专业四级考试题型

1 专业四级考试的应对方法II 2 考核运用词汇 短语 语法结构以及基本语法概念的能力 要求能灵活正确地运用教学大纲语法大纲一至四级的全部内容 掌握教学大纲词汇表5500 6000个认知词汇 并能正确熟练地运用其中3000 4000个单词及其最基本的搭配 该部分一共30题 共15分 其中词汇和语法各占50 Vocabulary Grammar考核内容 3 语法结构的考查重点 涉及面宽 所有词类动词的三种非谓语形式名词从句形容词从句副词从句独立主格一致倒装强调 4 语法结构的考查重点 重点突出内容庞杂较难掌握的项目 虚拟语气状语从句定语从句独立主格情态动词具体考查重点为以上项目的特殊用法 5 语法和词汇的复习思路 1 全面掌握基本语法点 重点记住各个项目中的 偏 特 难 点 2 掌握常用习惯用法和词组 3 注意在阅读中培养语感 因为在语篇层次上培养的语感往往可以直接帮助答题 4 研究以往考试试题 适当做些练习记住典型题例 6 虚拟语气 Itisadj p p that从句 用 should 动词原形vital necessary urgent imperative desirable advisable essential impossible appropriate proper preferablesuggested arranged requested required recommended demanded desired 1 Itisnecessarythatwenotforgetourinstructions 2 Theprofessorsaiditwasimperativethathe thereportbynextFriday A gotB getC wouldgetD wouldhavegot 7 3 Itisessentialthattheseapplicationforms backasearlyaspossible A mustbesentB willbesentC aresentD besent 4 Theboarddeemediturgentthatthesefiles rightaway A hadtobeprintedB shouldhavebeenprintedC mustbeprintedD shouldbeprintedD urgent在句中做形式宾语it的补足语 其后的从句应使用虚拟式 即should 动词原形 8 5 Hisfatherstatesthatitisimportanthe twoyearsofSpanishbeforegraduation A completesB hascompletedC willhavecompletedD havecompletedD compare ItisimportantthathehascompletedtwoyearsofSpanishbeforegraduation 9 V that从句 用 should 动词原形建议 suggest propose recommend命令 order command demand请求 request require insist6 Hedemandsthathisson him A obeysB oughttobeyC obeyD toobey7 Itwasrecommendedthatpassengers smoke A notB neednotC couldnotD wouldnotA 虚拟动词为be not放在be前与后皆可 其他动词 not放在动词前 Heinsistedthatshenotbepresent benotpresent 10 N thatclause用 should 动词原形suggestion proposal order motion recommendation8 Heleftordersthatnothing toucheduntilthepolicearrived A beB oughttobeC mustbeD wouldbe9 Mr Smithwasdeterminedthathischildren intheschool A wouldbetakengoodcareofB couldbetakengoodcareofC shouldbetakengoodcareofD mustbetakengoodcareofC bedetermined makeadecision 11 10 Heinsistedthathe innocent A wasB wereC beD isA Hereinsistmeansassertforcefullyandpersistently inwhichcaseitintroducestheindicative Insistcanmeandemandforcefullyandpersistently inwhichcaseitintroducesthesubjunctive Heinsistedthathebegiventhechancetoproveit 11 Herfacialexpressionsuggestedthatshe angry A shouldB mustbeC wasD beC Heresuggest indicate 12 lest incase forfearthat表示目的 有时用 should 动词原形Iavoidedmentioningthesubjectlestshe should beoffended Idaren ttellyouwhathesaidaboutyou forfearthathe should beangrywithme Heleftearlyincasehe should missthelasttrain 这里的should词汇意义相当于might 而且也可以使用陈述语气Takeyourraincoatincaseitrains 13 12 Harryreadtheletteragainlesthe anythingimportant A shouldmissB havemissedC wouldmissD mighthavemissedA Inorderthat indicatingapositivepurpose alsosometimesintroducesasubjunctiveclause thoughitmorecommonlyintroducesaclauseusingtheauxiliaryverbmay orinthesubjunctive might Iamputtingyourdinnerintheoveninorderthatit may keepwarm Hewroteitinhisdiaryinorderthathe might remember 14 If though whatever solongas whether引导从句可以用动词原形 should may 动词原形 或陈述式Ifthatbethecase Thougheveryonelikeyou Iwillnot