综合英语教程4(高等教育出版社)unit15 part2

PartII ReadingComprehension Book4 Unit15 Pre readingTaskComprehensionWorkLanguageWork ReadingComprehension Book4 Unit15 ReturntoMenu Pre readingTask 1 Tobeagoodcommunicatorincrossculturalcommunication whatelementsareimportantbesideshavingagoodcommandofpronunciation vocabularyandsentencepatternsofaforeignlanguage 2 WhichvarietyofEnglishdoyouspeak American Britishorother Whydoyoulearnthatspecialvariety Discussthefollowingquestions Book4 Unit15 Thepersonshouldhaveabroadknowledgeofculturewhichmayincludetheknowledgeofthefollowingaspects customshistoryreligionphilosophygeographypoliticsliteratureholidayscienceeducationeconomysocialconventions etc Book4 Unit15 SuggestedPointsforDiscussion Everylanguageorvarietyoflanguagehasitsowncharacteristic Thereisnobestlanguageintermsofthecommunicativefunction Eachvarietyiscapableofmeetingtheneedsofitsnativespeakers Personalaccentisacceptableifonlyitcanbeunderstood Thecontentofspeechisfarmoreimportantthanfluency ThestudentsofEnglishdonothavetobeobsessedwiththegoaltosoundexactlylikeanativespeakerfromtheUK US Australia Canada orNewZealand ButtheymustattainacertaindegreeofacceptabilitybythenativespeakersofEnglish Book4 Unit15 ComprehensionWork AbouttheAuthorProbetheTextEssayQuestionsDifficultSentences Book4 Unit15 about BillBrysonwasborninDesMoines Iowa in1951 Abackpackingexpeditionin1973broughthimtoEnglandwherehemethiswifeanddecidedtosettle HewrotefortheEnglishnewspapersTheTimesandTheIndependentformanyyears writingtravelarticlestosupplementhisincome HelivedwithhisfamilyinNorthYorkshirebeforemovingbacktotheStatesin1995 toHanover NewHampshire withhiswifeandfourchildren In2003heandhisfamilymovedbacktoEngland wheretheycurrentlyreside Book4 Unit15 BillBryson sBooks TheLostContinent BillBryson shilariousfirsttravelbook chroniclesatripinhismother sChevyaroundsmalltownAmerica Sincethen hehaswrittenseveralmore includingnotablebestsellers AWalkintheWoods I mAStrangerHereMyself publishedinBritainasNotesfromaBigCountry andInaSunburnedCountry publishedinBritainasDownUnder HisotherbooksincludeBillBryson sDictionaryofTroublesomeWords NeitherHerenorThere TravelsinEurope MadeinAmerica TheMotherTongueandBillBryson sAfricanDiary Hislatestbook AShortHistoryofNearlyEverything waspublishedinSpring2003 Book4 Unit15 Book4 Unit15 WhydomanyAmericansfindthemselveslinguisticallyuncomfortablewhentheyarriveintheUK TheEnglishlanguageusedinAmericaisnotthesameastheoneusedintheBritishIsles ItislinguisticallyuncomfortabletotheAmericanswhentheyfindthattheirmothertongueseemstobeinadequateindealingwiththecomplexityoftheEnglishlanguage Theirutteranceismerelyasortofvocalnoise andisregardedasquaintandimprecise andatworstasmisleadingandnoisy ProbetheText Book4 Unit15 2 Accordingtothewriter whoisresponsibleforthelinguisticgapwithinthesamelanguage theBritish Why Accordingtothewriter itisentirelythefaultoftheBritish Firstofall theyalwaystakedelightinperplexingforeigners eventhosewhospeakthesamelanguageastheydo Inaddition manyofthedifferenceswereintentionallycreatedbytheBritishbecausetheywantedtocreatesomelinguisticdifferencestodistancethemselvesasparentnationfromtheircolonialoffspring Refertothetextforexamples Book4 Unit15 3 Whatdoesthewritermeanby halfabeatbehindinalmostanyconversation Whatcausesthesituationtoarise ItmeansthattheAmericanshavetotakealongertimethanusualtomakeouttheexactmeaningofwhattheirBritishpartnershaveuttered becauseoftheBritons strangewaysofpronouncingcertainvowelsandconsonants Book4 Unit15 4 WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheremarkintheguidebookAnAnglo AmericanInterpreter Thoughhethinksitisanexaggerationanddoesnotbelieveit thewriteradmitsthatdifferencesinvocabularycanmakethecommunicationbetweenBritonsandAmericansdifficultandcauseendlessconfusion Book4 Unit15 5 HowdoesthewriterargueforthesuperiorityofAmericanEnglishinitsclarityofmeaning ThewriterclaimsthatAmericanexpressionsarenearlyalwaysself explanatory EvenifyouhaveneverbeentotheUniteStates youareverylikelytofigureoutthemeaningofanexpression Forexample themeaningoftheword sidewalk isself evident but pavement itsequivalentinBritishEnglish offersnocluetowhatitsmeaningcanbe Book4 Unit15 6 WhatisthepeculiarhabitoftheBritishpeopleintheirdiscourse ThepeculiarhabitoftheBritishintheirdiscourseisthattheyneversaywhattheymean Theirspeechisoftencharacterizedbystudiedambiguity Sometimesthemeaningcouldbefarfromitsliteralmeaning aflightfromliteralness sometimesthemeaningcouldbepreciselyoppositetowhatissaid Book4 Unit15 Inthepassage thewritersaysthat Thefaultisentirelytheirs DoyouthinkitisfairtoputtheentireblameontheBritish Anddoeshereallymeanso 2 Findsomeexamplesfromthetexttoshowthattheproblemoflanguageisactuallyaproblemofculturaldifference EssayQuestions Discussthefollowingquestionsandthenwritedownyouropinions Book4 Unit15 ThewriterisnotjustifiedinputtingtheblameentirelyontheBritish Thewriterisnotreallyseriousinhiscriticism Heisbeinghumorous HisrealintentionistopresentthedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishinafriendlyandhumorousway TheBritishwouldmostlikelybeamusedratherthanoffendedbywhathesaidaboutthem SuggestedPointsforEssayQuestion1 Book4 Unit15 ItiseitherhamsandwichorcheesesandwichinBritishEnglish butitisonetypeofsandwichinAmericanEnglish TheBritishhavenowrittenconstitutionbecausetheyhavetheMagnaCarta TheBritishusetheseexpressionsaslipserviceorphaticcommunionformaintainingpersonalrelationshipwhiletheAmericansregardtheseonesasexpressionsofactualinvitation SomeExamplesforEssayQuestion2 Book4 Unit15 TheBritishculturestressespoliteness Asamatteroffact Americansandmostnationalitiesalsosaythis Itisessentialforsuccessfulandpeacefulcommunication Thisonereflectsthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguage Thesamephrasemaydevelopdifferentlywithindifferentculturalcontext Book4 Unit15 WhatelsedoyouknowaboutthedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanlanguageand orculture AdditionalQuestion SuggestedExamples Book4 Unit15 DifficultSentences 对于第一次到英国的许多美国人而言 最让他们惊讶的事情之一就是发生在他们尽心使用了多年的母语语言上的变化 面对在大不列颠岛上使用的英国语言的纷繁复杂 他们却突然变得难以应对 thecomplexityofthelanguage OneofthemoststartlingsurprisesformanyAmericanswhentheyfirstarriveinBritainisthediscoverythattheirmothertongue whichhasbeenservingthemfaithfullyalltheseyears issuddenlynotuptodealingwiththeintricaciesoftheEnglishlanguageaspracticedintheBritishIsles surprisingandsometimesworrying e g startlingresults Hemadesomestartlingadmissionsabouthispast notcapableofdealingwith Book4 Unit15 到了英国之后 你会发现无论在何处 在人们听来 自己口中制造的声音 称之为 语言 真是太抬举它了 说好听点 是奇特的 不准确的 说难听点 则是又让人摸不着头脑又鸹噪的 adisturbingexperienceunsettling causinganxietye g Thenewswasveryunsettling 这则新闻实在扰乱人心 ItisanunsettlingexperiencetoarriveintheUKandfindoneselfutteringvocalnoises speechisprobablytoostrongawordforit thatarereceivednearlyeverywhereasatbestquaintandimprecise atworstasmisleadingandnoisy Book4 Unit15 Irepliedinsteadiness feelingsomewhatanxiousanduncertainaboutmyanswer Irepliedwiththeuneasysteadinessofsomeoneforcedunexpectedlytostandhisground torefusetobepushedbackwards ortomaintainyourbeliefsinanargumente