英语第四册听力答案

UnitTwo I mgettingtiredofeveryonetellingmetobeoriginal Peoplesaythatoriginalitycanmakeapersonmoresuccessful andtheybringupexamplesofsuccessfulpeopletomaketheirpoint CharlieChaplin MarilynMonroe ZhangYimou andmore Theysaythatbeingoriginalcanmakeyouhappy ButI mnotsureIcanagreewithwhattheysay Therearemanyproblemswithbeingoriginal AndI mnotsurethatitiswhatpeopleshouldaimfor Why Well Ihavethreereasons First beingoriginalmeansignoringwhatotherpeoplearesayinganddoing Often wefollowthegroupbecausethegroupisright Forinstance whyshouldIsaythattheworldisflat justbecauseotherssayitisround Second beingoriginal thatisdoingsomethingthathasn tbeendonebefore isdifficult Andthird beingoriginalissometimesdangerous Itcanmakepeopledislikeyouverymuch Somepeoplestandoutastrulyspecialandoneofakind CharlieChaplin asuperstarofsilentcomediesandoneofthegreaticonsofthe20th centuryfilm isoneofthoseuniquepeople Chaplinhadarottenchildhoodandanearlystartonstage performingevenasachildinvaudeville HewenttoHollywoodin1914andbeganactinginsilentcomedies By1915 hecontrolledmostaspectsofhisfilms inwhichheusuallyappearedasacharactercalledsimplytheLittleTramp alovablyshabbydreamerwithabushymoustache bowlerhatandcane ChaplinwasoneofthefoundersofUnitedArtistsStudiosandwasoneofthefirstmoviemakerstohavecompletecontroloverhisfeatures Hisbest knownfilmsinclude1925 sTheGoldRush 1931 sCityLights and1936 sModernTimes FamouslyoutspokenandsympathetictoCommunism ChaplinlefttheUnitedStatesin1952becauseofincreasedpoliticalpressure HesettledinSwitzerland whereheandhiswifeOonaraisedeightchildren includingactressGeraldineChaplin In1972hereturnedtotheUnitedStatestoacceptaspecialOscar andin1975 hewasknightedbyQueenElizabethSecond WhenElvisPresleydiedonAugust16 1977 radioandtelevisionprogramsallovertheworldwereinterruptedtogivethenewsofhisdeath PresidentCarterwasaskedtodeclareadayofnationalmourning Eightythousandpeopleattendedhisfuneral Inthesummerof1953Elvispaidfourdollarsandrecordedtwosongsforhismother sbirthdayatSamPhillips SunRecordsStudio SamPhillipsheardElvisandaskedhimtorecord That sAllRight inJuly 1954 Twentythousandcopiesweresold mainlyinandaroundMemphis OnJanuary10 1956 Elvisrecorded HeartbreakHotel andamillioncopiesweresold Inthenextfourteenmonthshemadeanotherfourteenrecords andtheywereallbighits In1956healsomadehisfirstfilminHollywood In1972hiswifelefthim andtheyweredivorcedinOctober1973 Elvisdiedfromaheartattackin1977 Hehadbeenabusinghisbodyforseveralyearsbyeatinganddrinkingtoomuchandtakingacocktailofmedicinesandpossiblydrugs Heleftallhismoneytohisonlydaughter LisaMariePresley Shebecameoneoftherichestpeopleintheworldwhenshewasonlynineyearsold sketchshadowpaintingabroadEuropejewelsexquisitepicturesofroomswithhandsomelydressedpeopleinthemnotjusttheirclothesorthelinesoftheirfacesbuthewasfargreaterthantheywouldeverbecome UnitThree Aslongaswehaveresourcestohelppeople weshould Theconditionofthepoorshouldbeimprovedwiththeuseofgovernmentmoney AndIwouldliketogivereasonsforwhythisistrue Myopeningargumentdealswiththefeelingsofpeople Whenpeoplearepoor theytendtobeangry Anangrypopulationcandevelopsocialunrestwhichcaninturnleadtopoliticalrevolutionsandcivilwar Bygivingmoneytopoorpeople agovernmentcancalmthepublic Next I dliketointroducetheissueofstreetcrime Streetcrimeincludesmugging robbery