Whateverbeyourexcuse Iwillnotforgiveyou Whethershebeyoungorold Itistime abouttime hightime that从句 用一般过去时13 It stimewe ourdispute A shouldsettleB settleC settledD oughttosettle 15 butfor exceptfor 主句可用虚拟Exceptforyou Ishouldbedeadbynow 14 yourtimelyadvice Iwouldneverhaveknownhowtogoaboutthework A UnlessB ButforC ExceptD NotforB asif asthoughHewalksasitheweredrunk Hewalksasifheisdrunk 16 wish后的宾语从句与过去事实相反 用过去完成时IwishIhadnotattendedhislecturelastterm 与现在事实相反 用一般过去时IwishIwerealittlebird 将来的愿望 用would could might 动词原形Iwishsomethinginterestingwouldhappen ifonly与wish一样IfonlyIcouldownaBMW Ifonlyshecouldhavelivedalittlelonger Ifonlytherewouldbenotest 17 Iwouldrather wouldsooner wouldjustassoon wouldprefer mightaswell 用一般过去时或过去完成时Iwouldratheryoukeptbeinghard hearted Iwouldrathertheyhadn tgotmarried I drathershe lessonfancyclothes A wouldspendB spentC willspendD spendsB 18 情态动词表示的假设意义Thatsheshouldleavemewasratherunthinkable Wouldthateveryonemighthaveashelter Tothinkthattheirlovewouldcometosuchaconclusion Hewouldthathisbossnotbesocruel 19 程式化语言ifneedbeasitwerebethatasitmay 就算是那样 Iknowyoudon tlikehim butbethatasitmay youcanatleastbepolitetohim farbeitfrom orfor me 我决不会 Farbeitfrommetotellyouwhattodo GodblessAmerica Heavenforefend 禁止 forbiddensobeit 那就这样吧 woebetideWoebetideanyonewhoarriveslate 20 If在虚拟从句中的省略 有had should were 倒装 immediately shewouldbeabletosubmitthereportbeforethedeadline A WeresheactingB WereshetoactC IfsheactsD IfshewillactB 21 非谓语动词不定式 分词 动名词1 Heleftthehouseinahurrywiththedoor A tounlockB unlockingC tobeunlockedD unlockedD 2 Although Spanish heattendedthecourse A hewasknowingB heisknowingC havingaknowledgeofD knowsC know是静态动词 不能用于进行时 knowledge作 了解 讲时 前面可加 a 常用于词组haveaknowledgeof中 所以选C 22 3 Thoughhisfatherneverapprovedof todramaschool helaterbecameawell knownactor A goingB histogoC hisgoingD hisgoC 用作宾语 him hisgoing皆可 但用作主语 只能用hisgoing形式 Hisgoingtodramaschoolwastooursurprise 4 Thisisoneoftheissuesthatdeserve A mentioningB beingmentionedC tomentionD formentionA deserve need require后动名词用主动形式表示被动 如用不定式则必须是被动形式 23 5 Josephwasverylucky withhislife healmostdidnotgetoutoftheroom A toescapeB tohaveescapedC toescapingD tobeescapingB 不定式的完成式 表示过去的某一动作业已完成 6 Ineverregretted theoffer foritwasnotwheremyinterestlay A nottoacceptB nothavingacceptedC havingnotacceptedD notacceptingD 24 likedoing habitualliketodo onetime future7 Idon tlike billsbutwhenIdogetthemIlike thempromptly A toget payingB getting topayC toget topayD getting payingB Note 在like love prefer前有would should时 只能跟不定式 25 8 Thestudentsexpectedthere morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams A isB beingC havebeenD tobeD 动词expect后必须接动词不定式作其宾语 advise allow forbid permit recommend等动词接动名词作宾语 接不定式作宾语补足语 Shedoesn tallowsmokinginthehouse butsheallowsmetosmokeoutside too to vs only alltoo to Iamonlytoopleasedtoacceptyourinvitation 26 名词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句从属连词 that if whether 连接代词 who whoever whom whomever which what whatever whichever whose 连接副词 where when why how 从属连词只起连接作用 而连接代词和连接副词还在从句中充当一定的成分 