2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习-科普环保类阅读理解选编(2)

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 科普环保类阅读理解选编（2）xx高考英语阅读练习科普环保类Scientists from China, Sweden and the United Stated have developed a high-producing rice that can reduce methane emission(甲烷排放), a major greenhouse gas blamed for global warming, from rice fields, according to a paper published on the latest issue of Nature. By inserting a barley(大麦) gene into rice, Sun Chuanxin and his colleagues created SUSIBA2 Rice, which stores more starch(淀粉) in the section of the rice above ground, according to a paper published on the latest issue of Nature.This means the grains will have more starch while the root will exude less nutrients that will later be turned into methane by microbes(微生物) in the soil, Sun, who works with Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, told Xinhua. It solves two major problems mankind faces at one time: environmental degradation and the need for increased grain output, Wang Feng, another scientist, said, adding that the rice can cut methane discharge by more than 90 percent during summer and more than half during autumn, as the rice displays a greater emission reduction effect in high temperatures. Meanwhile, small-scale trials have also suggested an increased output: a single plant of the new breed has 300 more grains with a starch content 10 percent higher. Wang said the team is working on applications for the rice in different areas, seasons and using different farming techniques. Its still far away from mass application, but at least we see the light of hope. Human-induced methane, though less abundant than carbon dioxide in the air, is responsible for 20 percent of the global warming effect. Rice paddies are the largest single source of methane linked to human activity. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, China produces 209 million tons of rice in xx, or 28 percent of the worlds total of 734 million.【小题1】SUSIBA2 Rice will be a major breakthrough because _. Ait tastes with a barley flavorBit well balances environmental protection and grains increaseCit contains more starch than the ordinary riceDit gives off less methane in summer than in winter【小题2】What can we learn from the text? AScientists will soon grow the new rice in large areasBHuman-related methane contributes most to global warmingCChina may contribute greatly to global warming reductionDRice fields will be reduced all over the world【小题3】The purpose of this writing is to _. Aask people to cut down on their dependence on rice consumptionBdraw peoples attention to the serious consequences of global warmingCintroduce a new kind of genetically-modified rice and its possible benefitsDindicate human-related methane alone is to blame for global warming effects xx高考英语阅读练习科普环保类If you had a strange sound in your ear, what would you do? One man in Wales who thought he had a fly in his ear called 999, the emergency services number in Britain. And so did a woman who was worried about her green potatoes. Could she make chips with them? Were they poisonous? She didnt hesitate about calling the local ambulance service to ask. According to a recent report, more than 31,000 non-urgent calls were made to the Welsh Ambulance Service in the last year. Inappropriate calls are a headache for health professionals everywhere. In the US, prank calls to 911 happen on a daily basis. Many callers use apps which hide their identity. But those who try to be funny shouldnt be surprised if the police have the last laugh. One man from Colorado was arrested for making more than 1,200 prank calls, according to a report on the US television station KOAATV. People who take these calls are trained to stay calm and keep a straight face, no matter how strange the call sounds. “Theres no way for us to know whether the call is real, accidental or a prank call,” said a public safety worker interviewed by the American TV channel. The Head of Clinical Services at the Welsh Ambulance Service, Richard Lee, has a warning for prank callers. He says:“ When people misuse the service it means our precious time is being taken away from someone who really does need our help.” Indeed, these hotlines are supposed to help the seriously ill or those with a life-threatening injury. You never know, one day, the person who needs assistance could be you or someone in your family.【小题1】How does the author introduce the topic of the text? ABy giving examples.BBy telling a story.CBy listing figures.DBy making a parison.【小题2】According to the text, prank calls are usually_. Ameant to be helpfulBdealt with in timeCthought highly ofDmade to play tricks【小题3】What does the underlined phrase “have the last laugh” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? Awin at last.Bnever find them.Claugh at them.Dknow nothing.【小题4】What does the author intend to suggest in the text? APrank calls are usually easy to identify.BOperators feel annoyed by strange callers.CPrank calls may cause serious results.DPrank callers should be punished by law. 阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(xx北京，D)MultitaskingPeople who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, based on performances and selfevaluations by about 275 college students, indicated that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and cant focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the University of Utah.Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensationseeking (寻求刺激) or impulsive(冲动)they were. They then evaluated the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensationseeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted. “People multitask not because its going to lead to greater productivity, but because theyre distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important，” Sanbonmatsu said.Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldnt find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether peoples recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.The findings do suggest, however, why the sensationseekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations，” said Paul Atchely, another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though theyre dangerous.”文章大意：本文为一篇科普短文，介绍了Sanbonmastu与他的同事们的一项研究结果：同时干很多事情的人往往有最糟糕的结果，这是因为这些人干事情不专心，他们不能对潜在的危险作出迅速的反应。17The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask _.Aseek high productivity constantlyBprefer handling different things when getting boredCare more focused when doing many things at a timeDhave the poorest results in doing various things at the same time答案：D细节理解题。由文章第一句话研究结果：People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once.可知，这样的人在同时干很多事情时往往结果最差，故正确答案为D。18When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research, they _.Aassessed the multitasking ability of the studentsBevaluated the academic achievements of the studentsCanalyzed the effects of the participants tricky mental tasksDmeasured the changes of the students understanding ability答案：A细节理解题。文章第二段提到他们让参与的学生干这干那，然后他们“evaluates the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task.”可知A项正确。19According to Sanbonmatsu, people multitask because of their _.Alimited power in calculationBinterests in doing things differentlyCinability to concentrate on one task Dimpulsive desire to try new things答案：C细节理解题。由文章第四段Sanbonmastu所说的话“People multitask not because its going to lead to greater productivity but because they are distractible and they get sucked into things that are not important.”可知。distractible意为“不专心的，分心的”，因此正确答案为C。20From the last paragraph, we can learn that multitaskers usually _.Adrive very skillfullyBgo in for difficult tasksCfail to react quickly to potential dangersDrefuse to explain the reasons for their behavior答案：C推理判断题。文章最后一段提到研究结果表明：这些寻找感觉的人(sensationseekers指的是他们的感觉不灵敏)往往会“multitask the most”但是却有“enjoy risky distractible driving”的结果，这是因为这些人往往“less sensitive to risky situation”，即：对潜在的危险不能迅速作出反应，故C项为正确答案。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(xx北京，A)EP Portable HeaterWe all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget. Now millions of people are saving on their heating bills with the EP portable heater. With over one million satisfied customers around the world, the new EP heats better and faster, saves more on heating bills, and runs almost silent.The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire. The outside of the EP only gets warm to the touch so that it will not burn children or pets.The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room. With other heaters, youll notice that you get sleepy when the heat es on because they are burning up oxygen.The advanced EP also heats the room evenly,_wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It fortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP, the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.The EP es with a 3year warranty (保修) and a 60day, no questions asked, satisfaction guarantee. If you are not totally satisfied, return it at our expense and your money will be given back to you.Now we have a special offer for 10 days, during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery. If you order after that, we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price.Take action right now!文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，属广告文体，介绍了一种新型的暖风机。与其他的暖风机相比较，它的好处，目的是让读者买他们的产品。1What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2? AThe heat of the EP.BThe safety of the EP.CThe appearance of the EP.DThe material of the EP.答案：B主旨大意题。本题考查考生整体把握、提炼信息、概括总结的能力。A项“暖风机的热”；B项“暖风机的安全”；C项“暖风机的外表”；D项“暖风机的材料”。由第二段内容可知，这种暖风机不会引起火灾，不会烫伤孩子和宠物，显然是在讲它的安全，故正确答案为B项。2From the passage, we can learn that the EP _.Adoesnt burn up oxygenBruns without any noiseCmakes people get sleepyDis unsuitable for children and pets答案：A细节理解题。考生根据文章第三段第一句话The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room可知正确答案为A。3The underlined word “evenly” in Paragraph 4 probably means _.Acontinuously BseparatelyCquickly Dequally答案：D词意猜测题。由文章第四段可知，此处把EP暖风机与别的相比，这种暖风机能够把墙、门、天花板 都能均匀加热，不像其他的暖风机，只加热附近小片区域，因此该词意为“均匀地，平等地”，D项正确。4The main purpose of the passage is to _.Apersuade people to buy the productBadvise people to save on heating billsCreport the new development of portable heatersDpare the functions of different heater brands答案：A推理判断题。A项“说服人们买产品”；B项“建议人们省加热的钱”；C项“报告暖风机的最新发展”；D项“比较不同品牌的暖风机的性能”。根据文章内容可知，本文为广告文体，向大家介绍了一种新型的暖风机，与其他的暖风机相比，它的好处，目的是让读者买他的产品，因此A项正确。