小升初英语系列-介词和连词.doc

介词和连词讲义及演练介词（Preposition）一 概述介词是英语中很活跃的词，一般置于名词之前。它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。同一个介词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配，表示不同意义。二、 常用介词的基本用法1. at 表示时间： I go to school at seven every day 我每天早上7点去上学。表示在某一具体地点： He is standing at the bus stop 他站在公共汽车站。表示动作的方向、目标： Let me have a look at the picture 让我看看这幅图。用于某些固定搭配： at once 立刻、马上 at last 最后 at the same time 同时 at first 开始时 not at all 一点也不，根本不2. in 在里面： The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。在一段时间里： We have four classes in the morning. 我们上午有四节课。用，以： Whats this in English? 这用英语怎么说？在某一年份，季节，月份： in 2002, in spring, in January 表示状态，服饰： Helen is in yellow. 海伦身穿黄色衣服。在方面： He is weak in English. 他的英语不行。用于某些固定搭配： in front of 在前面 in the end 最后 in time 及时 3. on 在上面： There are some apple on the tree. 树上有些苹果。在（星期）天，在某天的上午（下午，晚上）：They go to English class on Sunday. 星期天他们去上英语课。 I left Beijing on the morning of May 1. 我在5月1日早上离开北京。用于某些固定搭配： on duty 值日 on time准时 4. about 表示大约时间： Its about six oclock now. 现在大约6点钟了。表示地点；在周围Everything about me is so beautiful 我周围的一切都那么美好。关于，对于： We are talking about the news. 我们正在谈论新闻。 5. after 在之后： After dinner I watch TV. 晚饭后我看电视。在后面： He came into the room after me. 他在我后面进了房间。6. behind 在之后： There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车比晚，迟于： The train is behind time. 火车晚点了7. by 到时候： We have learned three English songs by now. 到现在为止，我们已经学会了三首英文歌曲。以方式： I go to school by bus. 我乘公共汽车去上学。用于某些固定搭配： one by one 一个接一个 by the way 顺便说一句8. for 为，给，替： Ill make a card for my teacher. 我要给老师做张卡片。由于： Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮我。表示给（某人）用的： There is a letter for you. 这儿有你一封信。9. like 像样： He looks like his father. 他像他的父亲。这样，那样： Dont look at me like that. 别那样看着我。怎样： Whats the weather like? 天气怎样。9. near 靠近，在附近： My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。10. of 的（表示所属关系）： This is a photo of my family. 这是一张我家的照片。的（用于所有格）： He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。表示数量（与连词连用）： One of us is from Beijing. 我们中有一个来自北京想到，谈到： I often think of them. 我常常想到他们。用于某些固定搭配： of course 当然 because of 因为，由于 11. over 在正上方： There is a lamp over the table. 桌子上方有一盏灯。遍及，穿过： There is a bridge over the river. 有座桥横跨那条河。超过，不止： She is a little over 2. 她两岁多了。12. to 到，往，向： He walks to the window. 他走向窗户。表示时间、数量，到为止 Please count from ten to thirty. 请从10数到30.向，对，给： Happy New Year to you all. 大家新年好。13. under 在正下方 Whats under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么？15. with 和，写： Could you go home with me? 你能和我一起回家吗？表示伴随状态，带有： Whos that girl with glasses? 那位戴眼睛的女孩是谁？三、 介词的固定搭配arrive at/in 到达 ask for 请求talk about 交谈；谈 get off 下车 wait for 等候 look after 照顾 look at看；注视 listen to 听laugh at 嘲笑 worry about 担心 think for 想到 look for 寻找 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 thank for 为而感谢 learn from 向学习at first 起初；开始 at last 最后 at school 在上课，在上学 at the moment 此刻at home 在家；无拘束 at present 现在 at work 上班，在工作 at the same time 同时 on duty 值日 on holiday 度假 on time 准时 on the left/right 在左/右边 on the radio 在广播中 on foot 步行 on TV 在电视上播放 on the phone 在电话中 on the way 在路上 be afraid of 害怕 be careful with 小心；关心 be interested in 对感兴趣 be good at 善于 be proud of 感到自豪 be crazy about 酷爱 be late for 干某事迟到 be good for 对有利in class 在课堂上 in all 总体 in English 用英语 in fact 事实上in short 总之 in a hurry 匆忙地 in the end 最后 in bed 躺在床上 in time 及时地 in danger 在危险中 in a minute 立刻 in order to 为了by+交通工具（by bus/train/plane/air/ship/bike/sea/land） lots of/a lot of 许多，大量 at most 至多 at least 至少 at once 立刻；马上四几组易混介词及介词短语的辨析（视图如右下）1.on, over, under, above, below On 在上面（与物体表面接触）Over 在正上方(不与物体表面接触) Under 在正下方(不与物体表面接触) Above 在上面(不在正上方) Below 在下面(不在正下方)2.between和among Between 在中间(两者)，常与and连用，构成betweenand 在和之间 Eg: The girl in red skirt is between her father and mother. Among 在之间(三者或以上) eg: The boy is the tallest among all the students.3.in front of 和in the front of In front of 在前面(室外) Eg: Theres a big tree in front of our house. In the front of 在前面(室内) Eg: The TV set is in the front of sofa.4.in the tree 和on the tree On the tree 指树上本身有的东西，如树叶，果实等。 