Basic RAM_IAEA_Slides_1 放射性物质运输培训英文版

RadioactiveMaterialsTransportationTraining 1 UponCompletionofThisModule Unit1 YouWillBeAbleto Define radioactivematerial accordingtotheIAEATS R 1Determinewhetheragivenmaterial mixturewouldberegulatedasaradioactivematerialUsingTable1 determinetheproperactivitylimitationforsingleandmixturesofradionuclides 2 AuthorityofIAEA TheIAEAistheonlyUNagencyauthorized bystatute todevelopandpromulgateregulationsforthesafetransportofradioactivematerialOtherUNbodies includingtheUNCommitteeofExperts IMO ICAO basetheirregulatorydocumentsontheIAEA sTransportRegulations TS R 1 3 NatureoftheIAEA sTransportRegulations MandatoryforIAEA sownoperationsRecommendedforIAEAMemberStatesChinabecameaMemberStatein1984Usuallyrequiredforexport ifshippingorreceivingStatehasadoptedIAEArules 4 CompetentAuthority AVitalFigureinRegulatoryCompliance CompetentAuthorityshallmeananynationalorinternationalregulatorybodyorauthoritydesignatedorotherwiserecognizedassuchforanypurposeinconnectionwiththeseRegulations 207 5 TheRoleoftheCompetentAuthorityforTransportisBroad LegislationNational internationalClass7regulationsRegulationCompliance inspectionandenforcement emergencyplanningAdministrationApprovals notifications records packageidentificationmarksInformationPolicyguidanceTrainingResearchWhoisYOURCompetentAuthority CompetentAuthorityLegislation 6 Training AVitalComponentofCompliance Trainingisneededfor consignorscarriersemergencyresponderscustomsgovernmentstaffTraininghelpsassurecomplianceComplianceassuranceistheresponsibilityofthecompetentauthority 208 7 RadiologicalHazards RADIATION theenergyandparticlesfromradioactivematerialCONTAMINATION radioactivematerialinplaceswhereitisnotwantedRemovable non fixed Fixed 8 ALARAisaGuidingPhilosophyBehindRadioactiveMaterialTransportationRegulations AsLowAsReasonablyAchievable 9 RadiationisMeasuredbytheEnergyEmittedFromaMaterial Sievert inplaceofREM Becquerel inplaceofCi Conversions 1millisievert hr 100mrem hr 1Terabecquerel TBq 27Curies Ci 10 DecimalConversionsCanbea Down RightUp Left ing Experience 11 IAEADefinesaLowerLimitforRadioactiveMaterialsinTransportation ConcentrationandConsignment ConcentrationandConsignment NonRAD RAD Table1 Table1 12 IAEADefinesRadioactiveMaterialsinTwoForms SpecialForm A1 Materialtestedandcertifiedperparas 704 711 Radiationhazardonly Nocontaminationpossible UseA1valueNormalForm A2 Radiationexposure Contaminationpossible UseA2value 13 RadioactiveMaterialActivityLimitsAreBasedontheRadionuclideandItsForm 14 DeterminingTypeAandGreaterThanTypeAQuantitiesisaSimpleProcess Table1A1orA2ColumnamountinTBq 15 AdvanceNotificationfor HighActivity Shipments 16 LimitedQuantitiesofRadioactiveMaterialsHaveLowActivityLimits ActivityLimitsperTable3 17 RadioactiveMaterialShipmentsAreBasedontheAmountof Activity PerPackage Notification Quantity 18 UponCompletionofUnit2YouWillBeAbleto DeterminethemostappropriatepropershippingnameforaradioactivematerialormixtureDeterminetheminimumpackagingrequiredforagivenradioactivematerialormixtureDefinethetermanduseforExclusiveUseshipments 19 RadioactiveMaterialProperShippingNames UN2911 Radioactivematerial exceptedpackage instrumentsorarticlesUN2909 Radioactivematerial exceptedpackage articlesmanufacturedfromnaturalordepleteduraniumornaturalthoriumUN2908 Radioactivematerial exceptedpackage emptypackagingUN2910 Radioactivematerial exceptedpackage limitedquantityofmaterialUN2912 Radioactivematerial lowspecificactivity LSA I nonfissileorfissile exceptedUN3321 Radioactivematerial lowspecificactivity LSA II nonfissileorfissile exceptedUN3324 Radioactivematerial lowspecificactivity LSA II fissileUN3322 Radioactivematerial lowspecificactivity LSA III nonfissileorfissile exceptedUN3325 Radioactivematerial lowspecificactivity LSA III fissileUN2913 Radioactivematerial