精读材料范文

精读材料范文精读材料范文 课本Unit11Philosophy of life HappinessIt has been widelynoted thathappiness is very importantto ourlife However what ishappiness It seemsdifficult todefine for differentpeople have different ideas Some people are brought up thatmost importantthing in their life They obtainhappiness fromseeking fameand profit Other peopleare inpursuit ofmental edification开导 They servepeople heartand souland find happiness fromit In myview aording tophilosophy everything is in processof developmentincluding happiness We spareno effortto achieveour goaland obtainhappiness fromsuess However after thatwe have another newaim to achieve There is no limitto gaininglasting happiness Then how to obtainhappiness I thinktrue happinesscan begot in the followingways In the first instance true happiness es fromhard work A studentis veryhappy whenhe hasgotten highscore inhis examinations His happiness is theresult ofhis hardand patientstudy Thus happiness abounds富有in hardwork Secondly happiness isrooted inoptimistic attitude In our daily life we shouldface a lot ofproblems which maylead tosetbacks缺点 If thesedefeatist失败主义者sentiments情感seize us happiness will be faraway fromus The onlyway isright attitudeand sparingno effortto overeit thenyou canfind happiness Last butnot least happinessesfrom frugality节省 Many exampledisplay peoplespending moneywastefully forsatisfaction of their desiresmay sufferfrom povertyin thelong run So livinga simple and contentlife makesone happyand cheerful All in all happiness isvery importantto ourlife The goodmethod tofindhappinessis makingour mentalityand physicalityboth strong A Everyone has their owndefinition of happiness An officialdefinition of happinessis that astate ofwell being andcontentment A pleasurableor satisfyingexperience Aording to the definition can youtell methe factorsto behappy B yeah Firistly health is the keyto happiness only astrong mancan enjoythe pleasureoflife So Ibelieve anunhappy manwould bebetter tochoose walkingor takingexercises insteadof thinkingabout howto gethappiness byday andnight A You areright Secondly happiness consistsin contentment A manwho isdissatisfied withhis presentcondition is always indistress Try toenjoy what you have and don t longfor whatyou cannot obtain B Thirdly I thinkwe should have optimisticattitude We shouldlove people and everythingaround usat heart I exactlybelieve that the happiestpeoplearethose wholove manythings They lovefamily andfriends They lovelife They haveeven learnedto lovepain anddespair ratherthan viewingthem as the oppositeofhappinessA As faras I m concerned life is not whatother people s thinking but isyour insidefeeling Happiness esfrom ourselves Being happyisverysimple just likewe drinkwater when we arethirsty andwe eatwhenwefeel hungryB We shouldlearn to be thankfulfor and appreciative ofwhatyou haveandwhere you are on your pathright now 课本Unit12Film Appreciation 1 Standard ofbeauty 审美标准 The differentstandard aboutappearance andbehavior indifferent dynastyWe knowthat people living indifferent dynastyhave different opinion aboutappearance andbehavior sometime theopinion isopposite I willgive some examples toprove this First people have different opinionabout humanappearance It iswell knownthat there are twovery famouspretty women one is called zhaofeiyanwho livedin Handynasty another iscalled yangyuhuanwho livedin Tangdynasty In handynasty people s opinionabout beautywas that women who was thinwould bethought pretty It saidthat Zhaofeiyanwas sothin thatshe coulddance in the palm so shewas consideredmost prettywomen andbecame theempress On thecontrary peoplelivingin tangdynasty thoughtthat women whowasplump waspretty Yangyuhuan was a plumpwomenwhowas thewife of the sonof kingdom But kingdomloved hervery machand lether beeempress Interestingly the twowomen bothcause alarge politioup Second people have differentopinionabout humanbehavior In ancienttimes the Chinesewomen s propermoral characterwas thethree obedienceand thefour virtues The threeobedience meanthat womanshould obeyher fatherbefore marriage her husbandwhen married and hersons afterher husbanddead The fourvirtues meanthat womenshould havemorality proper speech modest mannerand diligentwork But now the standardof womenbehavior hasbee tothatwomenare moreand moreindependent They canwork andearn money it makethey don t needdepending on their husband 2 feminism 女权主义 Feminism isboth anintellectual mitmentand apolitical movementthat seeksjustice forwomen and the endof sexismin