g Youweremistaken Youshouldn tstandyourground 你错了 你不应该固执已见 我不自在地回答 心里有些虚 感觉就像被人逼着顽固到底似的 Book4 Unit15 你知道 英国人总是在迷惑外国人的过程中暗自取乐 有时是无意的 要是你曾经试图想听懂板球比赛的讲解 就会体会到这一点 TheBritish yousee havealwaystakenaquiet sometimespracticallyunwitting pleasureinperplexingforeigners asanyonewhohasevertriedtofollowacricketmatchwillknow catchandunderstandthelanguageofsportscommendations withoutknowingorplanning quiteunintentional toconfuseandworrysomeoneslightlybybeingdifficulttounderstandorsolvePerplexed perplexing perplexity Book4 Unit15 Theystartedcallingtheupstairsfloorthefirstfloorratherthanthesecondfloor thusensuringthatNorthAmericanvisitorswouldspendlong bewilderedhourshuntingfortheirhotelroom 首先 他们称底层的楼上为一楼而不是二楼 如此保证了北美来的游客得摸上长时间才能找到饭店房间 ThevisitorsfromtheNorthAmerica wereingreatbewildermentandwouldhavetospendlonghourslookingfortheirhotelroom Book4 Unit15 然后 为了让我们迷糊得更彻底 他们开始用你怎么也料不到的奇怪方式来对付他们的元音和辅音 比如 把 library 和 necessary 中的整个音节砍掉 发成 libree 和 nessasree 或者莫名其妙地吞掉了 r 音 或者说话时要么不动嘴唇 要么只用鼻腔哼哼 Then tomakesurethatourconfusionwascompletetheytooktodoingoddandunexpectedthingswiththeirvowelsandconsonants loppingwholesyllabusoffwordslikelibraryandnecessary dispensingwithr sinawhimsicalandinconsistentway andspeakingsometimeswithoutmovingtheirlipsandsometimesthroughtheirnasalpassengers inanunusual strangeandchangeablewaytheycutoffthe r soundwithoutanyrule tocutsomethingoff togetridofsomethingorsomeoneorstopusingthembecauseyoudonotneedthem Book4 Unit15 这种刻意的模糊其辞 我们称之为文字上的回避 至今仍是英式语言的一个特征 theintentional carefullydesignedambiguity Thisstudiedambiguity whatwemightcallaflightfromliteralness remainsacharacteristicfeatureofEnglishdiscourse theformofgivingtheliteralmeaningofaword i e itsoriginal basicmeaning anactorexampleof escape runningawayoravoidingsomething e g Theylostalltheirpossessionsduringtheirflightfromtheinvadingarmy Book4 Unit15 遭遇如此的陷阱 难怪美国人会时常感到困窘或把握不了细微的差异 aconcealedholeinthegroundusedasatrap Givensuchpitfall it slittlewonderthatAmericansoftenmakegaffesorfailtocatchcertainnuances asubtledifferenceinshadesofmeaning feeling color etc makeembarrassingmistakes Book4 Unit15 LanguageWork FillingoutBlanksWorkwithSentencesWordStudy Book4 Unit15 Fillouteachblankwithawordfromthefollowinglist page287 startling idiosyncratic misleading intricacies telling pitfall muddled offspring Artificialinseminationreallycameasa ideaatfirst Manypeoplefearedthatthistechnologywouldcreatemoralandlegalproblems AfteryearsoflivingintheUnitedStatesheeventuallygothimselfacquaintedwiththe oftaxationinthatcountry Wearebombardedbynumerousadvertisementsthesedays Butfewofusareawarethatmanyadvertisementsare Thepainter sinsightisrepresentedinhis wayofartisticcreation appalled FillingOutBlanks Book4 Unit15 Clicktheword pitfall muddled InfrontofthephotosoftheNanjingMassacre theaudiencewere bythoseworstactsofsystematicbestialityinhumanhistory GeneticScreening canhelptoidentifysomeparents harmfulgeneswhichcanbepassedontotheir Thosewhocannotresistthetemptationofsalesneverrealizethe thattheirpurchasescouldbeeitherfakeproductsorthingstheywillneveruse Thejurywasfullconvincedoftheinnocenceoftheaccusedbyislawyer s speechinhisdefense Hefinallydroppedtheaccountingcoursebecauseheoftengot withfiguresanddiagrams offspring telling appalled Book4 Unit15 WorkwithSentences inconsequencedispensewithgosofarastohave incommonlikentobeuptosomethingdatefromtostandone sground Rewritethefollowingsentenceswiththeexpressionsinthebox page288 WhenwetalkaboutlearningalanguagesuchasEnglish JapaneseorChinese wetendtocomparethelearningprocesstoridingabicycle