Eg: Look! Theres a big red apple on the tree. in the tree 指不是树上长出的东西。 Eg: You kids, dont be in the tree. Its dangerous. Please get down from it.连词（conjunction）一 概述：连词是连接两个词、短语和句子的词。小学阶段常用的连词有and, but, or, so.二and的用法(1) 表示联合，意为“和”、“又”、“而且”： I woke up and got out of bed. 我醒了就起床了。(2) 有时用于连接两个相同的词语，表示连续性：The train ran faster and faster. 火车开得越来越快。(3) 在口语中用在 come, go, run, stay, stop, try 等后表示目的,相当于不定式符号to：Come and have tea with me. 过来跟我一起喝杯茶。(4) 有时用在祈使句后，表示结果，意为“那么”：Work hard and youll succeed. 努力干吧，你会成功的。三or的用法1）表示选择，意为“或”“还是”：Are you going to America by boat or by air? 你到美国是坐船还是坐飞机？2）表示一种否定的条件，意为“否则”：Hurry up, or youll be late for school. 赶快，否则你上学就要迟到了。3）用于否定句中代替and。They didnt sing or dance. 他们既没有唱歌也没有跳舞。四but的用法1）.连接词、短语或句子，表转折，意思是“然而，但是”。It was a sunny but not very warm day. 那一天天气晴朗，却不太暖和。He looks honest, but actually hes a bad guy.他看起来很老实，实际他是一个坏蛋。2). 用于句首But what else can we do? 我们还能做什么?3). 用于道歉的表达之后Excuse me, but I dont think thats quite true. 很抱歉，我认为这与事实略有出入。4). cant help but 不由得不When they gave him a ticket to the game, he couldnt help but go.他们给了他一张看球赛的票，他不由得不去。五So的用法 表示结果，连接一个句子。 Benny didnt have breakfast this morning, so he is hungry now.随堂演练 （满分100分）一、给下列词组填入正确的介词（15*1分=15分）1. the first day _ school 2._ the school playground 3 _ classes 4. _ Wednesday 5_ a farm 6 a lot _ fruit trees 7. live _ a town 8. look _ them9. _ the sitting room 10. _ the 4th _ November 11. _ Christmas 12._ Christmas Day13. have a big lunch _ my family 14. _ September 二、给下列句子填入正确的介词 （45*1分=45分）1. Jim usually gets up_ 6:30_ the morning .2. Its always cold and snowy_ winter_Harbin.3. The April Fools Day is_the 1st of April.4. The Spring Festival is_January or February.5. How many Chinese lessons do you have_ a week.6 We havefour lessons _ the morning .7. He often does his homework_ Friday evening .8. Please come to school _ half past eight.9. The little girl plays the piano_ the evening every day.11. Whatdid you do_ the Spring Festival ?12. I usually take photos _ Sunday morning .13. Womens day is_ the eighth of March .14. We go to school _seven_the morning .15. He was here_ the moment.16. We were very happy_ New Years Day .17. Please look the blackboard. Dont listen the tape.18. I can see a kite the wall. Is Han Meimei duty today?19. This is a picture our school.20. Wuxi is Jiangsu. I am Row Six. She is Class One. 21. They are Grade Two. Whats this English?22. Can you sing this song Japanese? The boy the green bike is Tom.23. You cant see the football. Its the door. You must look it.24. We are home. Jim is school. 25. The apples are the tree. 26. Look! The old man is the tree. 27. Please give the books Jim. Its seven twenty.28. Show these pictures your teacher.29. Its time go school. 31. Is this a doctor a teacher? Are Lily Lucy his daughters?32. The man _ blue is Jacks father.33. Whos the girl _ a small mouth?34. You shouldnt walk _ the grass.35. Look, Nancy is sitting _ her father and mother.36, Now, I know a lot _ food.37. You must stay _ home.38. My little brother always has a lot _ questions.39. Were very happy _ school.40 Jim is in Row 4. I am in Row 5. I sit _him.41. Lets hurry. Were late _ the class.42. Liu Tao is giving the ball _ David.43. Look _ the picture. Who is the girl _ the mother and the father?44. Can you read the number _ one _ ten?45. What can you see _ the trees? Some peaches.三连词单项选择 （12*2分=24分）1.Are you going to play football _ basketball? A. and B. or C. so D. but 2.He gets up, eats his breakfast _ goes to school. A. and B. or C. so D. but 3.You can touch it, _ you cant hold it. A. and B. or C. so D. but 4.She asked me to go , _ I went. A. and B. or C. so D. but 5.Hurry up, _ else youll be late. A. and B. or C. so D. but 6.Its