大学英语教程Unit 12重点 Book 3 (第三版).doc

Unit 12Text IIWriting Skills The story is told in the first person by the child himself. It is informal in style and reflects a childs thinking and manner of expression. The writer uses plain words, simple sentences, short paragraphs, simple grammatical structures and straightforward statements. He concentrates on narrating events with a minimum amount of comment and description. The style is distinctly conversational in tone.II. Language Points1. were worn clear through: were completely worn out e.g. The mentally ill man got clear away just as his family was about to take him to hospital. His socks were worn clear through. Par. My coat is completely worn out. His gloves were completely worn out.2. distribute distribute (vt.)a) give or send out (to, among a number of person or places) 分配 e.g. Parents are careful in ing things among their children. The teacher will the test papers to his students. Products of labour should be fairly d Par. He left some money to be given out among the servants. The man had 40 parcels to be sent out to houses of this area. Please give out these apples among the boys.b) spread out(over a large area), divide散布、分布 e.g. The peasants are ing manure over a field. The chairs are d round (about) the room. par. The lessons are divided into 24 chapters. Weather stations are spread out all over the country. The new machine spreads out seed evenly and quickly over the whole farm.c) put into groups or classes分类 e.g. He will the seeds and choose the good one. par. The books in the library are put into groups according to subjects. The process is put into three stages. distribution (n.) a) 分配 e.g. The boys complained that the of prizes was unfair. They could not agree about the of the profits.b) 分布、散布、布局 e.g. The of schools in this city has been criticized. We learn a text about the rainfall . The pine-tree has a very wide . distributive (adj.)a) of distribution分配的、分布的 e.g. trades运销业 He doesnt like his work.b) of each, individual, each member of个别的 e.g. “Each, every, either, and neither” are sometimes called pronouns.3. was to bring money: must bring money were to write = must write par. Our teacher made it clear to us that we must hand in our exercise books next week. The manager said they must finish their work before 5pm. The headmaster explained to the young man that he was to teach the three different levels of pupils in turn.4. out of with (a material) /from (a material) e.g. Mary made herself a dress out of the curtain material. The stool was made out of the bits of wood the furniture factory had disposed of. out of : without e.g. My father is out of work now and we hadnt any money. He was out of breath when he reached the top of the hill. par. Fish cant live without water. We have no food left. (We are/ have run out of food.) out of : because of e.g. It was done out of mischief. par. They helped us because of pity. I asked only because of curiosity.5. quite a joker: a very good jokerquite is used just before a singular noun without adjective to show that a person or thing is unusual or more than the average of the type.不寻常的，了不起的e.g. That was quote a party. = It was unusually noisy or nice or interesting or long or wild, etc.)Shes quite a girl. Thats quite a story. 6. nourish nourish (vt.)a) keep sb. alive and well with food, make well a strong; improve land with manure滋养使健壮；用肥料等改良 e.g. We all need good food to our bodies. She tries to her baby with good food. We must the soil.b) have or encourage (feelings) 怀有(愿望等) e.g. The young man ed a deep affection for his mother. hope/ love/ hatred/ dislike (for) par. He has hope in his heart. He has feelings of hatred for the old man. She has strong dislike for the boy. She has the hope of a trip abroad. nourishing (adj.) e.g. Milk, eggs and meat are ing food. It is ing soil. nourished (adj.) e.g. This is a well ed baby. nourishment (n.)u: sth.(food) that is good to peoples bodies营养 take/absorb 吸取营养 e.g. Do you have enough here? She is beginning to recover after taking some .7. seal (v.)a) to stick sth. down封口, 封住 e.g. We the jar of fruit. (make it airtight) Nowadays, people the parcels with sticky tape. (fig.) His lips are ed. (=He doesnt speak.) I must my lips today. His eyes are ed with sleep. in 保持住 e.g. The new jar will in freshness (and out smell.) Cook the meat quickly to in the juices. Our special canning process s the flavour in. off 封住, 封闭 e.g. He ed off the bottle. The police ed off the area. up封牢, 堵塞住 e.g. Remove some rocks and up the cave. Its so cold, please up the windows.b) put the signature盖章 e.g. You must the document. You must ask the dean to your school report.c) settle, decide解决, 决定 e.g. We ed our argument with a handshake. par. They settled the bargain with concession. The judges words settled the prisoners fate. (n.) a) piece of metal etc. on which a design and which is used to stamp the seal on wax, etc.图章, 印章 e.g. The king put/ applied the to the document. The document bore the kings . He pressed his into the hot wax. The Seal of State is attached to important government papers.b) piece of wax, lead, etc. Stamped with a design attached to a document or a letter or a box etc. 