深圳牛津英语八年级下册知识点

ChapterChapter oneone 一一 课文重点词汇和短语课文重点词汇和短语 pay attention to 注意 go wrong 出毛病 出错 break down 抛锚 for example 例如 lose memory 失忆 become worse 变得更糟 be angry with 对 生气 the Guinness Book of Records 吉尼斯世界记录大全 a short term long term memory 长 短时记忆 a man with an injured brain 一个脑伤的男人 amazing stories 令人惊叹的故事 be connected to 与 相连 be feel amazed at 对 感到惊讶 make an excuse 找借口 借故 make an apology to sb 道歉 write an article on the topic 写一篇关于这个主题的文章 include a feature about sth 增加一个关于 的特写 报道 look up a word in the dictionary 在字典 里查询单词 agree v 同意 agree to V We agreed to leave at once 我们同意立即走 agree to sth 赞同 允许 She agreed to my idea 她同意我的想法 agree with sb 同意某人的意见 I agree with Jim 我同意 Jim 的意见 agree with sth 赞同 I don t agree with experiments on animals agree on sth 对 意见一致 They all agree on this case 他们对此案件意见一致 I think it s a bad idea I couldn t agree more I completely agree 我认为这 是一个坏主意 我完全同意 反义词 disagree v 不同意 everyday adj 日常的 例行的 平凡的 相当于 daily The article is written in everyday language 这篇文章写得浅显易懂 every day 副词短语 每一天 天天 He gets up at 6 30 every day 他每天 6 30 起床 注意注意 death die 与 dead 和 dying death 是名词 意思是死亡 die 是动词 死 dead 是形容词 死了的 死亡的 之意 dying 是形容词 意思是即将死亡的 垂死的 二二 语法 由语法 由 if 和和 unless 引导的条件状语从句引导的条件状语从句 含有 if 的复合句由两个分句组成 if 为连词 引导条件状语从句 另一句为主句 如果谈论的是某一个动作发生后势必会产生某个结果 那么主从句都用一般现在时态 e g If you boil water it becomes steam If you drop a glass it breaks 如果谈论的是 如果 某一个动作或事情发生后 很可能将会产生某种结果 那么在复句中主句的动 词用一般将来时 而 if 从句仍然是一般现在时 If he arrives in Hong Kong he will call me 若 if 条件句放句首 从句后面要加逗号 和主句隔开 unless 与 if 用法相似 相当于 if not e g You will fail the exam if you don t prepare for it You will fail the exam unless you prepare for it 2 ChapterChapter 2 2 一 课文重点词汇和短语一 课文重点词汇和短语 1 look at oneself in the mirror 照镜子 2 succeed in doing sth do sth successfully 成功做某事 3 instead of 代替 in place of 4 get into trouble 使 陷入麻烦中 5 be in trouble with 与 之间有麻烦 6 be in trouble 陷入困境 7 all around the world 全世界 8 bad tempered 脾气坏的 9 a number of 许多 many a lot of lots of plenty of 10 in total 一共 11 stay up 熬夜 12 the number of 的数量 13 fall asleep 睡着 go to sleep 去睡觉 14 come to life 有生气 活跃 15 play a trick on 捉弄 16 stay in bed 卧床 17 escape from 逃离 18 laugh at 嘲笑 19 be full of be filled with 充满 20 try to do sth 尽力做某事 21 in the late 1930s 20 世纪 30 年代末 22 think of 想到 想起 想出 think about 考虑 think over 仔细思考 23 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 24 a man called a man who is called 叫 的人 二 语法二 语法 形容词概述 1 形容词 用来修饰名词 说明事物的性质 特征或状态 Mary is a goodgood girl The cartoons also have a longlong history 2 形容词放在连系动词之后 如 be look sound taste smell feel seem turn keep come It looks beautifulbeautiful The cake doesn t taste sweetsweet 3 形容词做宾语补足语 它们能使动作完整并通常与一些特定的动词如 make keep want find think prefer 连用 They thought it would be funny to makemake the mouse cleverclever I drank a lot of coffee to keepkeep myself awakeawake 4 形容词与不定式连用的两个句型 1 It is 形容词 of for sb to do sth 若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格 品质的 如 kind good clever careless polite foolish 等 用 of sb It s very kind you help me It s clever you work out the maths problem 若形容词仅仅是描述事物 不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价 