Unfortunatelythereisamisconceptioninthiscomparison DespiteCongress sobjection thePresidentinsistedonthedefensebudgetrise Thecity ssportscomplexhasthecapacitytohostanyinternationalgames Thecity ssportscomplexisuptohostinganyinternationalgames WhenwetalkaboutlearningalanguagesuchasEnglish JapaneseorChinese wetendtolikenthelearningprocesstoridingabicycle Butunfortunatelythereisamisconceptioninthiscomparison DespiteCongress sobjection thePresidentstoodhisgroundonthedefensebudgetrise Book4 Unit15 Sometimeago archaeologistsexploredanancienttempleanddiscoveredsomefragmentsofclaycontainersthatweremadeasearlyas15thcenturyBC Ifyougiveupalltheseurbanpleasuresandcomforts youwillfindthatthecountrysidecanprovideyouwiththebestthatlifecanoffer Manygirlsgoinforslimmingbydieting butsomeofthemgotosuchextremesthattheydenythemselvesalmostallnutritiousfood SometimesthedifferencesbetweenWesternandEasterncultureshavebeenundulyexaggerated Afterallwesharemuchsimilarityashumanbeingsinthisworld Theboygrewupwithoutsecurityandtheguidanceofacaringfatherandmother Asaresulthequicklygotintodrug dealingandhehimselfbecameadrugaddict Sometimeago archaeologistsexploredanancienttempleanddiscoveredsomefragmentsofclaycontainersthatdatedfrom15thcenturyBC Ifyoudispensewithalltheseurbanpleasuresandcomforts youwillfindthatthecountrysidecanprovideyouwiththebestthatlifecanoffer Manygirlsgoinforslimmingbydieting butsomeofthemgosofarastodenythemselvesalmostallnutritiousfood SometimesthedifferencesbetweenWesternandEasterncultureshavebeenundulyexaggerated Afterallwehavealotofthingsincommonashumanbeingsinthisworld Theboygrewupwithoutsecurityandtheguidanceofacaringfatherandmother Inconsequencehequicklygotintodrug dealingandhehimselfbecameadrugaddict Book4 Unit15 WordStudy page288 Book4 Unit15 StudythewordsorexpressionsinPartatogetherwiththemodelsinPartb Explainthewordsorexpressionsbasedonthemodelsentences ThentranslatethemodelsentencesintoChinese FinishPartb Usethepromptstoproducesentences 1 TheEnglishhavereallyeverythingincommonwiththeAmericans except ofcourse language 除了语言 英国人实际上与美国人没有什么不同 1 a IhavenothingincommonwithJane b ShesaidJohnhadalotincommonwithTombutIthinktheyarequitedifferent c Howmuchdoyoutwohaveincommon Joanasked toshareinterests experienceorothercharacteristicswithsomeoneorsomething Book4 Unit15 2 TheBritish yousee havealwaystakenaquiet sometimespracticallyunwitting pleasureinperplexingforeigners 你知道 英国人总是在迷惑外国人的过程中暗自取乐 有时是无意的 2 a Thosenaughtyboystakepleasureintorturingsmallanimals b Thesnobbishmantookgreatpleasureinremindingusofourpoverty c Heisanarrogantpersonandtakesgreatdelightinprovingotherswrong Book4 Unit15 3 Butinfactmany perhapsmost ofthedistinguishingcharacteristicsofBritishEnglishdateonlyfromthelate1700sandearly1800s 但实际上许多甚至大多数英式英语中的显著特征只是追溯到18世纪晚期到19世纪早期 3 a Thesestonesdatefromthedaysofthedinosaurs b ThistraditiondatesfrommedievaltimesasfarasIknow c Thepresentcityhalldatesbacktothe1880s tohaveexistedaparticularlengthoftimeorsinceaparticulartime Book4 Unit15 4 Then tomakesurethatourconfusionwascomplete theytooktodoingoddadunexpectedthingwiththeirvowelsandconsonants 然后 为了让我们迷糊得更彻底 他们开始用你怎么也料不到的奇怪方式来对付他们的元音和辅音 4 a He stakentosmokingcigars sleepinglateandgoingoutforawalkintheevening b Myfathertooktoeatingmorevegetableswhenhelearnedthattoomuchfatwasharmfultohisheart c Hehastakentowearingleatherjacketssincehemovedtothispartofthecountry taketosth tostartdoingsomethinghabitually e g Shewassodepressedshetooktodrink He stakentostayingoutverylate Book4 Unit15 5 Bob syouruncle isroughlyequivalenttopresto