2014年外研版英语选修七：module 3 (第1课时)知识点.doc

1.scene n. C(戏剧等的)现场；场景；场面；(戏剧的)一场；(小说的)一节；景色；景象Some of the violent scenes are very disturbing.一些暴力的场面着实令人焦虑。Whats happening in this scene?在这场景中正发生什么事？The play is divided into 3 acts, and each act has 3 scenes.这个剧分为三幕，每一幕又有三个场景。The scene is a perfect dream when you see the sun rising slowly in the east.观看太阳从东方慢慢升起，这种景色确实太美了。知识拓展behind the scenes 在幕后，秘密地 on the scene 在场make a scene 发脾气，吵闹 set the scene for sth. 为某事做准备，促使辨析:scene, scenery, sight & view(1)scene是常用词，指局部的或周围的环境、风景、景色，尤其与观看者看法无关，也可指戏剧、电影、小说等场景、布景。There were distressing scenes when the earthquake occurred.当地震发生后到处都是悲惨的景象。(2)scenery指一个地区的总体形象，尤指农村中风景优美、有自然特色的地方，为不可数名词。We passed through many beautiful scenery on our journey through the Lake District.我们在穿越湖泊区的旅途中，看到了不少美丽的景色。(3)sight作“景物；游览胜地”解时用复数形式，表示各种各样引人兴趣的地方，尤其在城里；作“情景、景象”解时常用单数。They are seeing the sights.他们在参观游览。She enjoyed seeing the sights in Shanghai.她喜欢浏览上海名胜。The sunset was a beautiful sight.日落是一种美丽的景象。(4)view是可数名词，表示从某处可见到的远景，重点指你能够看到的部分。Youll get a fine view of the town from the top of the hill.从山顶上你可以相当清楚地看到城镇的全景。The house has a view over the sea.这座房子面向大海，视野开阔。用scene, scenery, sight和view填空(1)I am looking forward to going to see the _ of London.(2)On the top of the hill we can have a good _ of our city.(3)But the desert also has _ of great beauty.(4)He painted _ of country life.2cruel adj. 冷酷的；残忍的；残暴的I cant stand people who are cruel to animals.我无法容忍虐待动物的人。The cruel master beat his slaves with a whip.残暴的主人鞭打他的奴隶。知识拓展be cruel to 对残忍(冷酷无情) It is cruel of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事太残忍cruelty n. 残酷，残忍；残暴的行为 cruelly adv. 残忍/暴地、冷酷地即学即用用cruel的适当形式填空The_of the_stepmother made the girl mad because she always treated her_.3feed (fed, fed, feeding)(1)vt.喂养；饲养；放牧Have you fed the animals?你喂过动物了吗？供给；给东西吃.The child is old enough to feed himself.孩子大了，能自己吃了。.He has a large family to feed.他有一大家人要养活。(2)vi. 吃东西The horses fed quietly.马在静静地吃草。Cows feed on grass.乳牛以草为食。知识拓展(1)feed on 以为食The southerners feed on rice.南方人以大米为食。(2)feed sb. on/with sth.feed sth. to sb. 用喂Ms. Parker feeds milk to the cat.=Ms. Parker feeds the cat on/with milk.帕克女士用牛奶喂猫。(3)be fed up(with.)极讨厌/厌恶()；吃得过饱Im fed up with her complaining.我听够了她的牢骚。Im so fed up that I cant eat anything more.我吃得太饱了，再也吃不下了。(4)feed(.) high/well (使)吃得又多又好Well fed, well bred.仓廪实而知礼节，衣食足而知荣辱。完成句子(1)农民们用厨房里的剩饭喂猪。Peasants _ kitchen waste _ the pigs.(2)食肉动物，如狮子、豹、鬣狗，以食草动物为食。Meateaters, such as the lion, leopard, and hyena _ _the grasseaters.4serve vi. & vt.(1)为()服务；接待顾客Will you serve him?你去照应一下他好吗？Can I serve you in any way?我能帮你忙吗？注意：serve作“为服务”解时是及物动词，其后要直接跟宾语，如不能说：We should serve for our country.而应说：We should serve our country.(2)服役；供职He serves in the navy.他在海军服役。(3)(与as连用)适合；可做；适于This box will serve as a seat.这箱子可当作座椅。This platform would serve as a port and a railway station.这个平台将用作港口和火车站。(4)开(饭)；上(菜)；斟酒I shall serve lunch at one oclock.我一点给大家开饭。知识拓展serve sb.(with)sth.serve sth. to sb. 为上菜/斟酒The waiter served us(with)wineThe waiter served wine to us.服务生为我们倒酒。service n. 服务/役；开饭；公共设施at ones service 随时帮助某人即学即用完成句子(1)我的朋友下个月就要退休了，他在国际奥委会服务了一生。