用 for sb 这类形容词有 difficult easy hard important dangerous im possible 等 It s very dangerous childrendangerous children crosscross the busy street It s difficultdifficult us us finishfinish the work 2 n be 形容词 to do sth Comics are wonderful read The film isis excitingexciting see 5 形容词修饰不定代词应位于其后 I have 一些重要的事情 to tell you Is there 有趣的事情 in today s newspaper 牛津深圳版八下知识点 3 3 11 6 以 ed 和 ing 结尾的形容词的比较 以 ed 结尾的形容词强调人的感受 excited interested surprised frightened 以 ing 结尾的形容词强调某事物本身的特征 exciting interesting surprising This is an book and I am in it interest We were all deeply by the story move 7 注意 1 Good 是形容词 副词是 well 但是 well 也可以作为形容词 但只能指身体好的 2 有些词既可以当形容词 又可以做副词 Long early late high low enough much hard hardly 意思为几乎不 不是 hard 的副词 a He is a hard student b He works very hard a She is a fast runner b She runs very fast a Do you like late dinners b No I don t like to eat late 3 很多副词由形容词加词尾 ly 构成副词 有些名词加 ly 后可构成形容词 friend ly friendly 友好的 love ly lovely 可爱的 复习 复习 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 1 形容词副词比较级和最高级的构成 单音节词加 er 和 est hard harder hardest 辅音字母 y 结尾 变 y 为 i 再加 er est easy easier easiest 重读音节并且是 辅音字母 元音字母 辅音字母 要双写辅音字母再加 er est hot hotter hottest big bigger biggest 多音节词前加 more most beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 2 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法 两者进行比较 A B as 形容词或副词的原级原级 as I am as tall as you Lucy sings as well as Lily A B not so as 形容词或副词的原级原级 as He is not as so careful as his brother He doesn t run as so quickly as me A B 或 A B 形容词或副词的比较级比较级 thanthan You are two years younger than me He is a little stronger than his father Nancy dances better than her classmates 三者或三者以上进行比较 使用形容词或副词的最高级最高级 常接 inin 或 ofof 表比较范围 Who is the tallest in Class Three Shanghai is the largest of all the cities 注意注意 one of 最高级 名词的复数 China is one of the strongest countries in the world the 序数词 最高级 名词的单数 The Yellow River is the second longest river in the world 注意以下几种情况 形容词或副词的比较级前可用 much a little a bit even far 等程度副词或词组表示不同程度 但是注意 very 不行 I m a little much far richer than you Football is much more exciting than basketball 比较级 and 比较级表 越来越 stronger and stronger 4 more and more beautiful C the 比较级 the 比较级 表示 越是 越是 The busier she is the happier she is ChapterChapter 3 3 一一 课文重点词汇和短语课文重点词汇和短语 make oneself clear 阐述清楚 be in danger 在危险中 environmental problems 环境问题 keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 in the form of in the style of 以 的形式 cut down trees 砍伐树木 take in harmful gases absorb harmful gases 吸入有害气体 throw away 丢掉 all the way 全程 一路上 in order to 为了 act as act like 扮演 充当 mountains of a mountain of a number of a lot of 大量 environmentally friendly 环保的 damage the environment 破坏环境 greenhouse effect 温室效应 cause sb sth to do sth 导致 去做 as many much as 多达 reach arrive in at get to 到达 lead to 导致 take action to dosth 采取行动去 deal with 处理 be on fire 着火 be harmful to sb be bad for 对 有害 be different from be not the same as 与 不同 as a result 结果 be grateful to sb be thankful to sb 对 感激 二 语法二 语法 A A Why questions WhyWhy questions Why 特殊疑问词 why 用来问原因 为什么 回答时用 because 表 因为 注意 so 表示所以 在英语中 不能和 because 