surfacecontaminatedobjects SCO IorSCO II nonfissileorfissile excepted 20 RadioactiveMaterialProperShippingNames UN3326 Radioactivematerial surfacecontaminatedobjects SCO IorSCO II fissileUN2919 Radioactivematerial transportedunderspecialarrangement nonfissileorfissile exceptedUN3331 Radioactivematerial transportedunderspecialarrangement fissileUN3327 Radioactivematerial TypeAPackage fissile non specialformUN2915 Radioactivematerial TypeAPackage non specialform nonfissileorfissile exceptedUN3333 Radioactivematerial TypeAPackage specialform fissileUN3332 Radioactivematerial TypeAPackage specialform nonfissileorfissile exceptedUN3329 Radioactivematerial TypeB M Package fissileUN2917 Radioactivematerial TypeB M Package nonfissileorfissile exceptedUN3328 Radioactivematerial TypeB U Package fissileUN2916 Radioactivematerial TypeB U Package nonfissileorfissile exceptedUN2977 Radioactivematerial uraniumhexafluoride fissileUN2978 Radioactivematerial uraniumhexafluoride nonfissileorfissile excepted 21 RadioactiveMaterial ExceptedPackage LimitedQuantityofMaterial Listofapplicablerequirements para 515ActivitylimitsperTable3 para 518 Packagesurfaceradiationlevel5 Sv hr 0 5mR hr perpara 516Perpara 515 c mustmeetafissileexceptionfrompara 672 Radioactive markingperpara 518UNID marking UN2910 perpara 536Exceptedpackagerequired seepara 620 22 RadioactiveMaterial ExceptedPackage InstrumentsorArticles ActivitylimitsperTable3 para 517 DoseratelimitsArticle 0 1mSv hr 10mR hr 10cm 4in para 517 a Packagesurface 0 005mSv hr 0 5mR hr para 516 Perpara 515 c mustmeetafissileexceptionfrompara 672 Radioactive markingonarticleperpara 517 c UNID marking UN2911 perpara 536Exceptedpackagerequired 23 RadioactiveMaterial ExceptedPackage ArticlesManufacturedfromNaturalorDepletedUraniumorNaturalThorium Thesoleradioactivematerial para 519 Natural depleteduraniumNaturalthoriumPlacedinaninactivesheathSurfaceDoseRate 5 0 Sv hr UNID marking UN2909 perpara 536Exceptedpackagerequired 24 RadioactiveMaterial ExceptedPackage EmptyPackageorEmptyPackaging EmptiedofcontentsasfaraspracticalandsecurelyclosedSurfacedoserate 5 0 Sv hr ExternalcontaminationlevelsInternalcontaminationlevelsperpara 520 c MustqualifyasfissileexceptedUNID marking UN2908 perpara 536Anypreviouslyappliedlabelscannotbevisible 25 RadioactiveMaterial Fissile 26 perpara 672 RadioactiveMaterial SpecialForm Mustmeetdefinitionof specialform IndispersiblesolidradioactivematerialContainedinasealedcapsuleMinimumdimension5mmSatisfiestestrequirementsofparas 704 711Openonlybydestroyingcapsule CertificateofSpecialForm documentationrequired paras 803 804 27 LSAMaterialAddsAnotherDimensiontoActivityLimits ReasonforLSAMaterial theexistenceofcertainsolidmaterials thespecificactivityofwhicharesolowthatitisinconceivablethat underanycircumstancesarisingintransport asufficientmassofsuchmaterialscouldbetakenintothebodytogiverisetoasignificantradiationhazard TS G 1 1 226 1 28 SomeExamplesofLSARadioactiveMaterial UandThoresandtheirconcentratesIsotopeswith unlimited A1 A2valuesProcesswastes e g sludge resins activatedcomponents TritiatedwatersolutionsLowactivityradioactivematerialthatisdistributedthroughoutamatrix 29 RadioactiveMaterial LowSpecificActivity 30 LSA I LSA II LSA IIIMustmeetdefinitionANDactivitylimitsineachcategory DefinitionandActivityLimitsDefineLSAMaterialGroups LSA ISpecificallylistedmaterials orUnlimitedA1 A2nuclides or 30 exemptmateriallimitsOnlyfissileexceptedLSA IITritiumwater 0 8TBq L orActivitydistributedthroughoutmatrix 10 4A2 gsolidsandgases 10 5A2 gliquids 226 a and b 31 DefinitionandActivityLimitsDefineLSAMaterialGroups LSA IIISolids excludingpowdersActivitydistributedthroughoutsolidorcollectionofsolidobjectsActivityessentiallyuniformlydistributedinasolidcompactbindingagentMaterialisrelativelyinsolubleEstimatedaveragespecificactivity 