2高等学校研究生英语系列教材_综合教程(下)2

高等院校研究生英语系列教材 综合教程 下 INTEGRATEDCOURSE 2 SportsinSociety Unit2 Content StartingoutReadingFocusReadingMorePracticalTranslationFocusedWritingFinalProject Task1TakethequizonPage32andlearnmoreaboutsports Startingout 1 InwhatyearwerewomenfirstallowedtocompeteintheOlympicGames A 1800 B 1850 C 1900 Startingout Task1 Key C 2 Wherewasthe2006WorldCupheld A InGermany B InSouthAfrica C InFrance Startingout Task1 Key A 3 WhatarethethreemostpopularsportsintheUnitedStates A Football baseball andbasketball B Football soccer andbasketball C Football hockey andbasketball Startingout Task1 Key A 4 WhatdoesAFCstandfor Startingout Task1 Key AmericanFootballConference 5 WhatisthechampionshipgameofprofessionalUSfootball A TheSuperBowl B TheBigBowl C TheGreatBowl Startingout Task1 Key A 6 Whatwasthefirstsportseventtobetelecastlive A The1972NBAfinals B The1936BerlinOlympics C The1962WorldCup Startingout Task1 Key B 7 WhichsportisgovernedbyasetofrulesknownastheQueensberryrules A Boxing B Cricket C Shooting Startingout Task1 Key A 8 Whichofthefollowingisessentiallyanindoorsport A Cricket B Gymnastics C Golf Startingout Task1 Key B 9 Inwhichcountrywasgolffirstplayed A Scotland B France C Thailand Startingout Task1 Key A 10 Fromwhatwoodarecricketbatsusuallymade A Maple B Willow C Pine Startingout Task1 Key B 11 Whichsportiscalled thesportofkings A Golf B Horseracing C Surfing Startingout Task1 Key B 12 WhenwasasafetycarfirstusedinFormula1 A In1993 B In1985 C In1973 Startingout Task1 Key C Task2Lookatthesenewspaperheadlines Discussinpairswhatyouwouldexpecttoreadinthestoriesthataccompanythem P33 Startingout Task2 1 FootballerFacesSuspensionAfterAttackonSpectatorSample Startingout Task2 EricCantona theManchesterUnitedstriker willprobablybesuspendedfortherestoftheseasonafterheattackedaspectatorduringthematchagainstCrystalPalaceatSelhurstParklastnight TheincidenthappenedmomentsafterCantonahadbeensentoffforkickinganotherplayer hissixthsend offin16months Ashewalkedoffthefield aspectatorwasseenrunningdownagangwayfromsome20rowsback apparentlytoshoutabuseatCantona whosuddenlyturned jumpedoverthewallandkickedoutattheman andthenpunchedhim 2 OlympicChampionSwimmerApologizesforMarijuanaPipePhotoSample TheOlympicswimmingstarMichaelPhelpsquicklyacknowledgedhispoorjudgmentafteraphotographshowinghiminhalingfromamarijuanapipewaspublishedSundayinanEnglishnewspaper Althoughhisadmissionisunlikelytoaffecthisswimmingeligibility itcouldaffectthemillionsofdollarshehadsecuredinendorsementdeals InastatementreleasedSundaybyhismarketingagency Octagon Phelps whowonarecordeightgoldmedalsattheBeijingOlympics didnotchallengethelegitimacyofthephotographpublishedbythetabloidNewsoftheWorld Startingout Task2 3 OwnGoal DefenderShotDeadOutsideRestaurantSample Startingout Task2 AColombianfootballerwasshotdeadyesterdaybyangryfanswhoblamedhimfortheirside searlyexitfromtheWorldCup AndresEscobar adefenderwhoscoredanowngoalduringhisside sdefeatbytheUnitedStatesteam wasconfrontedbyagroupofmenasheleftarestaurantinMedellin 200kilometersfromBogota Afteranargumentabouthispoorperformance theyfired12bullets OneofthegunmenisreportedtohavesaidtoEscobarbeforetheshooting Thankyoufortheowngoal 4 WimbledonPaysEqualPrizeMoneySample Startingout Task2 TheWimbledonChampionshipswillofferwomenandmenequalprizemoneyatthisyear stournamentforthefirsttime TheannouncementbytheAllEnglandClubbringsthetournamentintolinewithotherGrandSlams followingcriticismfromofficialsandplayers WimbledonjoinstheUnitedStatesandAustraliainpayingequalmoneytowomenandmenacrosstheboard fromthechampionsdowntothefirst roundlosersinallevents TheFrenchOpenoffersthesamecheckonlytothechampions Task3Lookatthefollowingcartoonscarefully