连用 A Why do you like Tom and Jerry B Because they are very funny Because he was ill so he didn t come to school He didn t come to school because he wasill He was ill so he didn t come to school B B PatternsPatterns expressionsexpressions a a comparisoncomparison 比较句型及表达比较句型及表达 not as as like the same as different from 1 not as as 表示在某一点上两事物 不 相同 as as 之间必须用形容词或副词的原级 I m not as tall as my brother Eric studies as hard as his twin sister 常用短语 as much n as 和 一样多 如 那么多 修饰不可数名词 as many n as 尽可能多 修饰可数名词 as soon as 尽快 一 就 as fast as 尽可能快 例句 You can eat as much chicken as you like You should remember as many English words as you can Finish your homework as soon as possible After school he ran home as fast as he could 2 like 介词 用于说明两事物在一个或更多的方面相同 like 名词或代词 as 也表示像的意思 但 as 后接 从句 牛津深圳版八下知识点 5 5 11 The boy looks like his father I ll do as you advise 3 the same as 用于说明某事物与另一个一样 I m not the same height as my brother We have lived in this same house for thirty years same 前面必须有定冠词 the 后加单数名词 4 different 正好相反 前面不用加 the 后面 用复数名词 We study in the same school but in different classes There are different books on the same subject Note 但也可以说 a different 加单数名词 This is a different girl from the one I saw just now different from 用于说某事物和另一个不一样 The dog is different from the other 很多情况下 not as as not the same as 和 different from 之间可以互换 I m not as heavy as him I m not the same weight as him My weight is different from his ChapterChapter 4 4 重点单词和短语重点单词和短语 1 accept v 接受 承认 反义词 refuse 2 educational adj 教育 n education 3 exchange n v 交换 交流 4 host n 主人 反义词 guest 5 own adj 自己的 v 拥有 n owner 6 simple easy adj 简单的 反义词 difficult 7 culture n 文化 adj cultural 8 confident adj 自信的 n confidence 9 deep adj 深的 adv deeply 10 improve v 改善 改进 n improvement 短语短语 1 take a visit trip to 去某处参观 旅行 2 be able to do 能够做 3 give a talk about on sth to sb 向某人做关于某事的报告 4 throughout the world all over the world 全世界 5 live stay with 与 生活在一起 6 go on sightseeing tours 去观光 7 make friends with 与 交朋友 8 as well as 还 也 不及 9 since then 从那时起 打那以后 10 keep get in touch with 与 保持联系 11 in case 万一 12 in order that 为了 13 be confident of 对 感到有信心 14 look forward to doing 盼望做某事 15 apply for 申请 16 go on a sightseeing tour 进行观光旅游 17 be deeply moved 被深深地打动 18 win a scholarship 赢得奖学金 19 improve the situation 改善情况 二二 语法 语法 目的状语 结果状语 让步状语从句的用法目的状语 结果状语 让步状语从句的用法 目的状语从句 我们能用 so that 和 in order that 去谈论目的 他们叫做目的状语从句 在目的状语从句中我 们经常用 can may will 或者 shall 或者 could might would 或者 should 6 例如 We got up early so that we could catch the first train 我们早起为了赶上早班车 He studies hard so that he could find a better job in the future 他努力学习为了以后能有一份更好的工作 解释句子解释句子 1 He puts on his coat so that he won t feel cold He puts on his coat he won t feel cold 2 Mary often wears high heels in order that she may look taller Mary often wears high heels look taller Mary often wears high heels she may look taller 结果状语从句结果状语从句 我们用去谈论一个行为或者状况的结果 他们叫做结果状语从句 adjective 形容词 adverb 副词 so many few 可数名词复数 that much little 不可数名词 a an 形容词 可数名词单数 such 形容词 可数名词复数 不可数名词 that 让步状语从句让步状语从句 让步状语从句通常由单词 although 或者 though 连接 这两个单词可以连接两个相反的或者相对照的 描述 例如 Although the trip was