allforms However there aremany differentkinds offeminism Feminists disagreeabout whatsexism consistsin and whatexactly oughtto bedone aboutit they disagreeabout whatit meansto bea womanor aman andwhat socialand politicalimplications genderhas orshouldhave Noheless motivated by the questfor socialjustice feminist inquiryprovides awide rangeof perspectiveson social cultural economic and politicalphenomena Important topicsfor feministtheory andpolitics include the body class andwork disability the family globalization human rights popular culture race andracism reproduction science the self sex work human trafficking and sexuality Extended discussionof thesetopics is included in the sub entries tofeminism inthis encyclopedia The term feminism has many different usesand itsmeanings are often contested For example some writersuse theterm feminism to referto ahistorically specificpolitical movementin theUS andEurope other writersuse itto referto thebelief that there areinjustices againstwomen though there isnoconsensus on the exactlist of these injustices In manyof itsforms feminism seemsto involveat leasttwo groupsof claims one normativeand the other descriptive The normativeclaims concernhow womenought or oughtnot to beviewed andtreated anddraw ona backgroundconception of justice orbroad moralposition the descriptiveclaims concernhow womenare as amatter offact viewed andtreated alleging thatthey are not beingtreated inaordance with the standardsofjusticeor moralityinvoked in the normativeclaims 课本Unit13Management How to bea charismaticleader Charisma is a qualitythat canenable youto aomplishalmost everythingyou couldever wantfaster thanyou canimagine It is a qualitythat allhighly suessfulpeople havedeveloped and use to their advantagein everythingthey do Charisma is a personalmagic of leadership thatarouses loyaltyand enthusiasmin other people It is a specialquality ofmagism that each personhas andthateachperson usesto acertain degree You havea specialcharisma to the peoplewho look up to you who respectand admireyou the membersof yourfamily friends andcoworkers Whenever andwherever a person feelsa positiveemotion towardanother he orshe imbuesthat personwith charisma or attractiveness Charisma isbased onthe Lawof Attraction This lawstates thatyou inevitablyattract intoyour lifepeople andcircumstances thatharmonize with your dominantthoughts You area livingmag and you are constantlyradiating thoughtwaves like aradio radiatessound waves that arepicked upby otherpeople Your thoughts intensified byyour emotions as radiowaves areintensified byelectrical impulses go outfrom youand arepicked upby anyonewho istuned into a similarwavelength You thenattract intoyour lifepeople ideas opportunities resources circumstances and anythingelse that is consistentwith yourdominant frameof mind You canincrease yourcharisma and the magismof yourpersonality bysetting clear goals for yourself making plansto achievethem and workingon yourplans withdiscipline anddetermination everyday The wholeworld seemsto moveaside for the personwho knowsexactly wherehe orshe isgoing In fact the cleareryouareabout yourpurpose andgoals the morelikely peoplewill beto attributeother positivequalities toyou They willsee you or perceiveyou as beinga betterand moreadmirable human being And whenyou havecleargoals you begin attracting toyourself thepeople andopportunities necessary to makethose goalsa reality You musthave strongself confidence todevelop charisma Men andwomen withcharisma havean intensebelief in themselves and in whatthey aredoing They areusually calm cool and posedabout themselvesand theirwork Your levelof self confidence isoften demonstratedin yourcourage andyour willingnessto dowhatever isnecessarytoachieve apurpose thatyou believein One of the mostadmirable qualitiesofleaders which lendsapersoncharisma in the perceptionof others is thecapacity tostep forwardand takecharge The leaderaepts pleteresponsibility forgetting thejob done without makingexcuses andblaming anyone When youtake pleteresponsibility foryourself andyour actions you experiencea tremendoussense ofcontrol andpower thatenhances yourfeeling ofwell being andthat generates the charisma that isso importanttoyouinattractingthe helpof others You candevelop the kind ofcharismathatopens doorsforyouby goingto workon yourself consistently andpersistently and beingthekindof personeveryone canadmire andlookupto In thefinal analysis that iswhat charismais allabout Howtotern an idea into a business Do