My friend, who _ _ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.(2)如果你需要参考意见，我随时可以帮你忙。If you need advice, I am _ _ _.5eager adj. 热切的；渴望的She is eager for her parents approval.她渴望得到父母的赞许。Everyone in the class is eager to learn.班里的每个人都热爱学习。知识拓展(1)eager的常用搭配：be eager for渴求，想得到，盼望；be eager to do渴望做某事(2)“渴望”的多种说法：have a desire/thirst for；have an appetite for; be thirsty/eager for; long for; be anxious for辨析:eager，anxiouseager“渴望的，热衷的”，强调一种积极向上的心态。anxious“焦急的，忧虑的”，侧重“忧虑”，强调一种焦急不安的心态。I am eager for success.我渴望成功。He was anxious for his family who were traveling abroad.他担心在国外旅行的家眷。介词填空When my own daughter was five years old, I became eager _ another baby.6whisper(1)n. 耳语；私语；密谈；(指风)飒飒的声音a low whisper 喃喃低语 speak in a whisper 低声说I could detect only the merest whispers.我只能听到低低的私语。His voice fell/sank to a whisper.他的声音减弱成耳语/喁喁细语。I could hear the whisper of wind in the pines.我能听到松林间飒飒的风声。(2)v. 耳/低语；密谈whisper sth. to sb.whisper to sb. about sth. 把某事悄声告诉某人；跟某人密谈What are you two whispering about over there?你们俩在那里在嘀咕些什么？The children were whispering in the corner.那些小孩在角落里说着悄悄话。完成句子詹姆斯俯身跟汤姆低声说了些什么。James leaned over to _ _ _ Tom.7desperate adj. 绝望的；孤注一掷的；极严重的His failure made him desperate.他因失败而铤而走险。The country is in a desperate state.那个国家处于非常危急的困境。Desperate situations demand desperate remedies.(谚)绝境要用绝招。(desperate前者意为“绝望的，极严重的”，后者意为“孤注一掷的，极强烈的”。)知识拓展(1)be desperate for.渴望得到 be desperate with 因而孤注一掷A man lost in the desert was desperate for water.在沙漠中迷失方向的人极度渴望得到水。(2)desperation n. 不顾一切，绝望 desperately adv. 绝望地，渴望地 despair v. 绝望，失望辨析:desperate, hopelessThe prisoners grew more desperate.犯人们在绝望中更加不顾死活了。Its hopeless trying to convince her.要说服她是没有希望的。desperate因绝望而不顾一切、铤而走险。hopeless不抱有任何希望而甘愿忍受可能发生的一切。即学即用完成句子(1)时间即将过去，我们越来越绝望了。Time was running out and we were _ _.(2)这支球队急需一场胜利。The team _ _ _ a win.8support(1)vt.支持；托住These posts support the roof.这些柱子支撑着房顶。资助；鼓励；帮助.She supports her husband on the money she earns from teaching.她用教书挣的钱资助丈夫。.A man supports his family.男人养家。拥护；支持Which football team do you support?你支持哪个足球队？(2)n.C支托；支撑There are two large wooden supports that hold up the roof.有两根大木柱支撑着房顶。U捧场的人；支持者The theater gets a lot of support.这家剧院有众多的捧场者。知识拓展in support of 支持 support sb. against 支持某人反对support in 在方面给予支持 supporter n. 支持者；拥护者完成句子(1)凡是正义的事业，我们都给予支持。We give _ _ all just causes.(2)她发言支持这项计划。She spoke _ _ _ the project.9seize v. 抓住；占领；夺取；理解Seize the day, seize the hour.只争朝夕。The army seized the fort.军队占领了这个要塞。The class which seizes the political power will be the ruling class.哪个阶级夺取了政权就成为统治阶级。He couldnt seize what I said.他不理解我的话。知识拓展seize on 抓住(机会)；利用Bob seize on the rain as an excuse for missing school.鲍勃利用下雨作为不上学的借口。单句改错The policeman seized the thief in the arm._10hang v. 吊死；绞死；悬挂；吊；垂下；悬而未决She wanted to hang a picture on the wall.她想把画挂在墙上。They were convicted of genocide and hanged for their crimes.他们被判以灭绝种族的大屠杀罪而处以绞刑。Her hair hung down to her waist.她的长发垂及腰际。The last Ming emperor hanged himself from this tree.明朝最后一个皇帝就是在这棵树上吊死的。知识拓展hang表示不同词义时其过去式，过去分词形式不同。hang v绞死；吊死hanged, hanged规则动词hang v吊，悬挂hung, hung不规则动词记忆诀窍：不守规则的“吊起”，而守规则的却“绞死”。语法填空The picture_(hang) on the wall is painted by my nephew.11reward n. C报酬；奖赏；奖金vt. 