比较级和最高级.doc

比较级 编辑 比较级（Comparative Degree）就是将二者进行比较产生的词形，是由形容词原级转化而来的，一般是在原级后面加er,也有一些不规则的转化，比如goodbetter，badworse，有很多。相对二者的比较，还有三者及以上的比较，这时就产生了最高级。在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词：在形容词或副词前加more(如 more natural,more clearly )或加后缀 -er(newer,sooner )。典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加。英语句子中，将比较两个主体的方法叫做“比较句型”。其中，像“A比B更”的表达方式称为比较级。组成句子的方式是将形容词或副词变化成比较级的形态。单音节形容词和部分双音节词，一般在词尾加-er。以字母e结尾的词，在词尾直接加-r。重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母，元音发短音时，双写尾字母，再加er。以辅音字母+y“结尾的双音节词，变”y“为”i“，再加-er。多音节词和部分双音节词，在词前加”more“。部分形容词和副词的比较级是不规则的，如：good/well-better，bad/badly-worse。由“动词+后缀-ing/-ed”构成的形容词，在词前加more构成比较级。如：interesting-more interesting，bored-more bored。由“形容词+后缀-ly”构成的副词，在该副词前加more构成比较级。如：slowly-more slowly，happily- more happily。一般1. 表示比.更。用比较级形容词+than+比较成分, than后主词的述语动词往往省略, 非正式用法的than后的人称代名词可用受格。He is younger than me.他比我年轻。I am a better swimmer than he（him）.我游泳比他好。2. 表示较.低; 不及.用less+原级形容词+than+比较成分。I am less young than he （is）.我不比他年轻。3. 表示两者之中较., 用the+比较级+of the two。This one is the bigger of the two houses.这所房子是两座房子中较大的。4. 定冠词或指示形容词+比较级+名词表示比较。The taller boy is John.那个身材较高的男孩子是约翰。5. 有少数以ior结尾的形容词, 如inferior（次于）, junior（年幼的;下级的）, posterior（之后）, prior（之前）, senior（年长的,上级的）, superior（优于）等本身就有比较的意思, 常与介系词to连用。This method is superior to that one.这种方法优于那种方法。6. 比较形容词可以被副词如a little（一点）,much（得多）, even（更加）, still（更加）, far（.的多）等修饰, 但不可用very修饰。翻译: 现在的生活简单得多了。（误）Life is very easier than it was twenty years ago.（正）Life is very much easier than it was twenty years ago.特殊no more than 与一样不not morethan 没有那样，不如not less than 不亚于more than 不止，仅仅，非常，极其 This more than satisfied me.more than a little 非常not more than 不多于 no （not any） more than不过，仅仅no less than 有之多，多达 not less than 至少，不下于neither more nor less than 恰好，不多不少,简直，和完全一样better than 多于，超过 It is better than 20 km to the station.（in） less than no time 立即，一会儿（be） little/no better than 实际上，简直就是nothing less than 完全是，和一模一样all the more 越发，更加any （the） less 较小/更小一些,小的all the better 更好，更加so much the better/worse （for sb./sth.） 甚至更好/更坏go one better （than sb./sth.） 胜过一筹morethan 与其说不如说would sooner/ratherthan 与其宁愿（be） more likethan 不像倒像ratherthan/rather than 宁可而不other than 除了，除之外ratherthan otherwise 不是别的而是no/none other than 正是，除之外无其他no more 不再，不复存在，也不，也没有less than 不more often than no 经常，多半see more/less of someone 更常/少见；再/少见到none + the + 比较级 毫不，毫无have seen better days 情况转坏think better of sth. 改变的念头for better or （for） worse 无论好坏，同甘共苦all the better 因而更加more than meets the eye/ear 另有隐情，并非表面那么简单的More is meant than, meets the ear. 意在言外There is more （ to it ） than meets the eyes. 现象背后有文章the+比较级,the+比较级. 越，越无比较级单词编辑表示国籍的形容词没有比较级和最高级.例如：Chinese（中国的）,English（英国的）,Japanese（日本的）等等表示方位和时间的形容词没有比较级和最高级.例如：east（东边的,东方的）,west（西边的,西方的）past（过去的）等等表示绝对概念的词和已达极限的形容词没有比较级和最高级.例如：perfect（完美的）,blind（瞎的）,dead（死的）等等说明物体材质和形状的形容词没有比较级和最高级.例如：solid（固体的）,round（圆形的）,plastic（塑料的）等等表示数字、顺序或者时间的形容词没有比较级和最高级.例如：next（下一个）,several（若干的）,daily（每天的）等等在语法上做表语的表示状态的形容词没有比较级和最高级.例如：alone（孤独的）,awake（醒来的）,alive（活着的）等等本身就有比较级含义的形容词没有比较级和最高级例如：junjor（年少的）,minor（次要的）,superior（上等的）等等同样,此类词汇的另一个特点是：不能用表示程度的副词如（very ,so）等等来修饰.例如：very dead, so awake是错误的基本句型同级比较由“as + 形容词原型 + as”或“as + 形容词 + 名词 + as”构成。My grandpa is as energetic as a young man.Exercise is as useful a way as any other to lose unwanted weight.I try to find as much information as I can about what happened.由“not so （as） + 形容词或副词原型 + as”或“not so （as） + 形容词 + 名词 + as”构成。Luckily， the weather is not so wet as it is today.降级比较由“形容词比较级+ than”构成。He is more concerned about others than about himself.由“many / much more + 可数 / 不可数名词 + than”My friend earned much more money than I did last year.