研究生英语写作1TopicSentenc

研究生英语写作课件南京工业大学外语学院 AwritingCourseforPostgraduateStudents Unit1HowtoWriteaGoodTopicSentence AwritingCourseforPostgraduateStudents HowtoWriteaGoodTopicSentence I Atopicsentencemustcontain atopic and controllingidea s orelseitwillbedifficulttodeveloporsupportthetopc e g vague Physicalexerciseisveryneccesary summary Physicalexerciseisveryneccesaryforourhealth II Atopicsentencecan tbetoospecific e g specific IdoPhysicalexerciseseveryday summary Ikonwphysicalexerciseisgoodformyhealth III Atopicsentenceshouldbeconciseandclear e g concise Ienjoywatchingthematch makingprogram FindYourSoul mate redundant FindYourSoul mate isaveryinterestingmatch makingprogramthatIenjoywatching IV Controllingidea s arewordsthatconcernwhataspectsyouwanttodevelopthetopic whichwilldecidethecontent methodanddirectionofaparagraphoranarticle e g 1 Learningaforeignlanguagewellrequirestimeandeffort 2 Severalfactorsmaycontributetotheprogressofasociety V ThepurposeofatopicsentenceistomakeclearWhatthesubjectofaparagraphissothatyoucaneasilydevelopyoursupportingideasordetailstomakeitcompleteandconvincingtothereader s andatthesametime youwon tstrayoffthesubjectoroffthetrack Aparagraphmaybelongorshortbutusuallythreeorfoursentenceswillbeproper TopicSentence TopicSentenceofaText Paragraph TopicSentenceofaText Paragraph Asthetermsuggests thetopicsentenceofatext paragraphaddresseswhatthemainideaorthesisofthetext paragrphisgoingtobe Itshouldcontainthemostimportantandrelevantpointyouwishtomakeregardingyourtopic thussummarizingthetext paragraphasawhole HowtoWriteaGoodTopicSentence1 Atopicsentencemustincludeyourtopicandanopinionoryourcontrollingidea Generallyspeaking topicsentencesare ShortSimpleClearGiveastrongideaOftenusephrasessuchas Oneofthemainreasonsfor Oneofthemajorfactorsin is Generallyspeaking Oneofthestrongestargumentsagainst infavourof is Oneofthemainadvantages disadvantagesof is Exampleparagraph1 Learningaforeignlanguagewellrequirestimeandeffort Unlikeone smothertonguewhichisheardandpracticedalmostatanytime aforeignlanguageisonlylearnedandtaughtinclass Thetimearrangementisusallyabout2to4periodsaweek whichisobviouslynotenoughforfluencyandproficiency Ideally anextratwoormorehoursareneededifyoureallywanttoseeimprovement Youneedtoreadmore listenmore speakmoretomakesomeprogresseveryday Exampleparagraph2 TheSecretofSuccessItgoeswithoutsayingthatthereisnoshortcutonone swaytosuccess Theimportantthinginlifeistohaveagoalandthedeterminationtoattainit livingwithoutagoalislikesailingwithoutacompass Thisisespeciallytrueofsomeuniversitystudents Wheninhighschool theirgoalwassimpleandclear topassthecollegeentranceexamandenteranidealuniversity Now however someofthemseemtohavelostthemselvesoncampus lackofpurposeisthecauseofmostofourfailures Exampleparagraph3 Oneofthestrongestargumentsinfavouroflimitingtheamountoftimethatyoungstersspendinfrontofscreensisthatchildrenneedtobemoreactiveinordertohaveahealthylifestyle Researchshowsthatthereisanincreasingnumberofoverweightchildreninthedevelopedworldandthatthereisalinkbetweentheamountoftimespentinfrontofscreensandbeingoverweight Ifchildrenwerenotallowedtobeonscreens theywouldfindotherwaystoentertainthemselves andthiswouldincludeplayinggamesandsports Researchalsoshowsthatactivechildrengrowintoactiveadultssorestrictingscreentimeforchildrenwouldhavealifelongimpactonthepeopleconcerned HowtoWriteaGoodTopicSentence2 Anothertricktowritingagoodtopicsentenceistousenumbers ForExample Thereareseveral afewreasonswhy Therearemanystepsleadingtosuccess Severalfactorsmaycontributeto Thereareseveralwaystoimproveone sconfidence Thereisanewmethodtoreducethecost Twocausesmayexplainwhy forthreereasons Exampleparagraph1 ThereareseveralreasonswhymanyChinesestudentsfindEnglishlearningdifficult First Englishisaforeignlanguage TheyhavelittlechanceofcontactingthelanguageotherthaninanEnglishclass Second EnglishcannotalwaysmatchChinesewordforword sotheyfeelreallypuzzledanddepressedwhentheytrytospeakorwriteit LastbutnotleastisthatfewstudentscanfindachancetocommunicatewithanativespeakerthoughtheyaretoldthatEnglishisveryimportant z Exampleparagraph2 Severalfactorsmaycontributetotheprogressofasociety Thefirstandforemostshouldbethedevelopmentofeconomy Abetterandaffluentlifewouldinvitealongingforastable peacefulandharmoniouslife thusrulesandregulationsareneccesarytoteachpeoplewhatshoulddoandwhatshouldnotdo Hencecamemoralityandthemakingoflawtoencourageacceptablebehaviorandconductsandpunishthosewhowoulddaretoviolatemoralityandbreakthelaw HowtoWriteaGoodTopicSentence3 Topicsentencefornegativeeffects results problems consequences influences impacts implications drawbacks