youhaveanidea for a business Perhaps theonly ideayouhaveisthatyou needanideaso you can starta business Before turningany ideaintoa business you mustfirst havea planto sueed Behind everysuessful businessyou ll findat leastone greatidea For mostpeople the definition of asuessful businessis onewhich isprofitable and aprofitable businessis builtupon ideasthat havebeen properlyresearched Here aresome stepsyoucantake toresearch your idea andturn itintoaprofitable business Make alist of the reasonswhy youwant to go intobusiness foryourself Make alist of the thingsyou like to do with yourtime Suess canbe elusiveif you renottruly excitedabout yourbusiness What areyour interestsand hobbies What areyou goodat What dootherpeoplesay youare goodat This listrepresents broadbusiness modelswhich willgive youthe greatestjoy overtime Decide whichitem s on yourlist youwould mostliketodevelop intoabusiness Focus onfilling aniche It isyour expertise uniquely practicedand appliedwithin yourbusiness field that createsyour nichein themarket Throughout theresearch stageof youridea pay closeattention tohow yourbusiness canfill aniche Talk tofriends orfamily whoown orwork ina similarbusiness Get their input onyouridea What needsimproved on Why shouldit beimproved andhow Talk tobusiness ownersin neighboringtowns so youwon t beperceived as a petitor and gettheirinputonyouridea These peoplewill likelyhave insightsyou neverconsidered Participate indiscussion forums This isa greatway totake thepulse of your potentialcustomers You canalso seetrends get feedback and establishworking relationshipswith like minded people Evaluate thedemand foryour productor service You needto understandthe paceand directionofyourindustry This understandingalerts youto shortingswithyouridea andhelps youchannel yourenergies correctly It alsohelps youapproach yourbusiness withinnovation andvision 课本Unit14Language Discussthe Chinese and Americancultural perceptionsof color What doAmericans associatewith thefollowing black white red pink blue In mostWestern countrieswhite is the color for brides In the East it sthe colorformourning andfunerals White isoften associatedwithe hospitals especially doctors nurses and dentists Some culturesviewed white as the color ofroyalty or of dieties Angels aretypically depictedas wearingwhite In earlyWesterns thegood guywore whitewhile thebad guywore black In somecultures red denotespurity joy and celebration In China red osthe color ofhappinessand prosperityand maybe usedto attractgood luck Red isoften the color wornby bridesin theEast In mostWestern countriesblack is thecolor of mourning Among youngpeople black isoften seenasacolor ofrebellion Black isboth positiveand negative It is thecolorfor littleboys in China Black especially binedwith orangeis thecolor ofHalloween In earlyWesterns thegood guywore whitwhile thebad guywore black But later on goodguys woreblack tolend anair ofmystery to themselves 1 Are thereany othertaboos in Chinese cultureexcept theclock umbrella book number4 and etc And whatabout American culture English and Chinese havecertain areasof agreementon taboos Excreta and acts ofhuman excretionare to be avoidedin politeconversation In English if theymust bementioned then theterms should be euphemisticones In Chinese they arealso taboo but the Chinese attitudeis lessstrict Talking aboutsexual intercourseand certainparts of the bodyis tabooin bothcultures Swear wordsare taboo In Englishswear wordshave todowithChristian religiousterms ornames such as JesusChrist Holy Mary To mostBritish andAmericans age osone of the thingsconsidered improperto aska stranger oraperson thatone doesnot knowwell Besides age other suchmatters includeone s ine marital status politics andreligion Giving aclock in Chinese sounds the same as seeing someoneoff tohis end Giving umbrellasos taboobecause doingso ishomonymous witha phrasethat meanthe person s familywill bedispersed Books too are unluckypresents because giving abook sounds the same as delivering defeat White inChina signifiesdeath while redis luckyand is used forcelebrations Number4isa homonym for death inChinese and number8is pronounced the same as making money inthesouthern Cantonesedialect 2 People indifferent countrieshave differentcultures What do you thinkis thecorrect wayto lookat culturaldifferences A correctto lookat culturaldifferences isto lookattheperspectives ofreligion geography and traditions and historicalarchitect andthings leftin thatspecific place Because thesefactors arethe