特殊句型编辑表示“越来越”的意思： “比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more / less and less + 原级”结构，与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow,get,become等。She felt herself becoming more and more nervous.As the winter is drawing near,its getting colder and colder.表示两者之间更the + 比较级 + of the two + 名词。Jane is the taller of the two children in our family.表示“越”：“the + 比较级，”，The more magazines you sell,the more money you will get.“否定 + 比较级” 相当于最高级。 Wait until we get a satisfactory reply,will you? I couldnt agree more. The idea sounds great to me.“a + 比较级 + 名词（than）” 结构常出现在以never构成的完成时态的动词后面。How beautifully she sings！I have never heard a better voice.倍数表示法：times as +形容词原级 + as；times + 形容词比较级 + than；times the + 性质名词 + of。The dining hall is three times as large as that one.The dining hall is three times larger than that one.The dining hall is three times the size of that one.比较级表示最高级英语中用比较级句型可以表最高级的含义，较为常见的有下列几种形式：1、直接使用比较级 How beautiful she sings! Ive never heard a better voice. = She has the best voice Ive ever heard. I have never read a more interesting novel. = It is the most interesting novel Ive ever read.any other + n.（单）2、比较级+ than + the other +n.（复）any of the other + n.（复） She goes to school earlier than the other girls. He works harder than any other student. China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.3、比较级 + than + anything/ anyone else George did more work than anyone else. Tom cared more for money than for anything else.4、在比较句型中使用 no, nobody, nothing + better than 等词。 I like nothing better than swimming. Nobody can do the work better than he did. No other building is as grand as the new hotel.5、one of + the +adj.最高级 + n.（复） “最 的之一” eg. Paper-making is one of the greatest inventions of ancient China.6、the + 序数词 + adj.最高级 + n.（单） + in短语 “第几（长、大、远）” eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.7、adj.最高级 可用在选择疑问句中，常用句型：Which/ Who A, B or C? eg. Which city is the biggest, Beijing, Shanghai or Chongqing?8、当adj.最高级 前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格 修饰时，省掉最高级前的定冠词the。eg. Linda is my sisters best friend.注意为了避免重复，常用the one of代替单数可数名词，the ones,those 代替复数名词,that 代替单数或不可数名词。当比较对象属于同一范围时，需使用other来排除自身，否则会造成与自身相比较的矛盾。Canada is larger than any other country in North America.“no + 形容词的比较级 + than”结构表达对两者均否定。Dont be proud so early. You are no better than me比较级前面可以用even,still,yet,any,much,a little,a lot,by far等修饰语用以加强语气或表示比较程度。To tell you the truth,my boyfriend is much older than me.两个比较对象用and连在一起可表达全面增加或减少，意为“越来越”。The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 天气越来越暖和She is becoming more and more beautful. 她越来越漂亮考题思路关键词答题 The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _.A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest【解析】答案选B。做此题的关键词是new，即把“新来的学生”与“早些时候呆在这儿的学生”进行比较。全句意为：新来的这群学生比早些时候呆在这儿的那些学生表现得更好些。 Do you need any help,Lucy?Yes,the job is _ I could do myself.A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than【解析】答案选B。做此题要抓的关键词是yes，由于答话者对问话者的“你需要帮助吗？”作了肯定回答，说明答话者独自完成工作有困难，故填more than。 Of the two coats,Id choose the _ one to spare some money for a book.A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive【解析】答案选B。关键词是句中的two，因是两者比较，可将答案锁定在B和C之间；再根据句意，排除C。通过分析隐含意思答题 There is an old proverb，“Love me,love my dog. ” But there is _ wisdom in this: “Love me,love my book.”A. some B. much C. more D. most【解析】答案选C。这道题出得非常巧妙，句中既没有显示比较级的关键词，也没有暗示用比较级的than。而是将“Love me,love my dog”与“Love me,love my book”两句进行比较，要求考生根据这两句话的内容确定哪句话更有wisdom。 With April 18s railway speedup,highway and air transport will have to compete with _ service for passengers.A. good B. better C. best D. the best【解析】答案选B。句子大意为：由于铁路提速了，所以高速公路和航空业要提高服务质量来竞争客源。