hard work it was a very valuable experience for me 虽然旅行是苦差事 对我来说却是一次难得的体验 Sam did quite will in the exam although he was unprepared 萨姆在这次考试中虽然没有准备 但他考得很好 Linda still spares time to help people though she is always very busy 琳达虽然非常忙但她仍然花时间去帮别人 ChapterChapter 5 5 一一 重点单词和短语重点单词和短语 would rather do sth 宁愿做某事 be worth doing 值得一做 be born with 出生 save up 储蓄 at the age of 在 岁的时候 give sb a hand 帮助某人 win prize awards 获得 奖 give up 放弃 at a price 以很高代价 have a happy childhood 度过幸福的童年 be strict with sb in sth 对某人在某方面要求严格 practise playing the piano 练习弹钢琴 make up one s mind to do sth decide to do sth 下决心做某事 quit one s job 辞职 in place of in stead of 代替 from then on 从那以后 get one s big chance 获得 的好机会 be responsible for 负责 at huge events 在大型活动 事件 中 piano competition 钢琴比赛 choose sb to do sth 选择某人做某事 without any effort 轻而易举 fall ill 生病 牛津深圳版八下知识点 7 7 11 be tired of sth doing sth 厌倦 be grateful to sb 对 感激 a talented man 有天赋的人 encourage and support sb 鼓励并支持某人 二二 语法 过去进行时语法 过去进行时 过去进行时态 过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作 结构如下 be was were doing 否定 be was were not doing 疑问 be was were 提前 句号变问号 1 表示过去某时间点或时间段发生的事情 at 时间点 at this time at that time My father was watching TV at 6p m yesterday I was doing my homework from 7 to 9 yesterday evening 2 表示过去某时间点或时间段发生的事情 when 从句表示时间点 I was reading a book when he came in He was cleaning the room when I saw him 3 两个动作 延续性 同时发生 主从句的动词都可用过去进行时 从句用 when 或 while 引导 While other one year old babies were sleeping in their parents arms Lang Lang was learning how to read music He was practising the piano when I was cooking 4 when 与 while 区别 when 从句 可以延续性动词 过去进行时 也可以短暂性动词 一般过去时 while 从句 一定是延续性动词 过去进行时 当我看到他的时候 他正在吃早饭 He was having breakfast when I saw him 总结 while 只能表示时间段 其后只能用过去进行时 when 既可表示某一个时间点 也可以 表示某一个时间段 所以其后的动词可以时延续性动词 也可以是短暂性动词 请用 when 和 while 填空 1 I got home he was having supper 2 we were still laughing the teacher came in 3 I was reading letters last night he was watching TV 4 She was very surprised she saw me 5 Please do not talk so loud others are working 注意 不用于进行时的动词 agree be believe belong care forget hate hear know like love mean mind notice own remember seem suppose understand want wish 等 表示过去按计划 安排将要将要发生的事 常用 come come go go leave leave start start arrivearrive 等表示位置移动的动词 的进行时态表将要发生的动作 He told me that he was leaving for Shanghai the next day 与一般过去时的区别 A 一般过去时过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成已经完成 而过去进行时表示动作在持续或未完成 She did her homework last night 作业做完了 She was doing her homework last night 作业不一定写完 B 一般过去时表示动作只做一次只做一次 而过去进行时表示动作反复进行 He waved to me 挥了挥手 He was waving to me 不断地挥手 chapterchapter 6 6 一 必背词组 一 必背词组 want to do look forward to doing 想做某事 encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做某事 8 famous well known 出名的 be famous for 因 而出名 called named 名叫 start to do begin to do 开始做某事 1 by 乘坐 by bike 通过某种方式 by writing E mails 靠近 by the door near the door by the way 顺便说一下 由 做的 2 on Saturday morning 在星期六早上 in 年 月 季节 上午 下午 晚上 in 2009 in May in summer in the morning at 时间点 at 5 o clock on 某一天 某一天的上午 下午 晚上 on Saturday morning 3 It was thirty yards long It was thirty yards