2X10 3A2 g 226 c TS G 1 1 226 12 226 14 32 ConsiderationsWhenDeterminingLSASpecificActivity Externalshieldingmaterialifnotradioactiveitself cannotbeaddedtonetmassofmatrixSolidcompactbindingagentswhenmixedwithradioactivematerial maybeaddedtonetmassofmatrix 33 ApplicationofLSA IIandLSA III DistributedThroughout DividevolumeintodefinedportionsAssessandcomparespecificactivityofeachportionSuggested portions basedontotalvolume 1m3 tenequivalentportions 0 2and 1m3 fiveequivalentportions 0 2m3 noguidancecriteriaprovided 10 differenceinspecificactivitybetweeneachportion TS G 1 1 226 12 15 34 ApplicationofLSA III EssentiallyUniformlyDistributed ApplicablewithsolidcompactbindingagentsMinimumnumberofportions 10Maximumvolumeofeachportion 0 1m3Specificactivityassessedby measurementscalculations 3 differenceinspecificactivitybetweeneachportion TS G 1 1 226 16 17 35 ApplicationofLSA III RelativelyInsoluble Theradioactivematerialisrelativelyinsoluble orisintrinsicallycontainedinarelativelyinsolublematrix sothat evenunderlossofpackaging thelossofradioactivematerialperpackagebyleachingwhenplacedinwaterforsevendayswouldnotexceed0 1A2 TS G 1 1 226 8 226 9 36 TheUnshieldedDoseRateLimitsApplicationofLSAMaterial ThequantityofLSAmaterialorSCOinasingleIndustrialpackageType1 TypeIP 1 TypeIP 2 TypeIP 3 orcollectionofobjects whicheverisappropriate shallbesorestrictedthattheexternalradiationlevelat3mfromtheunshieldedmaterialorobjectorcollectionofobjectsdoesnotexceed10mSv h 521 37 OtherRequirementsImposedonLSAMaterial LSA IIITestRequirements 226 601 703 Solidmaterialonly7 dayimmersiontestFissileMaterial 522 Unlessfissileexcepted LSAmaterial whichisorcontainsfissilematerialtheapplicablerequirementsofparas 569 570and671shallbemet 38 OtherRequirementsImposedonLSAMaterial ConveyanceActivityLimit Table5 nolimitto100A2 525 SingleholdorcompartmentofaninlandwatercraftOtherconveyanceConveyanceActivityLimit AirTransport 412 Singlepackageofnon combustiblesolidLSA IIorLSA IIIshallnotcontainactivity 3000A2 39 Summary CriteriaforClassifyingasLSAMaterial Definition 226 Unshieldeddoserate 412 521 LSA IIImaterialtestrequirements 601 703 Fissileexcepted 672 orFissilematerialcriteria 522 569 570 671 Conveyancelimits 412 525 40 SCOisAnotherCategorythatMayExpandActivityLimitsperPackage DiffersfromLSAMaterialbydefinition asolidobjectwhichisnotitselfradioactivebutwhichhasradioactivematerialdistributedonitssurfaces 241 TwoSCOGroupsbasedonlevelsofcontaminationSCO ISCO II 41 SomeExamplesofSCO Non activatedcomponentsNon activatedpipingandcontainersToolsandmaintenanceequipmentGloveboxesandtheircontentsPersonalprotectiveclothingSurveyswabs 42 RadioactiveMaterial SurfaceContaminatedObject Non radioactiveobjectwithcontaminationonitssurfacesMustmeetdefinitionANDcontaminationlimitsSCO IandSCO II 43 Rightcontainer Wrongtransportvehicle AreasofConcern ProperDescriptionofContaminationforSCO AreasofconcernNon fixedcontamination accessiblesurfacesFixedcontamination accessiblesurfacesAllcontamination inaccessiblesurfacesTypesofcontaminationBeta gamma andlowtoxicityalphaemittersAllotheralphaemitters TS R 1 241 44 LevelofContaminationSeparatestheTwoSCOGroups Accessiblecontaminationlevel100 morerestrictiveforSCO IthanSCO IIFixedaccessibleandallinaccessiblecontaminationlevels20 morerestrictiveforSCO IthanSCO II 241 45 ComparisonofSCO IandSCO IIActivityLimits 241 46 TheUnshieldedDoseRateLimitsApplicationofLSAMaterial ThequantityofLSAmaterialorSCOinasingleIndustrialpackageType1 TypeIP 1 TypeIP 2 TypeIP 3 orcollectionofobjects whicheverisappropriate shallbesorestrictedthattheexternalradiationlevelat3mfromtheunshieldedmaterialorobjectorcollectionofobjectsdoesnotexceed10mSv h 521 47 OtherRequirementsAreImposedonSCO FissileMaterial 524 Unlessfissileexcepted SCO