船长面试问题及参考答案

船长面试问题及参考答案船长面试问题及参考答案 船长是船上最重要的职位 也是个方面要求最高的职位 船东在面试船员时对船长的 考核最认真 最费时间 也是最复杂的 作为一名合格的船长 不但要求有丰富的海 上工作经历 娴熟的船舶驾驶经验和技术 更要有很好的商务操作能力 领导管理能 力 极佳的个人人品 强大的人格魅力和感召力 还要勤于动脑 身体力行 在所有 船员面前树立典范 船东在进行面试时 往往提问船长的问题最多 也最复杂 考察 的时间也最长 提问船长的问题涉及到国际安全管理规则 安全管理体系 船长资历 船舶管理 各种具体商务和技术问题等等 下面收集了一部分面试试题 供广大面试船长参考 其中部分问题 不但船长必备 其他干部船员 尤其是大副也必须看 轮机长也应该参考一下 1 Can you tell me about your educational background 实事求是 最好告诉人家在某个学校学了多长时间 最好也要告诉人家你接受某些社 会培训的情况 谦虚好学毕竟是一个美德嘛 Please refer to a master s self introduction in Part One of this book 2 What is a classification society What is the purpose of classification survey Please list some famous classification societies in the word A classification society is usually an independent organization that carries out classification surveys statutory surveys surveys related to a notary matters for ships offshore installations marine freight containers materials and marine equipments It also provides safety management certification services to shipping companies and their ships The purpose of classification survey is to evaluate the situation of a ship and the management of a company and its ship Some of the famous classification societies are NK Japanese 日本海事协会 CCS Chinese ABS American DNV Norwegian SL British Lloyd 英国劳氏 GL German Lloyd 德国劳氏 KR Korea RINA 意大利船级社 3 Can you talk about the previous vessels you worked on board 实事求是 若没有做过 千万不要伪造 并且服务簿 书面简历以及你自己口头介绍 的资历的内容一定要一致 特别是时间 船型 航区 吨位 船员情况 外派公司 船东及租船公司情况 因为你是船长 应该对自己管理的船有非常深的印象 Please refer to an master s self introduction in Part One of this book 4 What type of cargo was carried on board your last vessel 曾经在什么船上工作过 运过什么货物也是船东非常关心的问题 因为船东在考虑把 他的一条船交给你时 对你是否运过某种他们的船舶载的货物非常关键 因为你只有 运过某种货物 才对这种货物的特性 装卸时需要注意的事项 运输途中需要注意的 事项有所了解和经验 其实 你如果运过某些货物 你也应该说出来 下面提供几种货物的名称 供参考 Bulk cargo cement cement clicker nickel ore iron sand phosphorus potash in bulk salt grain pet coke coal etc General cargo vehicle loader wagon heavy lifts over length cargo mine equipment steel construction material Other Log plywood container and so on 5 When was your last vessel trading area which ports have you called I have rich experience in calling the ports in the US some developing countries and in the passage through the Suez Canal Panama Canal and Denver Strait and Denmark Strait Some useful expressions for trading areas 全球航线 ocean going world widely globally worldwide 固定航线 fixed route 6 Can you tell me the differences between the Chinese states owned shipping companies and foreign shipping companies Basically in my opinion there are not big differences at all It seems to me that foreign owners are more concerned about the master s overriding authority on board while the Chinese shipping companies tend to ask their local agents to do more for the vessel Another major difference between them is that the Safety Management System of the Chinese companies is in Chinese and the working language on board is Chinese What s more most of the Chinese owners use the CCS for classification while foreign owners may use different classification societies 各个国家的船公司都有自己的特点和特色 至于您如何回答这个问题并不重要 关键 是不要妄自菲薄 试想一下 如果中国的船东一无是处的话 我们中国船员的素质又 会如何呢 7 In case of cargo damage for example before the vessel arrives at the discharging port you find the quality of the surface cargo has changed how would you handle it I have to look into the reason and volume of the damage first and then I ll contact the owner for instruction In the event of small quantity of grain I shall just throw it into the sea to avoid disputes Or I will follow the owner s instruction to contact it s the P Plastics and plastic mixed with other materials Food and accommodation waste Other garbage can not disposed into the sea e g plastics and plastic materials 垃圾的处理涉及到污染问题 各个公司的 ISM 手册对于垃圾的处理都规定了非常严格 的程序 垃圾当然也有明确的分类 如有的公司要求把垃圾分成三类 有的分成四类 有的分成六类等 船东主要看备选船员在防污染方面是否重视 因为一旦给某些港口 国造成污染 船东会受到重罚的 30 What are sensitive cargoes as defined by the P 2 To make sure of an orderly slow down of the main engine and ask the duty officer to give the ETA and the time ship is expected to be on maneuvering speed to the duty engineer 3 The main engine is to be tested in the astern mode and the Master should know that in some countries e g in US before entry into port entire test of the navigational equipment and main engine is required 4 To ask the duty officers to ensure that the right flags signals or lights are shown 5 To facilitate the machinery maintenance the Master should give the C E an indication of ETB and ETD immediately after the arrival at an anchorage