酬谢；奖赏He worked hard but without much reward.他工作努力但报酬不多。A 1,000 reward has been offered for the return of the stolen painting.悬赏1000英镑寻找失窃的画。He rewarded me with a prize.他给了我一笔奖金作为酬谢。知识拓展in reward for 为酬谢reward v给某人报酬，奖赏某人reward sb. for (doing)sth. 因为(做)某事而奖赏某人rewarding adj.值得做的，令人满意的He was rewarded with a knighthood for his service to the government.他因为政府服务而被授予爵位。Teaching is not very rewarding financially.教书的工作报酬不太高。辨析:award, prize, rewardaward可作动词，也可作名词，指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往指正式地或官方地颁发prize多指在比赛或抽奖中所赢的奖，这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得reward可作动词，也可作名词，指对某人的工作或服务等的报酬，意为“报答；奖励；报酬”即学即用用award, prize, reward填空(1)The police are offering a big _ for information about the robbery.(2)The film won an Oscar _ for 1985.(3)The 2012 Nobel _ in Literature was _ to Mo Yan.1.in astonishment 惊讶地；吃惊地He looked at me in astonishment.他惊奇地望着我。I stood up in astonishment.我惊愕地站了起来。知识拓展(1)astonish vt. 使吃惊The news astonished everybody.这消息使每个人都感到惊讶。We were astonished to hear that their football team had won the champion.听说他们的足球队获得了冠军，这真叫人意想不到。(2)习惯用语be astonished at sth. 对某事感到惊讶to ones astonishment 使人吃惊的是即学即用用astonishment短语完成句子(1)我喊她时，她吃惊地抬起头来看我。She looked up at me _ _ when I called her.(2)使我们惊奇的是，他们准时来到了。_ _ _， they arrived on time.2in a.voice 用声音(说)；以声地“Mr Harmsworth，”I said in a weak voice.“哈姆斯沃思先生，”我低声地说。The little girl spoke in a high childish voice.小女孩说话时声音尖尖的，带着童音。知识拓展voice相关词组还有：at the top of ones voice 高声地be in(good)voice 嗓子好give voice to 说出；表达；吐露in my voice 以我的名义with one voice 异口同声地；一致地即学即用完成句子“我等不及了！”蒂姆激动地说道。“I cant wait！”Tim said_ _ _ _.3put up张贴；搭建；举起；投宿，留(某人)住在家中The lady put up some posters to look for her pet dog.那位女士张贴了一些海报来寻找她的宠物狗。After the earthquake in Yunnan, many tents were put up for the local residents.在云南地震之后，政府为当地居民搭建了许多临时帐篷。In China, students are required to put up their hands before asking questions in class.在中国，在课堂上学生问问题时应先举手。知识拓展put away 收拾起来put forward 提出(意见、建议)put off 延期；推迟put on 穿上；上演put out 熄灭；扑灭put up with 忍受；忍耐即学即用完成句子(1)你们下个月到城里来时我们将很乐意为你们提供膳宿。We shall be happy to _ _ _ when you come to town next month.(2)今天可以干的事绝不要拖到明天。Never _ _ till tomorrow what may be done today.1.Oliver is a poor orphan boy who lives with other children in a large house called a workhouse.奥利弗是个穷苦的孤儿，他和其他的孩子住在被称作济贫院的大房子里。(1)who lives with other children.是以关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰a poor orphan boy。关系代词在从句中作主语。The students who dont study hard will not pass the exam.学习不努力的学生将不能通过考试。(2)called a workhouse是过去分词短语作定语，修饰a large house。在这里表示被动意义。Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.大多数被邀请参加晚会的人都是有名的科学家。The meeting held yesterday was of great importance.昨天举行的会议很重要。高考直击语法填空(2013湖南改编)Happiness and success often come to those_ are good at recognizing their own strengths.即学即用语法填空(1)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.(2)“Its such a nice place，” Mother said as she sat at the table _(reserve) for customers.2When they had cleaned their bowls in this way, they would sit staring at the pot with eager eyes, as if they wanted to eat it.他们把碗这样刮干净以后，就坐在那儿，眼巴巴地瞅着汤锅，似乎要把它吞进肚子。