封蜡,封条, 封印 e.g. The door is fastened by a . The envelopes is torn open. break/ take off/ tear open the seal启封, 拆封 of ones approval/ consent正式同意 e.g. He gave the of his approval. put/set ones to 拟准, 同意 e.g. He put his to their proposal/plan.8. feel like feel like sth.: seem like when touched e.g. On Christmas Day my uncle gave me a parcel which contained something that felt like bars of chocolate. In pitch darkness when the wounded soldier touched the ground, it felt like water everywhere. Early next morning, his comrades-in-arms found him lying in a pool of blood. eel like (doing) sth.-be inclined to do sth. e.g. Peter is down with measles. He doesnt feel like eating anything. Lets have a walk around the campus after supper, if you feel like it. par. I am inclined to see a film. (I feel like seeing a film.) He was inclined to have a cup of tea. (He felt like a cup of tea.)9. distress distress (vt): cause great pain, discomfort or sorrow使痛苦, 使伤心 e.g. The boys writing his name on the envelope ed his mother. par. The bad news form home caused great pain to her. The failure in the exam made him upset. Dont make yourself suffer. (n.) a) u great pain, discomfort, sorrow痛苦, 穷困eg: Her husband died and she was in great .She cried out in .His good friends visit caused him more than pleasure.b) c sth. that makes sb. suffer be a great to sb. e.g. His failure in the exam is a great to him. par. He made his mother suffer. (He was a to his mother.)c) serious danger or difficulty or poverty穷困,危难 be in e.g. It was obvious that the poor woman was in . par. He was ready to lend his help to anyone in difficulty. The lifeboat went out to a shop in danger. distressing (adj.): causing great pain or discomfort e.g. The writers writing his name was ing. It is a piece of ing news. What he said is ing. distressed (adj.): upset and sad be ed about /at e.g. She was ed about her exam/ her failure. Mr. Smith was ed at the loss of his property. be ed to do sth e.g. We were much /deeply ed to hear the news of his wifes death.10. gutter (n.) channel fixed under the edge of a roof to carry away rain water, channel at the side of a road to carry away rain water路旁的水沟 (fig.) streets, esp. of a poor district the language of the 下流的语言11. as long as/ so long as: if , on condition that e.g. I will help you as /so far as I can. So/ As long as you can come back before dark, you may go on/ for a picnic with your friends. c.f. as/so far as: to the degree or distance that e.g. The hikers walked as far as the Great Wall.12. coop (v.) be/ stay cooped up in: be confined to e.g. How long are we going to stay ed up in here? Lets get out for some fresh air! They were/stayed ed up in the house/ classroom by the rain.13. sb./sth. takes on a look e.g. My village has taken on a new look. He has just had a haircut. So he takes o a new look. Professor Li always takes on a joking look.14. dress (v)a) (vi.) put clothes on e.g. Ill be ready in a moment; Im ing. She often ed in black. put on special correct formal clothes for the evening穿正式(晚) 礼服, 盛装 e.g. He said he would go to the party if he didnt have to .b) (vt.) oneself/ sb eg: Please the baby, George. be ed: to be wearing e.g. He is not ed in his uniform. (n.)a) clothing, esp. outer clothing服装,衣裳 e.g. In this play, the actors wear the of 100 years ago.b) clothing worn on special occasions or by special types of people e.g. evening 晚礼服 (adj.)a) related to or used for a dress e.g. material衣料b).requiring or permitting formal dress e.g. a affair盛装的活动15. arrogant arrogant (adj.): showing too much pride in oneself e.g. The bosss son is to all the workers. He always speaks in an tone. arrogance (n.) e.g. His led to his failure.16. bewilder (vt.): puzzle, confuse bewildering, bewildered (adj.) bewilderment (n.) e.g. Some problems in maths bewilder me Big city traffic is bewildering. Im bewildered by the housing problem. He looked at me in open-mouthed bewilderment. par. I waited with a feeling of confusion which was painful/ agonizing. We were puzzled by what he said. His explanation of the matter is confusing.17. numb (adj.): without ability to feel any more, esp. as a result of cold eg: My fingers are with cold. My hands are after an hour outside on such a cold day. Note: (fig.) e.g. The sight of the lion made him with fear. (v.) e.g. The cold ed my hands. Note: (often pass.) to cause to feel nothing or no pain; make numb e.g. Our fingers are e d with cold. They were ed with grief.18. ache ache (vi.)a) have continuous or prolonged pain (持续的)疼痛 e.g. My legs d and I was tired. (=I had pain in my leg:) His stomach d because he ate too much. I all over. (I have pain all over.) (fig.)It made my heart .b) have a longing渴望 be ing / for sth./to do sth. e.g. He is ing for a chance to go to the United States to pursue his further studies. par. The little boy was longing for a personal computer/home. The young man wanted to see the girl very much. (His heart d for the girl.) (很想见) They longed to be free. (n.) c: continuous pain (sing. with or