or berth 34 What should a Muster List include What kinds of Muster List did you have on the last vessel A Muster List should include the following points 1 Details of emergency alarm signal 2 How abandon ship order will be given 3 Substitute for the key personnel who may become disabled 4 The boat to which each person belongs and duties to be performed in an abandon ship situation 5 The specific group to which a person belongs and general duties during various emergencies 6 Any additional or specific duties 7 Specific assembly point of each group The Muster List must be ready before a ship sails We had the following Muster Lists on board the last vessel General emergency fire fighting fire in the engine emergency steering abandon ship man overboard oil pollution prevention station 35 When your ship is involved in an oil pollution incident what should master do According to the ISM Code and MARPOL the incident should be immediately reported to the nearest coastal State and the ship owner without any delay A report should also be submitted to the flag state 36 Do you allow cargo discharge without being shown the B L Definitely speak No The B L is the legal evidence of the cargo s ownership However the cargo can be discharged if the consignee shows a Letter of Indemnity approved by the ship owner confirming the authenticity of the documents 37 How do you understand shipboard training It is a very important thing on board Routine training on safety of the vessel the cargo and the seamen should be carried out periodically Training to new joiners is also important They should be briefed on emergency procedures anti pollution safety equipment familiarization ship operational training and working skills 38 How can you maintain a balance of interests between the shipowner and the charterer Well this is a difficult question My opinion is that the owner s interests should always be prioritized But you know sometimes the Master is under heavy pressure from both the owner and the charterer My experience is that the charterer s interests should be take good care of without hurting the interests of the owner and the crew 船长可以根据自身的经验和体会来组织这个问题的答案 但一般而言 船东希望能和 租船公司建立良好的关系 又能维护船东的利益 因为船长拿的是船东的工资 但船 东拿的是客户 租家 的钱 39 What do you know about the internal and external audit During the internal audit how will you cooperate with the auditors Usually the internal audit is carried out once or twice a year in accordance with the owner s SMS manuals It is under the charge of the Designated Person DP or at the discretion of the DP After receiving audit notice from the company the Master should hold a pre audit meeting with the officers and engineers after receiving the audit notice The Master should make sure the best cooperation is provided to the auditors of the company and the documents to be audited are well prepared The external audit is carried out by the professional auditors from the Class If major non conformities non conformities and observations are found either in the internal or external audit the ship should make rectification in the stipulated time 40 Can you briefly describe the hand over procedure between the outgoing Master and the relieving Master Usually the handover procedure is as follows First the outgoing Master should prepare a handover report as per the company s handover procedure and checklist Second the outgoing Master should prepare a handover memo to be attached to the report The following should be the highlights in the handover procedure Documentation communication the means to contact all related persons and companies bridge equipment stores and account personnel ship maintenance and conditions etc Besides it is also very important to give the relieving Master a clear idea of the personnel the local agent the port and some other information that are not written in the checklist Try to fill in all the check lists at the presence of both Masters 41 What is the relationship between the Master and the Chief Engineer Or what kind of relation should the Master and the Chief Engineer have The Master is the No 1 leader of the ship responsible for the whole vessel and the Chief Engineer is one subordinate of the Master The Chief Engineer is in full charge of the engine department In the meantime it is also important for the Master to offer support and help to the Chief Engineer in his implementation of duties Anyway smooth cooperation and harmonious relationship between the Master and the Chief Engineer is very important