shortcomings disadvantages 1 Itgoeswithoutsayingthatsuch topic willbringabout entail cause produce resultin generate dreadful serious undesirable severe unhealthy bad harmful malign不良的 consequences 2 Topic willcause produce bringbaout generate anegative profound harmful malign undesirable influence effecton 3 Topic mayarouse cause produce bringabout generate panic fear terror worry amongpeople doubtabout arise declinein concernover about 4 Undoubtedly topic threatenstodomoreharmthangoodtooursociety 5 Thedsiadvantagesof topic surelyoutweighstheadvantages ExampleParagraph Itgoeswithoutsayingthatdivorcewillbringaboutnegativeeffectsonchildren Childrenaretooyoungtounderstandtheirparents emotionallife Theymaythinkthattheirparentsdon tlovethemanymoreandabandonthemselvestodespair Theymayeithershutthemselvesawayfromothersanddevelopaformofautism 自闭症 orlosecontrolofthemselvestoviolenceandfights Someofthemmaygofrombadtoworseandevenendupinprison HowtoWriteaGoodTopicSentence4 Topicsentenceforpositiveresults benefits changes gains influences effects impacts profits 1 Anyonewithacommonsensecanseethat topic mayleadtopsoitiveresults 2 Topic ifwellutilized ifproperlyused iftakenintoproperconsideration willsurelycreatedesirable ideal favorable positive beneficial advantageous unimaginable unexpected constructive benefits 3 Theadvantages benefits of topic areobvious 4 Thegainsin topic arenumerous 5 Therearethreeapproachestothisproblem 6 Thekeytodealingwiththedifficultsituationisto 7 Asoneofthemostrewardingexperiences topic hasbroughtalotofbenefitstomylife 8 Theimportanceof topic isnowdrawingmoreofourconcernthaneverbefore SampleParagraph Anyonewithacommonsensecanseethatpraticingthriftinesswillproducepositiveresults Accordingtostatistics foodwastedonthetableinChinaeachyearreachesanamazing200billionRMB Foodrecklesslythrownawayannuallyequalstoprovisionsfor200millionpeople Fromtheglobalpointofview theamountoffoodwastedarrivesatastaggering1 3billiontons Evenifaquarterofthewastedfoodcouldberetained itwouldbeenoughtosupportastarvingpopulationof900millon HowtoWriteaGoodTopicSentence5 Topicsentencethatcanbeusedforbothadvantagesanddisadvantages 1 Ithasbeenproventhat topic cancreatepowerful ill verybad influenceon 2 Numerousstudieshaveexhibitedthat topic isveryhelpfulful harmful dangerous forpeopleto 3 Statisticsshowthat topic cannotonly butalso 4 Thereisnodenyingthefactthat topic is 5 Theeffectsof topic canbeboth and SampleParagraph ThereisnodenyingthefactthatcheatinginexamsisprevalentinmanyuniversitiesinChina Onecangetaglympseofsuchamalignphenomenonfromthesmalladsonthedoorsandwallsofteachingbuildingtoilets Theyread WanttopassCET 4orCET 6theeasyway Justcontact Strictasthesupervisingsystemandpunishmentmeasuresare somestudentsstillcan tresistthetemptationtopeepatneighboringseatsforanswers Asaresult thetestscoreswillnotreflectthetruthofacademicstudy theenthusiasmofthosehonestandhardworkingstudentsiscurbedandthefoundationsofmoralvaluesineducationareeroded HowtoWriteaGoodTopicSentence6 Topicsentencefordescribingsomething whichmightbegoodorbad oraphenomenon afact awrongidea aseeminglycorrectbelief 1 Nowadays topic issoprevalentthatmanypeopleregarditanaturalthingwehavetolivewith 2 Ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthat topic isveryimortantforourlifeandwork 3 Peopleingrowing increasing numbersarebeginning coming torealize accept beaware that topic isgood bad fortheirlife health future family thesociety 4 Thereisagrowingawareness recognition amongadults citizens people oftheneccesity need importance todo topic 5 Peoplearebecomingincreasinglyaware conscious theimportanceof topic SampleParagraph Peopleingrowingnumbersarebeginningtorealizethetruemeaningoftheidiom Godhelpthosewhohelpthemselves Everypersonmayexperiencehardtimesorevenhardblowsinalifetime It sallverynaturaltoseekhelpwhenyouareinatightspot Buttoreallygetyourselfoffthehook themostcrucialthingistohelpyourownself Youneedtolookbackandsumuppossibleelementsthatledtoyourfailure Youneedtopickupyourconfidence makeacarefulplanandmoveforwardagain HowtoWriteaGoodTopicSentence7 Topicsentenceforcausingcontroversy differentopinions 1 Whenitcomesto topic differentpeoplehavecompletelyoppositeopinions Somebelievethat Othersargue claim that 2 Nowhereintheworld ourcountry hasanissue idea beenmorecontroversialthan topic Manypeoplebelievethat Othersclaimthereverseistrue 3 Itiswidely commonly generally believed acknowledged that topic is Theythink argue that ButIwonderwhether if 4 Whenaskedabout topic avast agreat anoverwhelming majorityofpeoplesaythat Theybelievethat ButIthink HowtoWriteaGoodTopicSentence8 Topic closing