without the indefinite article) have a headache/ stomachache/ toothache /earache: suffer from e.g. He felt an in his stomach/head. or: He had a stomachache /headache. I had aches and pains all over. (not: pains and aches)19. stun stun (v.)a) make unconscious by a blow on the head e.g. The blow ned the boy. They ned the animal before shooting it, so that it would not suffer.b) shock into helplessness, confuse the mind e.g. The bad news ned her. He was ned by the unfairness of their judgement. stunning (adj.) e. g. The news that the baby girl had been strangled to death by her own mother was ning. stunned (adj.) e.g. He was ned by /with the sudden news/her beauty. We were ned with finding out the fact.20. fit (v.)a) (vt.) (vi.) be the right size, shape for e.g. The coat doesnt me. He will just the position. Her behavior doesnt her new position. Your suit s well. The door s badly. in/into e.g. He ted the picture into the frame. The shelf is too small. The big books wont fit in. in with e.g. Your idea s in with mine. The house s in beautifully with its surrounding. The story s in with the facts.b) make (sb. or oneself) suitable or competent for sth. or to do sth. sb./oneself for e.g. Her experience fits her for the new job. I have to myself for the position. His great height ted him for basketball. sth./ab. to +n e.g. We must our policy to the situation. You must try your best to yourself to the new environment.c) put into place e.g. Can you the lid on? He has ted a new lick on the door. Please the shelf onto that wall. with e.g. Well the room with a carpet. Ill the drawer with a lock. The car is ted with a radio.d) try on (常用ing形式) e.g. Can you come back for a fitting? Is there any fitting room here? (adj.) suitable e.g. We have decided on a time and place for the meeting. This is a subject for poetry. The food is not fit to eat. He is physically for an airman/ to be an airman. She runs three miles every morning, thats why shes so . (n.). e.g. This dress is a beautiful ( an excellent). The shoes are just your . Be sure to make me a good .21. whisper (v.)a) to speak ( words ) with noisy breath, but not with the usual movements in the throat which produce the voice, so that only a person close by can hear e.g. She ed a few words weakly before she fell unconscious. Mary ed something in my ear. sth (a word) to sb./ to sb. a word e.g. She ed a word to her friend. Tom is ing to his neighbor. to sb. that e.g. He ed to me that he would leave.b) (usu. of the wind) to make a soft sound e.g. The wind ed in the pines.c) to tell (a secret) widely将(秘密)传开 e.g. His adventures have been ed through the village/ ed about / ed everywhere. The neighborhood is ing about his story. (n.)a) c whispering sound or speech低声, 耳语,私话c e.g. She said it in a , so I couldnt hear. They were talking in s.b) a piece of information passed secretly from one person to another, rumor流言,传 闻, 谣言c e.g. Ive heard a that old Bill is going to lose his job next month. Whispers are going round that the firm is likely to go bankrupt. No about having a new teacher has come to our ears.c) (usu. sing.) a soft windy sound e.g. Can you hear the of the wind in the roof?22. renunciation renunciation (n.): the act of giving up; self denial e.g. Dont sign the of your right. His of his claim of property surprised us. renounce (v.)a) to say formally that one has no more connection with e.g. He d his religion and became a Muslim. The old man d his wicked son.b) to give up ( a claim, possession); say formally that one does not won e.g. He has d his claim to the property. The prince d his rights to the throne.24. hurt (v.) cause bodily injury or pain to; damage e.g. He his back when he fell. He was when he fell. These shoes are too tight, they (me /my foot). to cause a person or other living creature to feel pain (physically) e.g. My head s sometimes. His stomach for he had eaten too many apples. to cause pain to the feelings of a person e.g. My feelings were when he didnt ask me to the party. It s me when you talk like that. The insult him deeply. What you said his feelings. I was very (much) at his words. (infml) have a bad effect on e.g. I am sure smoking s you. The bad weather s his business. phrase: It wont to做没有害处 e.g. It wont to wait a bit longer. It wont you to miss breakfast for once. It wont to take one more subject.25. clench to close tightly, press firmly together e.g. She ed her teeth/jaws. He ed his fingers /fist. ones teeth/fist on /upon sb./sth. grasp, hold firmly e.g. He ed his money in his hand when he died.III. Questions on Text OneA. How did the writer react to what the Sunday School superintendent said?B. How old do you think the writer was at that time?C. Why didnt the writers mother let him write his name on the envelope?1. Why did the mother look distressed when she learned that he had written his name on the envelope?2. Why did the writers father stay at home all day long?3. What material did the writers father use to make insoles for the boy? Why did the father do that?4. Did the parents say anything about Christmas when the day was coming? If not, why?