Whowillpresideoverthemeetingisstillunknown Youcanmarrywho m youlike Thequestioniswhowillattendthepartyonbehalfofus 27 if cannotintroduceasubject predicativeorappositiveclause orbeusedwith or not Ifshelikesthepresentisnotcleartome Whatwewanttoknowisifwecanpassthetest Pleasetellmeifornotyouagree ifornot是错误的 但if ornot是正确的用法Pleasetellmeifyouagreeornot YouhaveyettoanswermyquestionifIcancountonyourhelp doubt doubtful后的宾语从句 主句肯定 用whether if 否定用thatThereisnodoubtthatyouhavemadetherightchoice Idoubtwhetheryouhavemadetherightchoice 28 状语从句条件状语从句 onconditionthat providedthat incase givenProvidedthatthereisnoobjection wewillhaveatestnow Incasehecomes letmeknow ShouldIbefreetomorrow Iwillcome 倒装 无连词Given that Iamprovidedwithanotherchance Iwilldoitagain Iwillcomeonconditionthatmywifeisnotinvited Intheeventthatwewin therewillbeacelebration Iwillcomeifneedbe Ifthisbetrue Iamsorryforit 真实条件 正式语体 29 让步状语从句 although while when even if forall whereas whether or regardlessofwhetherWhiletheyaremyneighbors Idon tknowthemwell Hewalkswhenhemighttakeataxi Ifsheispoor atleastsheishonest if表示让步Forallherachievements sheremainsmodest HethoughtIwaslying whereasIwastellingthetruth Whethershebeyoungorold shewillhavemyeternallove Studentas though可倒装也可不 heis heknowsmoreaboutthesubjectthanhisteacher student 前不要加冠词 30 时间状语从句hardly scarcely when before nosooner thanHardly scarcelyhadIleftwhen beforethetroublestarted Nosoonerhadsheagreedtomarryhimthanshebegantohaveseriousdoubts themoment theinstant theminute thesecond directly immediately用作连词表示 assoonasEachtimeIseeyouIwilllaugh 1 I llletyouknow I thenews A directly hearB directly heardC direct hearD directly hearingA 31 2 Noonecanwalkthewirewithoutabitoffearunless veryyoung A havingbeentrainedB trainedC tobetrainedD beingtrainedB 在英语中 如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同 且从句中有be动词 则从句中的主语和be动词可以省略 3 Whiledrivingalongthetreacherousroad A myrightreartireblewoutB myrightreartirehadablowoutC IhadablowoutonmyrightreartireD IhadmyrightreartireblowoutC 32 while when while 从句中是延续的动作或状态 be stay wait live 而不能是瞬时性的 getup arrive etc 即引导两个同时进行的持续时间较长的动作 when 通常指一时的动作 可表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生 或先于主句动作 as 通常引导两个同时发生的持续时间较短的动作 当 when 从句中的动词是持续性动词时 就可以用while 主句和从句都为延续的 一般用while while TheyarrivedwhileIwassunbathing Wemuststrikewhiletheironishot Hewrotehisgreatestnovelwhileworkingonafreighter 33 until beforeHedidn tarriveuntilIreturned 直到我回来时他才到达 Hedidn tarrivebeforeIreturned 在我回来之前他尚未到达 Itisnotuntil that Notuntil 倒装 34 原因状语从句 for 引导的从句只说明推断的理由 只能后置Thefuelmusthavebeenrunoutof fortheenginestopped inthatLiquidsarelikesolids theyhaveadefinitevolume 35 其他状语从句1 AistoBwhatCistoD Intellectistothemind sightistothebody 2 otherthanvs ratherthanInnocountry Britain ishasbeensaid canoneexperiencefoursesaonsinthecourseofasingleday A otherthanB morethanC betterthanD ratherthanA 3 Homeishome eversohomely simpleandplain A itisB itwereC beitD itbeC 倒装的be的虚拟语气 较少见 带文学色彩 36 定语从句当先行词是all 或指物的anything something nothing等不定代词时 thatIwilldoanythingthatyouwantmetodo 