anddiscussingroupsthemessageineachcartoon P33 Startingout Task3 Startingout Task3 Sample Theuseofsportasasettingforadvertisingproductsiscommoninmanycountries Feesfromcorporatesponsorsareoftenusedtosupportamateurathletes events andtheadministrativestructuresofsportsorganizations Startingout Task3 Sample Likethegreedygolfer mostpeopleassumethatthecashrewardsforprofessionalathletesareasourceofmotivation However oneofthedangersofcommercialsportsisthattheyfocustoomuchonexternalrewardsratherthantheintrinsicsatisfactionofparticipation Startingout Task3 Sample Femaleathleteshavetraditionallybeenexcludedordiscouragedfromparticipatinginmanysports Statisticsshowthatglobalcollegiateinstitutionsonlyspend24 oftheirathleticoperatingbudgets 16 oftheirrecruitingbudgetsand33 oftheirscholarshipbudgetsonfemaleathletes Moreover lessthan1 ofallcoachesofmen steamsandlessthan46 ofallcoachesofwomen steamsarefemale Eveniffemaleathleteswinatthegames theymayreceivelessprizemoneyorscholarshipsandlessmediacoveragethanmaleathletes Startingout Task3 Sample Inheavycontactsports violentbehaviorandintimidationareoftenlearnedasstrategies Althoughallplayersdonotfeelcomfortablewiththeamountofviolenceintheirsports theyhavegenerallycometoacceptit Eventhosewhodon tlikeitmayreluctantlyuseitasawayofimprovingormaintainingtheirpositionsonteamsandtheirpopularitywithspectators BigSports BigCostWorldsportingeventssuchastheOlympicsandWorldCuprequirebillionsofdollarsofinvestmentandyearsofplanning Butdotheinvestmentspayoff helpingthelocalornationaleconomy Nowwatchthevideoandthenfinishtheblank fillingexercise Startingout Clickthepicture WorldsportingeventssuchastheOlympicsandWorldCupattracthoardsof bringing jobs moneyforbusinessesand forlocalgovernment Countriescompetehardtoholdsuchevents Butanalystssaythatthesesportingeventsarenotusuallylikelytobea tothehostcountry FariborzGhadarofPennsylvaniaStateUniversitypointsoutthathostcitiesofasportingeventtendto thebenefitwhile boththecostsofactuallyrunningtheoperationandthecostsofbuildingthe fortheevent GeorgeMasonUniversity sTonySamarasaysthatitisnotoftenclearhowhostcitiescalculaterevenuesfrommajorsportingevents becausebookkeepingcan fromonecitytothenext Ghadaralsonotesthatthecostof isamajorissuethatcanoffsetfinancialgainsaneventmightbring spectators constructionprojects taxrevenues netbenefit exaggerate Startingout underestimating infrastructure vary security CommercializationandChangesinSports ReadingFocus ReadingFocus Aswellasbeingaformofrecreationfortheparticipants muchsportisplayedinfrontofanaudience Mostprofessionalsportisplayedina theater ofsomekind beitastadium arena golfcourse racetrack ortheopenroad withprovisionforthe oftenpaying public Largetelevisionorradioaudiencesarealsocommonlyattracted withrivalbroadcastersbiddinglargeamountsofmoneyforthe rights toshowcertainfixtures ThefootballWorldCupattractsaglobaltelevisionaudienceofhundredsofmillions the2006Finalaloneattractedanestimatedworldwideaudienceofwellover700million IntheUnitedStates thechampionshipgameoftheNFL theSuperBowl hasbecomeoneofthemostwatchedtelevisionbroadcastsoftheyear SuperBowlSundayisadefactonationalholidayinAmerica theviewershipbeingsogreatthatin2007advertisingspacewasreportedasbeingsoldat 2 6millionfora30 secondslot BackgroundInformation ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding Para 1 Para 2 Paras 3 9 Introduction Sportshavebecome ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding commercialized Threefactorsthatinfluencespectators attachmenttosports Spectatorsareattractedby A B Theriskorfinancialrewardsassociatedwithparticipatinginanevent C Theuncertaintyofanevent soutcome Theanticipateddisplayofexcellenceorheroicsbytheathletes Changesinsportsassociatedwithcommercialization