因将“高速公路和航空”与“铁路”比较，故用比较级。 The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted _ if it had been put in the fridge for a little while.A. good B. better C. best D. well【解析】B。题目中将“放入冰箱中冷冻”与“不放入冰箱中冷冻”作比较，故用比较级。句意为：史密斯家人晚餐时上的甜瓜若能放入冰箱中冷冻一下味道会更好些。 Speaking of all the songs he has written,I think this is probably his _ one.A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known【解析】C。因为是从他所写的所有歌中选出一首来比较，故用最高级。修饰关系答题 After two years research,we now have a _ better understanding of the disease.A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite【解析】B。这四个副词中，通常只有far可用于修饰比较。注：quite有时也可用于修饰比较better，但它只用于表示“身体康复”，不用于其他意义。 Work gets done _ when people do it together,and the rewards are higher too.A. easily B. very easy C. more easily D. easier【解析】C。根据题意可知，说话者是将 when people do it together 和 when people dont do it together 这两种情况比较，故选比较级。注意不要选 D，因为在此题是要用副词修饰动词，不能用形容词。另外，根据句末的 higher too 也可知道此题是考查比较级。重要考点比较等级的基本用法 Of the two sisters,Betty is _ one,and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. （安徽卷）A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest【解析】答案选C。根据句中的of the two sisters可知，此题涉及的是两者比较，故用比较级；另外，由于是特指两者中的一个，故其前用定冠词，不用不定冠词。 Of the two coats,Id choose the _ one to spare some money for a book. （四川卷）A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive【解析】答案选B。故用比较级，可将答案锁定在B和C之间；再根据句意，排除C。 Speaking of all the songs he has written,I think this is probably his _ one. （全国卷）A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known【解析】答案选C。因为是从他所写的所有歌中选出一首来比较，故用最高级。在语境中比较等级的用法 I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen _. （江西卷）A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst【解析】答案选B。既然前文说“这不是最最烦人的电影”，那么下文说的肯定就“还有更糟的”，故用worse。有意思的是，2006年的这道江西卷的考题与下面这道2004年的湖南卷极为相似：That doesnt sound very frightening. Paul,Ive seen _. What did you like most about the film? （湖南卷）A. better B. worse C. best D. worst由前句“这听起来并不十分令人恐惧”可知，说话人曾见过比这个更令人恐惧的事，所以用比较级worse。 There is an old proverb，“Love me,love my dog. ” But there is _ wisdom in this: “Love me,love my book.” （湖南卷）A. some B. much C. more D. most【解析】答案选C。由于是将“Love me,love my dog”与“Love me,love my book”进行比较，故用比较级。此题的巧妙之处在于句中没有出现than，而是给出两个待比较的proverb。 With April 18s railway speedup,highway and air transport will have to compete with _ service for passengers. （江苏卷）A. good B. better C. best D. the best【解析】答案选B。句子大意为：由于铁路提速了，所以公路和航空业要提高服务质量来竞争客源。因将“公路和航空”与“铁路”比较，故用比较级。“否定词+a+比较级”结构 Your story is perfect. Ive never heard _ before. （全国卷）A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one【解析】答案选C。“否定词（尤其是never）+a+比较级”的意思是“从来没有一个更的”，这类结构通常可视为在其后省略了一个than短语，做题时要注意根据具体的语境作出正确的理解，如：I have never read a better article. 我从未读过（比这篇文章）更好的文章（=这是我所读过的最好的文章）。I have never seen a worse film. 我从没看过（比这部电影）更糟的电影（=这是我所看过的最糟的电影）。本题中的Ive never heard a better one before的意思是“我从未听到过（比你这个事故）更好听的事故”。 Did you enjoy yourself at the party?Yes. Ive never been to _ one before. （四川卷）A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting【解析】答案选C。Ive never been to a more exciting one before实为Ive never been to a more exciting one before than this one. 其意为“我从未参加过比这个晚会更令人兴奋的晚会”，即“这是我参加过最令人兴奋的晚会”。又如：Ive never had a worse morning than today. 我哪一天早上也不像今天早上这样倒霉。若意思明确，有时可省略than结构：He is fine,never better. 他很好，比以往任何时候都好。注意：有时根据不同语法结构的需要，也可能没有不定冠词。如：No news could be more delightful to me. 这消息最令我高兴。I have never drunk better beer. 我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。比较等级的修饰语After two years research,we now have a _ better understanding of the disease. （全国卷）A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite【解析】答案选B。这四个副词中，通常只有far可用于修饰比较级。注：quite有时也可用于修饰比较级better，但它只用于表示“身体康复”，不用于其他意义。相似比较级结构的区别Do you need any help,Lucy?Yes. The j