先行词前有first last only few much some any no等修饰时 thatThisistheonlythingthatIcandoforyou 先行词前有最高级修饰时 thatU S A isthemostpowerfulcountrythathaseverexisted 在限制性定语从句中 只有that才能充当定语从句中的表语 Sheisnotthebrilliantdancerthatsheusedtobe 37 As引导定语从句 先行词一般是整个句子 位置灵活 1 Onlywearsuchclothes reallynecessary A aswereB astheyC astheywereD asareD as在从句中作主语 2 Thebackgardenofourhousecontainsalawn verypleasanttositoninsummer A whichisB whichitisC itisD whereitisA which引出非限制性定语从句 在句中作主语 且和siton构成动宾关系 类似的句子有 Thisroomiscomfortabletolivein 38 3 After seemedanendlesswait itwasherruntostepintothedirector soffice A itB thatC whatD whichC 在由after引导的介词短语中 whatseemed tobe 起定语作用 修饰anendlesswait E g Isawwhatseemedtobeafox 4 Theexperimentrequiresmoremoneythan A havebeenputinB beingputinC hasbeenputinD tobeputinC than可以作关系代词 在该从句中作主语 39 在以therebe为谓语动词的定语从句中 如关系代词作主语 则关系代词that可省略 Shakespeareisacknowledgedtobethegreatestwriter that therehaseverbeen 5 Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything goingonintheworld A itisB asisC thereisD whatisC 6 Thereason I mwritingistotellyouabouttheexam A becauseB asC whyD forC 40 7 Thiscompanyhasnowintroducedapolicy payrisesarerelatedtoperformanceatwork A whichB whereC whetherD whatB 8 theAtlanticOceancrosstheequator thetradewindscauseaflowofwatertothewest A ThatB WhenC WhereD ThoughC 9 Thereisonepoint I dlikeyouradvice thatB whichC whereD whenC 41 倒装句首为表示地点 方向 时间的状语 here there down up out away etc Theregoesthebell Herecomestheteacher Thencametheteacher Upanddownwenttheprices 但主语为代词时不倒装 Herehecomes Awaytheywent Cf Awaywenthismoney 42 句首为表示地点的介词短语Ontheplatformstoodtheteacher Tothelistmaybeaddedthefollowingnames 部分倒装句首状语表示否定含义 seldom never hardly scarcely little bynomeans onnoaccount invainUndernocircumstanceshouldonecommitsuicide Scarcely suchamovingnovel A haveIeverreadB IhaveeverreadC IreadD readIA 43 only在句首 主句倒装 Onlyaftermarriagedidshefindthatshemadeaseriousmistake 1 Onlywhen specialpermission inpencil A areyougiven youmaywriteB youaregiven youmaywriteC areyougiven mayyouwriteD youaregiven mayyouwritenotonly butalsoNotonlydoeshesing healsocomposes 句首为so nor neither Johnisveryclever Soishe Soheis 44 3 Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth theatmosphere A asitisB soisC thesameasD andsoisB justas so 为一固定结构 意为 正如 也 结果状语从句中so在句首 2 Sobadly inthecaraccidentthathehadtostayinhospitalforafewmonths A didheinjureB injuredhimC washeinjuredD hewasinjuredC 45 表示频率的副词在句首 often once manyatime etc ManyatimedidIcomebackhomeinthedream 表示方式的部分副词LuckilywouldIearnmoremoneybytradingstocks 否定形式的宾语提前Notasingleworddidhespeak Cf ThisproblemwehaveexaminedinChapter3 well在句首WelldoIrememberthedaywhenithappened 46 than从句Ispendmorethandomyfriends WesternNebraskagenerallyreceiveslesssnowthan EasternNebraska A inB itreceivesinC doesD itdoesinC 47 一致集体名词作主语 如指整体概念用单数 否则用复数 1 Thecommittee alreadyheld firstmeetingoftheyear A have itsB has itsC has theirD usedto itsB Cf Thecommitteedisagreeonthispoint 学科名称和疾病名称用单数 Statisticsisuseful Cf Statisticsshowthattheeconomyisturninggood 48 单复数同形的名词主语 根据意思 