A Changesintheformatandgoalsofsports Sportshave theirbasicformatandgoals e g B Changesintheorientationsofpeopleinvolvedinsports a Withouttechnicalknowledgeaboutasport spectatorsareimpressedmoreby thanbyathleticskillsandstrategiesusedbyplayersandcoaches e g ThebasicstructureofeachOlympicsporthasremainedmuchthesameasitwasbefore dramaticexpression ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding maintained Thosewholacktechnicalknowledgeabouticeskatingaremoreentertainedbytripleandquadruplejumpsthanbysmoothandflawlessroutines b Sportparticipantstendtoemphasize overaestheticorientations C Changesinsportorganizations Thecontrolofsportorganizationsshiftsfurtherandfurtherawayfrom Theirdecisionsgenerallyreflectthecombinedeconomicinterestsofmanypeople butathletesarecutoutof ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding heroicorientations theplayers decision makingprocessesevenwhendecisionsaffecttheirhealthandwell being Task2 Readthefollowingstatementsanddecidewhethertheyaretrueorfalseaccordingtothetext Put T beforeatruestatementand F beforeafalseone P39 Key 2345678910 T T T F T F T F F T ReadingFocus DetailedInformation CriticalThinking ReadingFocus Readthefollowingsentencesfromthetext Interpretthesentencesanddiscusswithyourpartnerwhetheryouagreewiththeauthorornot Givespecificexamplestosupportyouropinions 1 Commercializationhasnothadadramaticeffectontheformatsandgoalsofmostsports ReadingFocus CriticalThinking 2 Astheneedtopleasena veaudiencesbecomesgreater sodoestheemphasisonheroicorientations Discussingroupsthefollowingquestions 1 Arethereanyotherthingsaffectedbycommercializationinthesamewayassports Givespecificexamplestosupportyouropinions ReadingFocus CriticalThinking 2 Manypeoplefeelthatathletesarepaidtoomuch Howdoyoufeelaboutthisissue 1 Funand goodgames arenowdefinedintermsofgatereceipts concessionsrevenues thesaleofmediarights marketshares ratingpoints andadvertisingpotential Para 1 intermsof asregards expressedas在方面 以某说法来表达e g 1 It samistaketothinkofFloridaonlyintermsofitstouristattractions 2 I dratherthinkofit 从投资的角度 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint intermsofaninvestment concession 1 somethingthatyouallowsomeonetohaveinordertoendanargumentoradisagreement妥协 让步e g Bothsidesmadevariousconcessions butneitherwouldbackdownonthecrucialpoints 2 aspecialrightthataparticularpersonorgroupofpeopleisallowedtohave forexamplebythegovernmentoranemployer ortheactofgivingorallowingsomethingasaright 政府或雇主等许可的 特权 特许权e g theimport exportconcessionsthathadbeengrantedtotheisland翻译 今天 乐趣和 好比赛 的定义取决于门票收入 特许权收入 媒体传播权的出售 市场份额 收视率以及广告潜力 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 2 Weknowthatwheneveranysportisconvertedintocommercialentertainment itssuccessdependsonspectatorappeal Para 2 convertedinto 1 change something fromoneformorusetoanother转变 转换e g Theyconvertedthesparebedroomintoanoffice 2 persuadesomeoneto changetoadifferentreligion 使某人 改变宗教信仰e g EuropeanmissionariesconvertedthousandstoChristianity 翻译 我们知道 每当任何一项体育运动被转化为商业性娱乐活动时 它的成功就依赖于观众的兴趣 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 3 Tomakemoneyonasport it snecessarytoattractamassaudiencetobuyticketsorwatchtheeventsontelevision Para 4 mass isusedhereasanadjective meaning involvingorintendedforaverylargenumberofpeople e g 1 大众传媒 2 大规模杀伤性武器 3 大规模生产 4 大规模抗议活动 5 大众营销 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint massmedia weaponsofmassdestruction massproduction amassprotest massmarketing 4 Similarly thosewhoknowlittleaboutthetechnicalaspectsoficeskatingaremoreentertainedbytripleandquadruplejumpsthanbyroutinescarefullychoreographedandpracticeduntiltheyaresmoothandflawless Para 5 Theprefix tri in triple means threetimes andtheprefix