andassaultcrimesusuallymotivatedbypoverty Whenpeoplehavemoney theyarelesslikelytocommitthesecrimes Andfinally there stheeconomy Whenpeoplespendmoney businessesprosper Whenthegovernmentgivesmoneytothepoor thepoorspendthatmoneyonthingswhichsupportbusinesses So weseethatgivingmoneytothepoormakesgoodsense SeptemberretireretirementreductionpracticalpensionsleisureTheclubarrangesdiscussiongroupsandhandicraftsessionsamembercanattendanycourseheldtherefreeofchargethefinancialsectiononMondaysandWednesdaysbetweensixandeightp m UnitFour Informationtechnologyhasopeneduptheworld allowingpeopletofindoutmoreaboutalmosteverythingrightaway Atanygivenminute youcanfindinformationaboutnearlyanythingyouwant However it salsopossibleforpeopletofindinformationaboutyouaswell Oneofthemostwidespreadusesofinformationtechnologyisinthesavingandmanagingofpersonalinformation Inthemodernworkplace recordsaboutemployeesaresavedincompanydatabases Recordsexistelsewherethatkeeptrackofyourhealthissues criminalrecordsandtheproductswebuy Eventhenamesofbookscheckedoutatthelibraryarerecordedonthecomputer Intheolddays recordslikethiswouldhavebeendifficulttokeep Whentheywerekept theyweredifficulttoaccess Thismeantthatalotofpersonalinformationaboutpeopleremainedsecret Nowadays secretsarenearlyimpossibletokeep Rightnowsomeonecouldbelearningeverythingaboutyou Fact theInternetisatoolthathasmanybenefits Peopleareabletocommunicatearoundtheworldforalmostnocost Suchcommunicationwouldbeveryexpensivebyothermethods Fact theInternetprovidesalotofinformation Theknowledgeoftheworldisliterallyatourfingertipseverytimeweturnonourcomputers Yetsomeofthisinformationcanbedangerous SowhydoIhate hate hatetheInternet Firstofall theInternetisaddictive OnceIgetontheInternet it shardformetogetoffit Icanspendalldayonthecomputerwithoutthinkingwhattimeitis Secondly IamconcernedthateveryoneintheworldwhohasaccesstotheInternetcanlearnhowtobuildabomborbuyagun Thirdly someoftheinformationontheInternetisn taccurate Manypeoplepostinformationonwebsitesbuttheyareoftenjustrubbishoradvertisingproductsorservices Searchingforreliableinformationcantakealotoftime fundamentaldramaticallymajorityworkforceself employedbreadthnotionsitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers digitalcommunications andfactoryrobotsstillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges willhavethegreatestadvantageandproducethemostwealth Unitfive Haveyouseenmytoothbrush Isn titwhereyoualwayskeepit Inthecabinetabovethebathroomsink No it snotthere So whydoyouthinkI dknowwhereit oh wait Yeah Idoknowwhereitis Ithoughtso So whereisit Checkbesidethesink OK yeah hereitis Butitlooksdirty Sorry Iwasusingittocleanthetoilet Thetoilet Yeah butitshouldbeOKtouseagain Justrunsomehotwateroverit Ican tbelievethis Ithinkwe regonnare thinkthiswholeliving togethersituation Ithoughthavingaroommate What youaren thappywithme Don tIpayhalfofallthebills Andifitweren tforme you dbereallylonely Recently Iwasaskedtomakeadecision eithermoveintoadormitorywitharoommateormoveintoanapartmentbymyself Thiswastheeasiestdecisiontomake Ichosetolivebymyself Myfriendsaskedmewhy Livingwithsomeoneisoneoftheworstthingsayoungadultcando Why Foronething bylivingwithsomeoneelse apersonbecomesdependentonthem If say aroommateiswillingandabletocookforus wewon tbothertolearntocookforourselves Foranotherthing