deer fish sheep species series works crossroads headquartersVariousmeansoftransportareintroducedinthisarticle ThemeansofpayingviatheInternetistoberegulated 2 Aseriesofpanel scheduledfortheconvention A discussionisB discussionsareC discussionsisD discussionare 表示时间 距离 度量 价值的复数名词主语如表示抽象概念 被视为整体 用单数 如表示具体的多少 用复数 Tenminutesisenough Therearetenminutesbetweeneachsession B 49 with alongwith togetherwith aswellas asmuchas besides inadditionto accompaniedby ratherthan butTheteacher aswellasthestudents isexcited Theboss ratherthanhisemployees istoblame 3 Thecaptain theotherplayers tired A aswellas wasB and wasC aswellas wereD except wereA 4 Breadandbutter thefavoriteofWesterners A isB areC wereD beA Cf Theteacherandwriterhasgivenaspeech 50 5 toreturntotheeasydaysofthepast A ManyacollegeteacherwishesB ManyacollegestudentwishC ManyacollegestudentswishA manya 单数形式复数意义 and 连接的两个单数名词均有 each every manya no 修饰时用单数 Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasattendedtheclass 6 Neitherhissecularmusicnorhisreligiouscompositions tothepublic A appealB appealingC toappealD appealsA 51 None作主语 代表U N 用单数 代表C N 用单复数皆可 Oneandahalf 用单复数皆可 Oneandahalfyearshas havepassed 但Ayearandahalfhaspassed Halfof接复数名词用复数 接单数名词用单数 Morethanone 用单数Morethanonepersonhasbeeninvolved 但Morepersonsthanonehavebeeninvolved 用复数动词不定式 动名词 从句作主语 动词一般用单数 52 情态动词情态动词 动词完成式的结构 对过去的行为或动作的猜测或评论 53 1 Tom sscoreonthetestisthehighestintheclass he hardlastweek A shouldstudyB mighthavestudiedC musthavestudiedD muststudyC must have ed 对过去的肯定推测 must 动词原形 对现在的肯定推测 2 IamsureSusanwasquiteallright She asillasallthat A mustn thavebeenB mightnothavebeenC shouldn thavebeenD can thavebeenD can couldnot have ed否定或疑问句 对发生的事否定或怀疑 54 3 Shemustbeinthedormitorynow No she bethere Isawherintheclassroomaminuteago A mustn tB can tC maynotD wouldhavenotB 4 Thewindshieldiswet It rainedwhilewewereinthecaf A mighthaveB musthaveC shouldhaveD canhaveB Itmusthaverainedwhilewewereinthecaf forthewindshieldiswet 不能用because 55 5 You verycarefulwiththeexperiment Ididtellyounottospillanyoftheliquid A oughttobeB musthavebeenC shouldhavebeenD canhave must haveto oughtto shouldmust speaker sauthority Pianisttoapupil Youmustpracticeatleastanhouraday haveto externalauthority Thepupiltoafriend Ihavetopracticeatleastanhouraday should oughtto goodsenseAfriendtothepupil Youshould oughttopracticeatleastanhouraday C 56 将来时 1 She yourproposalnexttimeyou ittoher A isgoingtoconsider presentB willconsider aretopresentC willconsider willpresentD willconsider presentD will thespeaker sopinions assumptions speculations beliefsaboutthefutureevent2 Itlookslikerain I anumbrellawithme A amgoingtotakeB willtakeC amtotakeD takeB begoingto havingmadedecisions 57 3 AtFord ouryoungdesignersmakesurethatourcustomers whattheywant A willgetB getC aregoingtogetD aretogetB makesure后接的从句用一般现在时表示将来Cf ensure willget Thetelephoneisringing Iwillanswerit 不能用Iamgoingtoanswerit 58 TagQuestion1 I mtoblame A aren tIB amIC amnotID don tIA 习惯用法 amnotI太正式 对话中一般不用 2 Idon tsupposehe sabletohandlethecase A isn theB doIC