英美文学选读 之 Jonathan Swift

JonathanSwift 1667 1745 JonathanSwift JonathanSwift British sgreatestsatirist hasbeenseenbysomepeopleastheliterarykingofhisday Hewrotealotofpowerfulsatiricalessaysandbooks relentless 不留情的 andbitingwhendealingwiththeinjusticeandcorruptionoftherichandtheupperclass Literaryterm SatireApieceofliteraturedesignedtoridiculethesubjectofthework ideallywiththeintentofcorrecting orchangingthesubjectofthesatiricattack JonathanSwift sWorks Hismajorworks ATaleofaTub 1704 一个木桶的故事 BattleoftheBooks 1704 书的战争 JournaltoStella 1710 13 斯特拉日记 Gulliver sTravels 1726 格列佛游记 AModestProposal 1729 一个小小的建议 Gulliver sTravels Gulliver sTravels Itisasavage 猛烈抨击的 satireintheformofafabulous 寓言般的 travelogue 游记 Maincharacter CaptainLemuelGulliverItcontainsfourparts Thefirstpart AVoyagetoLilliput Thesecondpart AVoyagetoBrobdingnag Thethirdpart AVoyagetoLaputa Balnibari Glubbdubdrid Luggnagg andJapan Thefourthpart AVoyagetotheCountryoftheHouyhnhnms AVoyagetoLilliput 小人国 Madeupof8chaptersLilliputisanationofdwarfs 矮子 Theyareallsix inchestall Inthiscountry therearetwoparties whicharedistinguishedbytheuseofhighandlowheels obviouslyhereSwiftsatirizestheTories 托利派 andtheWhigs 辉格党 inEngland 托利派和辉格党 托利党 1679 1681年间在英国议会中形成的政治派别 托利党在日后发展成为英国的保守党 ConservativeParty 辉格党 英国辉格党产生于17世纪末 19世纪中叶演变为英国自由党 英国两大执政党 保守党 工党 LabourParty AVoyagetoLilliput Therearecivilstrife 冲突 andwarbetweenLilliputandtheneighboringcountryduetoanargument Shouldeggsbebrokenatthebigendoratthelittleend hereSwiftlaughsatthereligiouscontroversies 论战 betweentheCatholics 基督教会 andtheProtestants 新教徒 指16世纪脱离罗马天主教之基督教团体或后来由其形成的教派成员 inEngland What smore inthiscountry chiefministersandcandidates 候选人 aregivingjobsinaccordancewith 依照 theirskillindancingonaropeorinleapingoverastick hereSwiftcriticizesthecorruptionsoftheEnglishrulingclass LilliputisaminiatureofEngland Swift ssatireisdirectedagainsttheEnglishrulingclass thetwopoliticalparties andthereligiousdisputes 争论 AVoyagetoBrobdingnag 大人国 Madeupof8chaptersInthispart Gullivervisitsthelandofgiants another remotenation thatliesomewherenearAlaska Alltheinhabitantsonthisislandaresixty feettallandeverythingismuchtallerandbiggerthaninthehumanworld ThekingofBrobdingnagisdescribedasawiseandkindking andtheinhabitantsaresaidtobeacivilizedrace Thelawofthecountryisusedtodefendthenatives freedomandhappiness AVoyagetoLaputa Balnibari Glubbdubdrid Luggnagg andJapan Madeupof10chapters Thethirdpartdealswithaseriesofthehero sadventuresatseveralplaces OneoftheseisLaputa aflyingislandonwhichacurious lookingraceofphilosophersandmathematicianslive ThelandBalnibarithatfollowsnextisaplacewherescientiststrytomakesunshineoutofcucumbers ThenthereisGlubbdubdrid anationofmagicians whocansummonthedeadfromthepast AstoLuggnagg thereliveagroupofimmortals TheStruldbruggsbyname keepingtheirlongevity 长寿 butnotyouthandhealthandwisdom FromLuggnaggGullivergoestoJapanandthenreturnshome AVoyagetotheCountryoftheHouyhnhnms Madeupof10chaptersThispartdrawsthereaderstoastrangenationinwhichthemastersarehorseswhiletheservantsarehuman likecreatures Yahoos TheYahooslookeveryhumanbutbehaveexactlylikeanimals TheyhaveallthebeastlyqualitiesthatthebeastlyhumanofGulliver sowncountrymenhave violent evil Thehorsespossessallthevirtuesthatthebestofthecaptains ownracehave reason wisdom knowledge andselfcontrol Bythispart JonathanSwiftcriticizesthosepeopleespeciallytherulingcla