diversitiesof differentpeopleand it identifiesof whoyouare It isalso tomake onespecial We canexperience inmanydifferentways Experiencing thetraditionsandthe foodis thewhat manypeople do One examplewould bewhen foreignerse toChina theymust eatPeking duckand theymust goto greatwall Whatleads to the culturaldifference The culturesof theEast andthe Westreally distinguisheach othera lot This isbecause the culture systemsare twoseparate systemsonthewhole The originof the eastern culturesis mainlyfrom twocountries China andIndia Both ofthe twocultures aregestated byrivers In China the motherriver is the YellowRiver while the Indianone is the HinduRiver These twocultures weredeveloped forseveral thousandyears andformed their own styles Then inDang Dynastyof China theChinese culture graduallywent overseasto Japan mixed intothe Japanesesociety andshaped theJapanese culturenowadays Though abit differentfrom theChinese one it belongstothe same system When the two motherrivers gavebirth totheeastern culture another famousculture wasbroughtup onthe Mesopotamian Plain theMesopotamianCivilization This civilizationlaterondeveloped intothe culturesoftheAncient Greeceand AncientRome And thesetwo arewell known asthe baseofthe European culture Like theChineseculture theEuropean one alsocrossed waters When thecolonists ofEngland settleddown inAmerica their culturewent withthem overthe AtlanticOcean So theAmericanculturedoesn t distinguishfrom theEuropeanonealot At the same time the differenceofthelanguage systemsadds tothe culturaldifferences In theEast most languagesbelong tothe pictographiclanguage see thepicture below whiletheWestern languagesare mostlybased onthe Latinsystem for example the oneI m usingto writethis paper Other factorslike humanrace differencecounts aswell But what s more due tothe fardistance andthe steepareas betweentheEastand West the twocultures seldommunicate untilrecent centuries So theygrew uptotally intheirownways withalmost nointerference from the other What canwe do to treattheculturegap Now we have seenthatthereexists sucha hugegap betweeneasternculture and westernone Then whatshould wedotoface thisgap inthe graduallyglobalizing world Firstly we cannotdeny anyofthecultures Every nationhas itsown characteristicsand it s mainlythrough itsculture thatwe firstbegin toknow thenation andits characteristics So we cannot saythat thisculture orcustom isright andthat iswrong Equal respectshouldbeattached toevery cultureinthe world even tothose thatare notin existenceany more Next we shouldget tolearn howto coordinatethe differentcultures We saythe worldis beingsmaller andsmaller More foreignerse andgo everyday When it isinthe samecountry the samecity the sameneighborhood the culturalcollision isexpected tobe moreserious So weshould tryto avoidthis happening One importantthing isto getsome basicknowledge about the othercultures soas notto misunderstand some actionsor habitsofthe foreigners When theabove twois done we canstart tomunicate I meanwe cantake insome strongpoints from theforeigncultures Though theredoesn t existcorrectness interms ofculture it doeshave theterms ofmore advancedor moresuitable forthe worldnowadays Of course we cannotthrow awayour owncultureandaept anotherone totally Every culture isatreasure tothe historyoftheEarth so weshould onlypick outthose welack toperfect ourown Different culturesadd themost colorfulelement totheworldof21st century The culturalgap shouldnot bethe obstacletothecivilization ofhumanbeing It oughttobethe motivationof ourgoing farther Examples To give aclock inChinesesounds the same as Seeing someoneoff tohis end Besides clocks giving umbrellasis taboobecause doingso ishomonymous witha phrasethat meansthe person s familywillbedispersed Books too are unluckypresents because giving abook soundsthe sameas delivering defeat Picking numbersfor everythingfrom productprices totelephones isalso tricky Avoid4 ahomonymfordeathinChinese and loadup on8s a numberthatispronouncedthe sameas Making money inthesouthern Cantonesedialect Some goodadvice onhowtoavoid blundersinChinahas notchanged in30years Be modestin demeanor Listen well Preach little Watch howothers dothings andfollow suit Color Sincedifferent countryhavedifferentcustoms culture backgroundand religions thesamecolor mayhavedifferent meanings As aresult it isimportant forus toconsider about the exactlydefinitionofthecolor words In thisway we willbe clearerand true On thebasic color words thereisnot somuch differencein Englishand i