havingaroommateisoftenanuisance Theymightplaymusictooloudorcomehomelateatnight Andthirdly whenapersonhasaroommate heisnotfreetodoashewishes Iflisteningtotheradioisbotheringhisroommate hemayhavetoshutitoff I mluckyinthatIcanaffordtolivebymyself Myfriendsaren tsofortunate andIthinktheywillsufferbecauseofit Mostpeoplepreferlivingbythemselves astheythinkthattheadvantagesoflivingalone suchasprivacyandquiet outweighthenegatives whichincludelonelinessandhighercosts However somepeople collegestudentsmostofall donothaveachoice Becausecostsaresohigh theyhavetolivewithoneormoreotherstudentsinwhat scalledadormitory Theterm dormitory usuallyreferstoalargeroomwithmanysinglebeds Examplesarefoundinmanyroominghouses hostels universities colleges andbarracks Theroomtypicallyisalargeroomwithbedsandonlysparsefurnishings Suchroomscancontainanywherefromtwotohundredsofbeds thoughverylargeroomsarerareexceptperhapsinmilitarybarracks Suchroomsprovidelittleornoprivacyfortheresidents andverylimitedstorageforpersonalitemsinornearthebeds Storageissometimesprovidedinspecialstoreroomsinanotherpartofthebuilding emergingresidentsparticipantscompanionshipsoldiersisolatedextraordinarywhohappentolivebythemselvesdieattwicetherateofthosewholivewithothers It sclearthatreachingouttootherscanhelpourbodiesthriveonly5percentofU S householdsconsistedofonepersonlivingalone UnitSix Somepeoplecomplainaboutwhattheyseeashypocrisyinsociety White collarcriminals peoplewhocommitbusinesscrimes arepunishedlessseverelythanareblue collarcriminals peoplewhocommitcrimessuchasassaultandmugging I however thinkthereissensiblereasonforthedifference Areasonfordifferentialtreatmentmightbethefactthat allotherthingsbeingequal criminalpenaltiestendtobemorerelatedtothedegreeofphysicalforceorviolenceinvolvedthantothemonetaryloss Becausewhite collarcrimesareusuallycommittedbypeoplewithopportunitiesthatdonotrequireviolence theyarefarlesslikelytogetseverepenalties Forexample someonewhomugsavictimonthestreetbythreateningtoknifehimisverylikelytobepunishedwithamoreseveresentencethaninsidetraderwhocheatsshareholdersoutofmilliondollars Thisdoesn tseemsowrongtome Crimebybusinesspeopleisahottopicthesedays Anditseemsthatmanypeoplewouldliketoseemorecrookedbusinessmenbehindthebarsofajailcell Theremaybegoodreasonstodoso Myfavoritereasonisthatwhitcollarcrimecostspeople shareholders taxpayers andothers money Anothersoundargumentforpunishingthesecriminalsisthatcorruptionisunderminingconfidence Still Idon tthinkthatfraudstersdeservethesamesortofpunishmentaskillersandrobbers Onereasonisthattheircrimesarenotviolent So called white collar crimerarelyinvolvesgunsorphysicalbrutality Anotherreasonisthat white collar criminalsusuallyreturnmoneytomakeupcompensationsforfinanciallosses Thisisasignoftheirregretforwhattheyhavedone Andthisisarulestipulatedbylaw Recentlyquiteafewgovernmentofficialshavebeenarrestedfortakingbribes Yes that strue Butdidyouhearthatmanyothershaveachancetosavethemselves No how Well fromlastyear cities includingMarseille Nantes ParisandCalais haveintroducedanewsystemtocombatcorruption Theyopenedaso called anti corruptionaccount Howdoesthatwork It sforofficialswhohavetakenbribes Theyareabletoanonymouslydepositmoneyequivalenttotheamountofthebribetheyaccepted Thishastobedonewithinagiventime though