2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 科普环保类阅读理解选编（3）xx高考英语阅读练习科普环保类For as long as they can remember Jynne Martin and April Surgent had both dreamed of going to AntarcticaThis winter，they each made it to the icy continent as guests of the National Science Foundation(NSF)Bm they didnt go as scientistsMartin is a poet and Surgent is an artistThey went to Antarctica as participantsin the NSFs Artists and Writers programThe NSF is thegovernment agency that funds scientific research in AntarcticaBut it also makes it possible for artists，including filmmakers and musicians，to experience Antarctica and contribute their own points of view to our understanding of the continent. The mixing of science and art in Antarctica isnt newSome of the earliest explorersbrought along painters and photographersEdward Wilson was a British painter，doctor，and bird expert who journeyed with RobertFalcon Soott on two separate Antamtic expeditionsmore than 100 years agoHerbert Ponting was a photographer who also acpanied Scott on one of those expeditionsIn hundreds of photos，Pontingcaptured the beauty of the continentand recorded the daily lives and heroic struggles of the explorersTodays scientists write articles forscientificjournalsUnlike theearly explorersjournals，scientific papers can now be very difficult for non-scientists to understandWriters in Antarctica workto explain the research to the publicPeter Rejcek is editor，writer，and photographer for the Antarctic Sun，an onlinemagazine devoted to news about the USAntarctic ProgramRejeck began his career in the Antarctic in 2003 by spending a year at the South PoleHe has returned everyyear since，interviewing，scientists about research at Palmer，McMurdo，and South Pole stations There are also scientists in Antarctica who work hardto explain their research to the publicScientist Diane McKnight wrote The Lost Seal，a childrens book that explains the research she and others are doing in an unusual ice-free area in Antarctica called the Dry Valleys Antarctica is full of stories and wonders that are scientific，historicand personal. People such as Martin，Surgent，Rejcek，and McKnight are devoted to bringing those storiesto asmany peopleare they can.“Some people are going to be scientists，some people are goingto be journalists，some people are going to be artists，but we can all work together，saysSurgent,“tocelebrate，thisextraordinary place”【小题1】What do we know about the NSF? AIt is a government agencyBIt only funds scientists in AntarcticaCIt encourages the understanding of human natureDIt enables the mixing of science and art for the first time【小题2】Why didnt some earliest explorers bring writers along? AWriters were not funded at that timeBWriting cant capture the beauty of the continentCWriters were not interested in popularizing scienceDEarly explorersjournals can be easily understood by the public【小题3】By mentioning Diane McKnight，the author may try to suggest that_ Ascientists should explain their research to childrenBwriters are not necessary since scientists can tell stories as wellCtelling stories to children is more important than knowing the truthDno matter what role we play，we can work together to appreciate Antarctica【小题4】What would be the best title for this article? AAntarctica：A Land for AllBThe NSF：A Program for AllCAntarctica：A Land of Beauty and StoriesDThe NSF：A Program for Artists and Scientists xx高考英语阅读练习科普环保类Australias koalas could be dying out within 30 years, unless urgent measures is taken to stop the losing in population, according to researchers. They say development, climate change and bushfires have all related to reduce the number of wild koalas sharply. The Australian Koala Foundation said a recent survey showed the population could have dropped by more than half in the past six years. Previous estimates put the number of koalas at more than 100,000, but the latest figures suggest there could now be as few as 43,000. The foundation collected field data from 1,800 sites and 80,000 trees to calculate the numbers. In one area in northern Queensland estimated to have 20,000 koalas a decade ago, a team of eight people could not find a single animal in four days of searching. The foundation said besides problems caused by cutting down forests, hotter and drier conditions because of global warming had reduced the nutritional(营养的)value of their staple food, eucalyptus leaves, leading to poor nutrition for them. Koalas, which live in the forests in Australias east and south, are very particular about what types of the leaves they eat.Foundation chief Deborah Tabart said: “The koalas are missing everywhere we look. Its really no tree, no me. If you keep cutting down trees you dont have any koalas.”She is hoping the new figures will persuade the governments Threatened Species Steering mittee (TSSC) to list the koala as threatened. But mittee chairman Bob Beeton said a decision was not likely recently and the koalas status as one of the countrys favorite animals would not be a factor. “Theres a number of species which are attractive and people have special feelings towards them. We dont consider that,” Mr. Beeton was reported as saying by the AFP agency.【小题1】The writer gives the example of the area in northern Queensland in Paragraph 3 to show that _. Athe environment is being polluted seriouslyBthe number of koalas is dropping quicklyCthe forests are being damaged heavilyDkoalas usually live in wild mountainous areas【小题2】Global warming is an important cause of koalas reduction because _. Athe leaves koalas eat are losing nutritional valueBkoalas cannot get enough water to drinkCkoalas can hardly stand the hot weatherDthe leaves koalas eat cannot grow in hot weather【小题3】According to Bob Beeton, _. Athey neednt pay special attent