quadr in quadruple means fourorfourtimes ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 1 one 拉丁前缀uni unique独一无二的uniform制服希腊前缀mono monologue独白2 two 拉丁前缀bi bilingual双语的bilateral双边希腊前缀di dioxide二氧化物disyllable双音节词3 three 拉丁前缀tri triangle三角形tricycle三轮车4 four 拉丁前缀quadr quadrangle四边形quadruple四倍希腊前缀tetra tetragon四边形tetrahedron四面体5 five 拉丁前缀quint quintuple五倍quintet五重奏希腊前缀pent pentagon五角大楼pentathlon五项全能 routinen 1 theusualorderinwhichyoudothings orthethingsyouregularlydo常规e g Officialsattheexchangesaidyesterdaythatitscurrentinvestigationwasamatterofroutine 交易所的官员昨日表明 目前的调查只是例行公事 2 asetofmovements jokesetcthatformpartofaperformance舞蹈等表演的成套动作e g adanceroutine一套舞蹈动作routineadj e g 常规手术 定期保养 例行手续 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint routineoperation routinemaintenance routineprocedure 5 Theywanttoseeathletesoccasionallycollapseastheysurpassphysicallimits notathleteswhoknowtheirlimitssowelltheycansuccessfullycompeteforyearswithoutgoingbeyondthem Para 5 Trytofigureoutdifferentmeaningsof collapse ineachofthefollowingsentences 1 Minuteslaterthesecondtowercollapsed 2 Hecollapsedwithaheartattackwhilehewasdancing 3 Ithoughtthatwithoutmethewholeprojectwouldcollapse 4 Sharepricescollapsedafternewsofpoortradingfigures 交投数额不佳使股票价格暴跌 ofabuilding falldown ReadingFocus LanguagePoint ofaperson falldownbecauseofillness tiredness etc ofasystem ideaororganization fail ofprices level etc suddenlybecomemuchlower 6 Astheneedtopleasena veaudiencesbecomesgreater sodoestheemphasisonheroicorientations Para 7 Thissentencemeansthatastheneedtopleasena veaudiencesgrows increasinglymoreemphasisisplacedonheroicorientationsofathletes 翻译 取悦无知观众的需求越强烈 就越会强调英雄主义取向 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 7 Theseathletesusuallyevaluatethemselvesandotherathletesintermsofthesportethic andtheylearntoseeheroicactionsassignsoftruecommitmentanddedicationtotheirsport Para 7 ethic n ageneralideaorbeliefthatinfluencespeople sbehaviorandattitudes伦理 道德体系e g Peoplestillbelieveinthetraditionalworkethicandwearefortunatetheydo ethical adj 1 relatingtoprinciplesofwhatisrightandwrong有关道德的e g Theuseofanimalsinscientifictests 提出了一些棘手的伦理道德问题 2 morallycorrect合乎道德的e g Itwouldnotbeethicalforme asadoctor totalktoyouaboutmypatients ReadingFocus LanguagePoint raisesdifficultethicalquestions Distinguishbetweenethicandethnic ethicethicalethnic1 Only19percentoftherespondentsgavelawyershighmarksformaintaininghonestand standards 2 Tome somuchofitcomesbacktothework andcommitment 3 Employerscannotdiscriminateonthebasisofracialor background ReadingFocus LanguagePoint ethical ethic ethnic 8 Theseconditionscomeunderthecontrolofgeneralmanagers teamowners corporatesponsors advertisers mediapersonnel marketingandpublicitystaff professionalmanagementstaff accountants andagents Para 8 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint publicity n 1 theattentionthatsomeoneorsomethinggetsfromnewspapers televisionetc公众的注意e g Standardsineducationhavereceivedmuchpublicityoverthelastfewyears 2 thebusinessofmakingsurethatpeopleknowaboutanewproduct filmetcorwhataparticularfamouspersonisdoing宣传 广告e g Thepublicityforthebookwaspoorandsaleswerelow 该书宣传工作没有做好 所以销量不大 近几年来 教育标准得到了公众的大量关注 Task1Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriateformofthewordgivenandexplainitsmeaning P 41 ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction attached entertaining entertainment attachment 1 entertainA Frankieisknownthroughoutthe businessasanenergeticperformer B Children sTVprogramsnowadaysaremuchmore thantheyusedtobe 2 attachA Regularbabysitterscanbecomedeeply tothechildrentheytakecareof B WhenIwasdoinganEnglishcourseinBrighton Iformedastrong totheotherstudentsinmyclass 3 historyA