Thentheycangetreceiptsthatmaygivethemimmunityfromcertaintypeofprosecution Thebribescanhavebeencash presentsorsecurities anythingworthmorethan100francs Doesthatmeantheofficials penaltymaybereducedifthey refoundtohavebeeninvolvedinabriberyscandal Eveniftheyarefoundoutlater Yes Gettingthereceiptwillusuallymeantheystayoutoftrouble Iwonderhowmanyofficialshaveusedthisaccount Actually the anti corruptionaccount inNantesalonereceiveddepositsthattotaledmorethan400 000francs impeachscandalgamblingRepresentativesaccusationsproceduresoppositionresignedasSecretaryofSocialWelfareandurgedthePresidenttoresignfiveeconomicadviserstothePresidenthaveresigned theJudicialCommitteeandEconomicaffairsCommitteeintheHouseofRepresentatives Unit7 Aresomepeoplebetterthanotherpeople ThisissomethingI dliketotalkabout Therearepeoplewho dliketobelievethatsomegroupsarebetterthanothers However suchideasaremisguided astheyarenotbasedontruth Ithinkpopulationsarethesameandonegroupisnotbetterthananother First groupsaresimilarbiologically Weallhavethesamebasicfeatures butonlydifferinverysuperficialways likeskincolor Also eachgrouphasaculturethathasevolvedandsupporteditspeople sometimesforthousandsofyears Andrelatedtothisisthateachoneofthesecultures andeachoneofthesepeoples isuniqueand therefore special Eachprovidescolortotheworldandmakestheworldamoreinterestingplace Truly onegroup nomatterwhatthatgroupis cannotbebetterthananyothergroup Ifweacceptthispremise thenweshouldacceptoneanotherasequals Aregeniusesbornormade First therearepeoplelikeAlbertEinstein thephysicistwhosenewideasmadehimoneofthemostfamouspeopleinhistory Mostpeoplewouldsaythathisgeniuswasanaturalgiftgrantedbyhissuperiorgenes Otherphysicistsandmathematicianshavesimilarstories Theirabilitiesarebeyondmostofus However manygeniusesareofadifferentsort CharlesDarwinwasapoorstudent Whathehadinhisfavor however wasexperienceandanopenandcreativemind Onhisadventures hesawthingsthatmostotherpeopledidn t Hewascreativeenoughtoputtheseideastogethersoastocreateanideaforhowanimalschangeovertime Mostofall hewasabletoacceptideaswithanopenmind MostofDarwin sabilitiesarewithinourreach Hisexampleshowsusthatwecanallbecomegeniuses ResearchersannouncedonMondaythattheyhadcompletedthehumangeneticmap thegenome whichwillhelptransformmedicalcareinthe21stcentury Itwillmeandiseasescanbediagnosedandtreatedearlierandmedicinescanbetargetedmoreaccurately Inthefuture scientistswillbeabletoidentifythefaultygenesandreplacethem Peoplewillseenewmedicinesandnewtreatmentsofvariouskinds butnobodyshouldlookforthattohappenveryfast Toactuallycorrectgenesthataren tworkingwellwillbehardbutitwillhappenbitbybitoverthenextdecades saidDr JohnSulston theleadingBritishresearcher Awareofthehugefinancialbenefits biotechnologycompanieshavebeenrushingtosetuplaboratoriesandstartnewresearchprojects Theyhopetotransformthenewgeneticfindingsintopracticalusesinthefieldofmedicine Butcriticsalsowarnthattheinformationcouldbeusedbyinsurancecompaniesandemployerstodiscriminateagainstthosepeoplewhomayhaveatendencytocatchcertaindiseases Disabledpeoplefeartheinformationwillbeusedtocerateperfectpeopleandsomescientistsevenclaimthebenefitsoftheachievementwillonlybeenjoyedbypeoplelivinginwealthycountries would beintelligencegenesathleticmedicaldisclosedconsiderationthesumAmericaeggdonorsexpecttobepaidplusallthecostsofmedicaltreatmentandi