isheD don tIC Cf Youdon tthinkhe sabletohandlethecase doyou 59 3 Thereusedtobeaparkhere didn t usedn tthere4 Iwish mayI 5 anything everything nothing something it6 anyone everyone noone somebody nobody they 60 7 Openawindow wouldyou willyou won tyou couldyou canyou can tyou 当主句为祈使句时 后面的 附加疑问句 只是表示 请 的意思 并不是真正的附加疑问句 在祈使句为否定时 通常用willyou Postthisletterforme canyou Don tforget willyou Youhavehadanaccident haveyou 罕见的陈述句是肯定 附加疑问句也是肯定 表示 说话人通过推断或回忆对已经说过的情况得出了结论 Sohelikeshisjob doeshe 61 62 常用语法术语Absoluteconstruction独立主格Adjunct修饰性状语Adverbial状语Adverbialclauseof 状语从句Antecedent先行词Anticipatory it 先行 it Antonym反义词Appositive同位语Attribute定语Attributiveclause定语从句Auxiliary助动词 63 Bareinfinitive不带to的不定式Cleftsentence分裂句 强调句Command imperativesentence祈使句Complementation补足成分Conjunct连接性状语Coordinator并列连词Correlativecoordinator关联并列连词DirectobjectDitransitiveverb双宾语及物动词Doublegenitive双重属格Finiteclause限定分句 64 FiniteverbFronting前置Gerund动名词Inversion倒装Nominalclause名词性从句Non restrictiverelativeclause非限制性关系从句Objectcomplement宾语补足语Pastperfectiveprogressive过去完成进行体Possessivecase所有格Postmodifier后置修饰语Predicate谓语Predicative表语 65 Relativedeterminer关系限定词Subjectcomplement主语补语SubjunctivemoodWordclass词类 句子成分题Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisusedasanobject A Whatdoyouthinkhashappenedtoher B Whodoyouthinkthevisitingprofessoris C Howmuchdoyouthinkheearnseverymonth D Howquicklywouldyousayhewouldcome C 66 2 Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisasubjectclause A Wearequitecertainthathewillgetthereintime B Hehastofacethefactthattherewillbenopayrisethisyear C Shesaidthatshehadseenthemanearlierthatday D Itissheerluckthattheminersarestillaliveaftertendays 3 Whichofthefollowingitalicizedphrasesindicatesasubject predicaterelation A Mr Smith spassporthasbeenissued B Thevisitor sarrivalwasreportedinthenews C John straveldetailshavenotbeenfinalized D Thebookstoresellschildren sstories D B 67 4 Whichofthefollowingitalicizedphrasesindicatecause A Whydon tyoudoitforthesakeofyourfriends B IwishIcouldwriteaswellasyou C Forallhisefforts hedidnotgetanA D Hereyeswereredfromexcessivereading D 5 In Hewouldoftendiscussthingswithme askingmyopinionsanddisagreeingwhenhesawmattersdifferently Askingmyopinonis A directobjectB objectcomplementC adverbialD indirectobjectC 68 6 Whichofthefollowingsentenceshasanobjectcomplement A ThedirectorsappointedJohnmanager B IgaveMaryachristmaspresent C YouhavedonePeterafavor D SheisteachingchildrenEnglish A 69 解题指导运用上下文的逻辑关系进行推理 因果 让步 先后I dratherreadthanwatchTV theprogramsseem allthetime A togetworseB tobegettingworseC tohavegotworseD gettingworse allthetime 可以推断是一个渐变过程所以选B theirpolicycanbechanged thefutureforthatcountrywillbeindeedbleak 暗淡的 A EvenifB UnlessC NowthatD AslongasB 70 掌握固定的句型结构 shedoesnotloveTom A AlthoughmuchshelikeshimB MuchalthoughshelikeshimC AsshelikeshimmuchD MuchasshelikeshimD as引导的让步状语从句中 要求从句中的形容词 副词在句首 Mybossaskedmetoanswerthephone totakeallmessages and someletters A typingB typeC typedD totypeD parallelstructure 71 运用相关的语法知识Theconference afullweekbythetimeitends A musthavel