能用于引导让步状语从句 16 解析 A 所填选项引导主语从句 且在从句中充当主语 所以 用 what 引导 17 解析 C 此处用 it 作形式宾语 when and where the meeting would be held 作真正的宾语 当复合宾语中的宾语是从 句时 一般用先行代词 it 作形式宾语 而将从句放在补语的后面 18 解析 A 此处用 what 引导宾语从句 在从句中充当表语 精品文档 24欢迎下载 which 引导宾语从句时意为 哪一个 表示选择 how 引导宾语从 句时意为 如何 where 引导宾语从句时意为 在 地方 均 与句意不符 19 解析 B 所填选项引导主语从句 且在从句中充当宾语 所以 用 what 引导 20 解析 A on 后为宾语从句 此处用 what 引导宾语从句 在从 句中充当介词 for 的宾语 21 解析 A That s 后为表语从句 此处 where 与 downtown 相 呼应 根据句意可排除其他选项 22 解析 B 该句中 it 作形式主语 what 引导主语从句 该主语 从句还原为疑问句应为 What do other people think about you 23 解析 B 所填选项引导宾语从句 从句中不缺任何成份和意义 只缺少连接词 所以用 that 引导 24 解析 B of 后为宾语从句 从句中缺少宾语 所以用 what 引 导 something 后接定语从句 可以省略作宾语的关系词 that 25 解析 C 所填选项引导主语从句 且在从句中充当 say 和 do 的宾语 可排除 A D