Thefilmdoesn ttrytobe accurate butitisbasedlooselyonrealeventsandpeople B Inhisbook Churchilldescribesthat firstmeetingwithRoosevelt 4 innovateA Whenitwasfirstintroduced theelectriccarwasdescribedasoneofthe10most productsoftheyear B ininformationtechnologyhavecompletelytransformedthewaystudentswork 5 flawA Eachpartyrejectedtheother sapproach sayingitwas B IhadthoughtthathewasanativeChinesebecausehespokein Chinese ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction Innovations innovative historically flawed historic flawless 6 controversyA Therehasbeenahuge overwheretoputthecity snewsportsstadiumandwhoshouldbuildit B Hewroteavery book butIthinkhehasregretteditsince 7 reviseA Hegavehisworktohisfriendto becausehefoundithardtoseehisownmistakes B Thebookwentthroughseveral beforethepublishermentateA The ontheOlympicGameswasmuchbetterontheotherchannel B Afterretiring hebecamearadio oncricketandrugby andalsowroteaboutbothsportsforSundaynewspapers ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction revisions revise controversy commentary controversial commentator 9 restrictA However thecompanyhasahighly policywhichmakessuchdevelopmentdifficult B Increasingly campaignersaredemandingthatcountriesimpose onadvertisingaimedatchildren 10 heroA Hewasfamedfor deedsduringthewar B America spresentneedisnot butcalmdiplomacy ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction heroics heroic restrictive restrictions Task2 Readthefollowingsentencesanddecidewhichoftheitalicizedwordsfitseachofthesentences P42 ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction 1 Employerscannotdiscriminateonthebasisofracialorethnic ethicbackground 2 Alltypesofinsurancearehandledbothforpersonalandcooperate corporatecustomers 3 Policebelievethestrategic tragicdeathof21 year oldLeeRussellmaybelinkedtodrugabuse 4 Mostlybecauseofhisdefenseandathletic aestheticability hisplayingtimehasincreasedthelasttwoweeks 5 Wehavelookedatsomeofthekeyprinciplesthatunderlie underlinemicroeconomics 6 Astack stakeofcopieswaspiledupattheentrancetotheArtsLab 7 Thecriticalfactorsindeterminingthegrowthinthepresentstudyareallexternal noneareextrinsic intrinsictothescienceitself 8 Panhasbeenstrugglingfinancially lastyearalone advertisingrevenue avenuefellby20 9 Iwasconstantlyengraved engrossedbytheproblemsoftime space quality andothercategoriesofreason 10 Theaward rewardceremonywillbeheldattheNationalFilmTheatertonight ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction Task3 Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromthebox Changetheformifnecessary P42 43 Key1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction revenues receipts economic rewards athletes sponsor spectators maintain availability stadiums anticipated publicity WithoutPassion SoccerisJustAnotherGame ReadingMore ReadingMore DetailedInformation CriticalThinking LanguagePoints VocabularyinAction 1 2 3 4 Task1Completethefollowingsummaryofthereadingpassage Littlestirsanationtoanextremelevelofbreathlessdelightandhelplessdespairasswiftlyasafootballgame Ithasalltheconstituentsofgreatdramawrappedupinoverriding1 Andthat swhatcharacterizessportatthislevel astonishingly2 drama Sportmatterstosomanysoverydeeplybecauseitoffersafascinating3 intosuccessandhowmuchvictorymatters Sportingsuccess4 thesportitself Whatattractsattentionisnotonlytheplayingofthegamebutalsothewatchingofwinners thecreatingofwinnersandthe5 withlosers passion powerful insight transcends sympathy ReadingMore DetailedInformation Sportsareclean cutanddefinitivebattlesforvictory The6 atitscoreiswhatseparatessportfrom7 andmakessportcompelling Whatalsomakesfootballsocompellingisitsfocusonthe8 Butfootballalsocreatesindividual9 Momentsofhighdramaandgre