to the safe operation of the vessel 船长和轮机长的融洽关系非常重要 但船长对船舶安全的绝对权威不能有任何折扣 船东希望船长既能和轮机长处好关系 又能够树立自己的管理权威 42 What should the ship s Night Orders include How often do you prepare the Night Orders Do well prepared Night Orders mean you can have a good sleep The ship s Night Orders should include such information as sailing course anti collision warning some precautions watch keeping points dangerous cargo orders sailing warning in special areas etc The Master should prepare a Night Order every night before he goes to sleep Even I have well prepared night orders I shall still be on high alert when the vessel is sailing in some dangerous areas i e areas with low visibility some narrow straits along the seacoast and the pending arrival at the port etc 这是一个船东非常关心的问题 因为这涉及到船舶的行驶安全 船长必须能熟练说出 43 When new crews come on board what training will you offer to them First I will get them familiar with the whole vessel including the equipment the personnel and documents Second I will ask them to get familiar with their respective duties Third I will get them trained on the safe operation and emergency procedures and so on 船上船员的培训既要符合国际规则的要求 也要符合公司体系文件的要求 此外 船 长也要根据具体情况安排相应的培训内容 44 What are the three grades of bulk carriers according to their size Generally they are classified into three types Handy size Panamax size and Cape size The Handy size bulker is less than 60 000 tons in deadweitht tonnage The panamax size bulker is between 60 000 to 70 000 tons usually carrying usual cargoes such as coal barxite 铝土矿 Borax 硼砂 Cement Grain Tapioka Copra 椰子肉 Pellet Lime Stone and so on The Cape size is more than 80 000in deadweight tonnage and 106 feet in breadth and the cargo usually carried by this type of a bulker are iron ore pellet and Coal 45 How do you know that the sea chart is up to date How do you get the latest Notice to Mariner I need to check the charts correction log and the charts concerned to make sure the chart is updated Normally the company sends the Notice to Mariner periodically and automatically to the ship I will send a requisition to the company if the Notice to Mariner is not being received 46 What is the DCPA during passage in fairways in the strait and inside ports At sea the closest point of approach DCPA is two miles in the strait the closest point of approach DCPA is two miles in the strait the shortest distance between the two ships is the new course distance between two vessels also depended on such factors as weather condition the sizes of the two vessels and so on 47 How do you treat the engine bilge water The engine bilge water can by no means be pumped out into the sea directly If it has to be pumped out it must be properly treated through the oily water separator If there is too much engine bilge water the Chief Engineer will report it to me I will then ask for instructions from the owner With the owner s approval and confirmation the bilge water may be transferred into the fuel oil tank or ask for shore assistance 48 Do you know something about the ILO What is ILO 147 Do you have any experience with ITF What is your policy in dealing with them and what is your company s policy in dealing with them The ILO is the International Labour Organization and the ITF is the International Federation for Transport Workers ILO Convention 147 is the Merchant Shipping Minimum Standards Convention 1976 No 147 and is Protocol of 1996 This rule is made by the International Labor Organization Conference In this Convention the minimum internationally acceptable labor standards relating to safety social security and shipboard conditions of employment and living arrangements to be observed in merchant shipping registered under any flag It is very important to tell the seamen not to approach the ITF personnel actively The Master should instruct his crew to answer the questions in accordance with the ship owner s and the manning agent s instructions if the ITF inspectors approach the vessel and talk with the crew The Master himself should know very well the company s policy in dealing with the ITF Anyway the Master and his crew should deal with them very cautiously so as to avoid any possible disputes for the ship owner As a employee of the shipowner the master should always stand in the position of the shipowner and the manning agent ILO 和 ITF 是涉及到船员利益的两个国际组织 船长应对此有粗略的了解 49 What should bridge orders include What are the contents of the standing order and what are night orders Bridge order includes Standing Order and Night Order The