whichcontainsfissilematerialshallmeettheapplicablerequirementsofparas568 569and671 ConveyanceActivityLimit Table5 nolimitto100A2 524 SingleholdorcompartmentofaninlandwatercraftOtherconveyance 48 RadioactiveMaterial TypeAPackage Specialor Normal Other formFissileornon fissileMaterials Axvalue 49 RadioactiveMaterial TypeBPackage Specialor Normal Other FormFissileornon fissileMaterials AxvalueB U B M 50 PackagingBasedonProperShippingName TotalActivityandRadionuclidesPresent 51 SomeLSAandSCOMaterialsMaybeTransportedUnpackaged LSA IandSCO IExclusiveuseNoescapeofRAMcontentsNolossofshieldingActivitylimitsContaminationlimits 52 ExceptedPackagingsMustMeetGeneralRadioactivePackagingStandards Minimumrequirementsofparas 606 616LeakfreeSecurelyclosedWithstandnormaltransportationOutagerequirementsCompatibilityCushioning absorbentLiftingattachmentsExternalsurfacecareLimitedto exceptedpackage propershippingnames 53 IndustrialPackagingsHave3Types IP 1 Exceptedpackagingperparas 606 616 621 IP 2 IP 1plusDropTestandStackingTest 622 IP 3 TypeApackagingforsolids 623 LSAandSCOmaterialsonlyTestsanddesignrequirementsdifferforeachIPRecordkeepingrequirementsapplyforallofferorsofIP 2andIP 3 801 Somepackagingcertification butnoidentificationcodesapplicable fromCompetentAuthority Markingsrequired 54 UF6Packagings Requirementsfoundinparas 629 632Breakpoint 0 1kgormore ISO7195mustbemetaswellFreedrop thermaltestingalsorequiredPackagescontaining0 1kgormoreofUF 6requireCompetentAuthorityApproval 805 55 TypeARadioactiveMaterialPackagesarePerformanceTestedPackages DesignedtowithstandnormalconditionsFourtestsrequiredDrop 722 Waterspray 721 Puncture 724 Compression 723 AdditionaltestsforliquidcontentsManufacturerorshippercertifiedIdentifiedbyVRICode TypeA 56 633 TypeBPackagesaretheStrongestShippingPackagesMade DesignedtowithstandhypotheticalaccidentconditionsFivetestsrequiredDropPunctureFireImmersionCrushCertifiedIdentifiedby CoC number 57 650 LSAandSCOPackagesHaveUniquePackagingConfigurations IndustrialpackagingsbasedonTable4Unpackaged ifLSA IorSCO I exclusiveuse meetingallotherrequirementsofpara 523 TABLE4 INDUSTRIALPACKAGEREQUIREMENTSFORLSAMATERIALANDSCOIndustrialpackagetypeRadioactivecontentsExclusiveuseNotunderexclusiveuseLSA ISolidaTypeIP 1TypeIP 1LiquidTypeIP 1TypeIP 2LSA IISolidTypeIP 2TypeIP 2LiquidandgasTypeIP 2TypeIP 3LSA IIITypeIP 2TypeIP 3SCO IaTypeIP 1TypeIP 1SCO IITypeIP 2TypeIP 2aUndertheconditionsspecifiedinpara 523 LSA ImaterialandSCO Imaybetransportedunpackaged 58 ExclusiveUse ShipmentsMustMeetSpecificRequirements 59 UponCompletionofUnit3 YouWillbeAbleto DeterminetherequiredmarkingsforpackagedradioactivematerialsDeterminetherequiredlabelsforpackagedradioactivematerialsCompletetherequirementsfordocumentationofradioactivematerialspackagesApplytheappropriatecontaminationandradiationrequirementsforaradioactivematerialsshipmentDetermineplacardingrequirementsforcontainersofradioactivematerials 60 HazardCommunicationsAreImportantforRadioactiveMaterials 61 UN2915 7 PackagesofRadioactiveMaterialsMayRequireAdditionalMarkings ProperShippingNameIDNumberConsignor s Consignee sNameandAddressGrossWeight if 50kg PackagetypeasappropriateTrefoilsymbolonTypeBpackagesVRICodeOthers 62 RadioactiveMaterialsPackagesMayRequireHazardLabels 63 EnlargedLabels AnoptiontohavingBOTHtheradioactivelabelsandplacardsonall4sidesofthefreightcontaineris enlargedlabels 64 Dimensionsofenlargedlabelsare250mmX250mm sameasaplacard goonall4sidesofcontainer RadioactiveMaterialsLabelsHaveUniqueDataEntryandLocationRequirements 65 Labelsrequiredontwooppositesides FissilePackagesRequiretheFissileLabel 66 RadioactiveMaterialTransportDocumentsRequireAdditionalInformation RequiredInformationConsignor s Consignee sNameandAddressPackageTypeandCountBasicDescriptionQuantityRadionuclidesPhysical ChemicalFormActivityperPacka