in length 它长 30 码 数词 量词 形容 词 it is 30 yards long it is 30 yards in length 4 pick up 捡起 代词放中间 pick it up 捡起它 5 sing happily 快乐地唱歌 He sang happily with an apple in his hand 表伴随 with 名 词 介词词组 6 You have to work don t you 不得不 反义疑问句 I think that 我认为 否定在主句上 I think this is right I don t think this is right 7 get more and more interested 变得越来越有兴趣 be get interested in have interest in 对 感兴趣 8 使某人做某事 Let sb do sth make sb do sth have sb do sth 9 want sth to be done 想要 被做 10 I m really 副词 careful 我非常小心 11 properly right well 好 12 so on 等等 13 with worry on his face 脸上带着担心的表情 with joy in his heart 心中却很快乐 14 knock sb out 把某人打晕 15 set free 释放某人 二二 语法 定语从句语法 定语从句 1 定语从句的含义 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句 He gave Tom a kite He liked the kite very much 合并成 He gave Tom a kite which that he liked very much 定语从句 2 先行词的含义 被修饰的名词或代词 3 关系词的含义 引导定语从句的词 关系代词 Who whom whose which that 等 关系副词 When where why 等 4 4 如何正确选用关系词 如何正确选用关系词 若物作主语 则连接词用 which that 若人作主语 则连接词用 who that 若先行词中含有最高级 the best 不定代词 anything 序数词 first 时连接词只能用 that e g This is the best film that I ve ever seen 指代所做成分是否可省略 that 人 物主语 宾语作宾语可省 which 物主语 宾语作宾语可省 who 人主语 宾语作宾语可省 牛津深圳版八下知识点 9 9 11 5 特殊情况 只能用 that 引导定语从句的几种情况 1 先行词是不定代词 all everything nothing anything much little few 等时 2 先行词被 all every any no little much 修饰时 3 先行词被序数词及最高级修饰时 4 先行词被 the only the very the last the last 修饰时 5 当有两个或两个以上表示人和物的先行词时 6 主句以 who what which 开头的特殊疑问句时 A e g 1 I have never taken anything that doesn t belong to me B 2 He was one of the greatest scientists that I ve ever known C 3 The only thing that he did was to call the police 4 I am so interested in the things and the people that he described to me chapterchapter 7 7 一 必背词组 中英互译 一 必背词组 中英互译 make a decision decide to do 决定做某事 life n 生活 生命 lives 复数 different adj 不同的 difference n 不同的地方 on 介词 关于 about 介词 关于 speak to sb 对某人说话 be aged 14 14 岁 an amount of 不可数名词 a generous amount of a large amount of 不可数名词 a number of 可数名词复数 many 可数名词复数 much 不可数名词 a lot of lots of 可数 不可数名词 the end of mouth 月末 complain v complaint n 抱怨 Complain about sth to sb 向某人抱怨某事 a little water 量词 n Eat a little v 量词 A little difficult 量词 形容词 give sb sth for doing 给某人 因为 after all 毕竟 own adj 自己的 v 拥有 owner n 主人 have a happy childhood 度过一个快乐的童年 It is adj for sb to do 对某人来说做某事怎么样 seldom not often 很少 latest newest 最新的 late 迟到 be late for 做某事迟到 lately recently 最近的 later 之后 anytime at any time 任何时候 therefore so 因此 at the bottom of 在 底部 look after take care of 照顾 pay for sth doing sth something useful 一些有用的东西 for example for instance 举个例子 It s bad to expect things for nothing 不劳而获是不对的 the whole n 一整个 the whole family 一整个家庭 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 be busy with sth 忙于某事 ask sb to do sth 请求某人做某事 Let s do 让我们 感叹句 What a 形容词 名词 主 谓 What 形容词 复数名词 主 谓 How 形容词或副词 主 谓 offer sb a job as 任命某人担任 unfortunately 不幸地是 after doing 之后 be willing to do would like to do 愿意做某事 insist on doing 坚持做某事 try doing 尝试做 try to do 努力做 refuse to do 拒绝做某事 either 也 用于否定句 Too 也 用于肯定句 in fact actually 事实上 apologize to sb say sorry to sb make an apology to sb 向某人道歉 10 look forward to doin