master shall include the following contents in the standing order Mater s requirements for the conduct of watch keeping personnel 1 Define the master s requirements on the duties of officers on watch 2 Define the master s requirements for the actions in case of emergency situations 3 Procedures at times of reduced visibility 4 Special requirements with regard to the ship and The master shall regularly enter into the Bridge Order Book no matter at sea or at anchor The entry in the Bridge Order Book shall include the instructions on the safe navigation at the time when the master intends to take rest as well as any other necessary instructions This shall include 1 A brief description of the navigational plan with details of the course to be followed and charts to be used 2 Points which require special consideration strong currents cross traffic etc 3 The time and position when the master is to be called to the bridge 4 The position where the ship has to report to traffic or port control 5 The position where the notice has to be given to engine room one hour notice stand by engine etc 6 Details of any other activities during the night period cleaning gas freeing watch on IG pressure repair work launch calls etc The master shall finish his night order before he is going to take sleep 50 Normally what ranks cannot be relieved for vacation together Considering the operation and safety of the vessel normally the following ranks cannot be relieved together The Master and the Chief Officer The Chief Engineer and the First Engineer The Chief Officer should complete the handover procedure after completion of cargo operation and related documentation unless he is relieved on some other occasions where there is no cargo operation Besides senior engineers should not hand over their duties before or when any major repair or maintenance work is underway The relieved engineers or officers should prepare handover notes to the relieving personnel Copies of the Master and Chief Engineer s handover notes should be sent to the company for filing The Chief Engineer s handover notes should be verified and signed by the Master 51 What ranks should not be allowed to have shore leave at the same time In view of the jobs on board the following positions and ranks can not be allowed to have shore leave at the same time the Master and the Chief Officer the Chief Engineer and the First Engineer the Chief Engineer and Electrician the Bosun and Pumpman in tankers the Chief Cook and Second Cook or mess boy the Chief Officer and Pumpman in tankers Any crew who wants to have shore leave must check with the department head for permission and return to the vessel on time 52 What is the maximum blood alcohol concentration BAC rate for crewing on board According to the STCW95 the BAC shall not be more than 0 08 by weight any time when being tested but the CFR Code of Federal Regulations requires the BAC to be no more than 0 04 Watch keepers are not allowed to drink any alcoholic beverage 4 hours before the watch 公司的毒品和酒精管理政策是根据有关国家公约的规定制定的 船长应该熟知 53 Under heavy weather conditions what preparations should you make before sailing During heavy weather conditions the Master should make the following preparations 1 If possible select a route that can avoid the heavy weather area 2 Inform the crew of the predicted heavy weather and issue a warning Make sure that the warning is known to all crew on board 3 Instruct the Chief Officer to check the hull strength based on stowage calculation cargo loading and stability documents If the ship is not carrying cargo the Master shall ballast the ship to increase the draught and take action to prevent propeller racing reduce oscillating and slamming of the ship 4 Make sure the following holes are closed hatches cargo hold Bosun s store manhole accesses to accommodation spaces and steering gear room tank air pipes sounding caps all water tight doors and water tight openings on the ship 5 Ensure that the Chief Officer adopts measures to prevent movement of cargo and other objects on various parts of the ships 6 Ensure that cargo gears such as derricks cranes and life boat are securely lashed 7 Ensure that the Chief Officer checks the conditions of the stowage of anchors and anchor chains 8 Keep critical checklists on the bridge for reference 54 If the ship is sailing in the heavy weather conditions what should the Master pay attention to If the vessel is navigating in heavy weather the Master should pay attention to the following