这是一个比较复杂的主从复合句，主句是they would sit.；when引导时间状语从句；staring at.是现在分词短语，作sit的伴随状语；as if引导方式状语从句。as if(as though)引导的从句是比喻或夸大了的，用虚拟语气。He walks as if he were drunk.他走起路来就好像喝醉了酒。即学即用语法填空The two strangers talked with each other as if they_(be) friends for years.3There was one boy who was tall for his age, and was not used to being hungry all the time, as his father had kept a small cook shop.其中有个男孩子，个子比同龄人高，而且不习惯总这么挨饿，因为他父亲开过一家小饭铺。这是一个比较复杂的主从复合句，who was tall for his age, and was not used to being hungry all the time是一个定语从句，修饰先行词one boy，这个定语从句是由and连接的两个并列句；as引导原因状语从句，在这个原因状语从句中使用了过去完成时。They all stayed indoors that day, as it was stormy.那天他们都没出门，因为有风暴。知识拓展as作从属连词的其他用法归纳：(1)引导比较状语从句，意为“与一样”。Are you as good at Chinese as him?你像他那样精通中文吗？(2)引导时间状语从句，意为“当时，一边一边，随着”，表示主句动作与从句动作同时发生，同时进行。如：They sang songs as they were doing farm work.他们一边干农活，一边唱歌。He was waiting for a bus as he was reading.他一边等车一边看报。(3)引导让步状语从句。意为“尽管，虽然”。此时可将作表语的形容词、名词或作状语的副词置于句首，且名词前不用任何冠词，有时还可将动词提前。Much as I like you，I couldnt live with you.(状语提前)我尽管很喜欢你，却不能和你在一起生活。Talented as he is，he is not yet ready to turn professional.(表语提前)别看他有天分，他还没把心用到专业上去。Child as he was，he knew a lot of things.(名词作表语时提前，名词前不用冠词)尽管他是个孩子，但他知道很多事情。(4)引导方式状语从句。意为“照方式，如，按照”。Do as I told you just now and youll make progress in your studies.按我刚刚告诉你的去做，你就会在学习上取得进步的。即学即用用as完成句子(1)她由于生病可能需要帮助。_ _ _ _ill perhaps shell need some help.(2)我虽然还小，可是对要从事的职业已胸有成竹了。_ _ _ _， I already know what career I want to follow.4Not until at least 30 seconds had passed, was the man able to speak.至少过了三十秒钟，他才说出话来。这是一个倒装句，意为“直到才”，原陈述句为：The man was not able to speak until at least thirty seconds had passed. until在此句中是连词，引导时间状语从句。当until引导的状语从句放在句首时，not应一块提前，主句要倒装。Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。Not until next week will the sports meet be held.直到下周才开运动会。即学即用完成句子直到我开始工作时才意识到，我已经浪费了很多时间。Not until I began to work _ _ _ how much time I had wasted.5No sooner had the boy spoken these words than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon.孩子的话刚出口，大师傅就操起了勺子狠狠地敲他的脑袋。(1)no sooner.than.是连词词组，表示主句动作发生，从句动作随即发生，意为“一就；刚就”。引导时间状语从句，主句通常用过去完成时，从句通常用一般过去时。不论在主句还是从句中，一般都不能用一般现在时和一般将来时。no sooner位于句首时，要用倒装语序。No sooner had she arrived at the station than the train started to leave.(She had no sooner arrived at the station than the train started to leave)她一到车站火车就开了。No sooner had he heard the news that he fainted.他刚一听到消息，就晕倒了。知识拓展(1)同义句型：hardly.when.刚一就He had hardly finished the article when the light went out.Hardly had he finished the article when the light went out.他刚写完文章，灯就熄了。(2)表示“一就”的短语还有：as soon as, on(ones) doing, the moment/minuteIll write to you as soon as I get to Beijing.我一到北京就给你写信。On arriving at the station, he called me up.他一到达车站就给我打了电话。I entered the meeting room the moment I thought of something I had left in my classroom.我一走进会议室就想起我把某个东西忘到教室里了。(2)hit sb. on the head 打某人的头知识拓展(1)表示“抓住某人某身体部位”时可说take/hold/catch/seize sb. by the hand/collar/sleeve抓住某人的手/衣领/衣袖。(2)表示“打某人某身体部位”时可说pat/strike/hit sb. on the head/nose/shoulder/back打某人的头/鼻子/肩膀/背或pat/strike/hit sb. in the face/leg/arm打某人的脸/腿/胳膊。She hit him on the head.她敲他的脑袋。The girl slapped her boyfriend