宾语从句用法小结

宾语从句用法小结宾语从句用法小结 宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的语法之一 中考经常会出现相关的题目 掌握宾语从句应 注意引导词 连词 引导词 连词 语序以及时态 语序以及时态三方面要素 下面的表格可以帮助大家理解这一部分内容 宾语从句句 式 连词语序 陈述句 that 不变 一般疑问句 If whether 改为陈述语序 特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序 宾语从句的时态问题 主句一般现在时态 一般过去时态 从句保留原来时态 改为过去的某个时态 客观事实和自然现象除外 所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化 一般现在时态一般过去时态 现在进行时态过去进行时态 was were doing 现在完成时态过去完成时态 had 过去分词 一般将来时态过去将来时态 would do was were going to do 接下来我们一起来具体了解宾语从句的用法以及应注意点 你认为重要的或者容易出错的 地方最好用红笔划出来 一 宾语从句的引导词 1 当由陈述句来充当宾语从句时 用 that 引导 that 无词义常省略 eg I think that he is right I know that she is a Canadian athlete I m sure that he will get the job I m glad that you are trying to help others He tells me that he will work hard this term 特别注意 宾语从句否定意义的转移 特别注意 宾语从句否定意义的转移 若主句的谓语动词是 think believe suppose guess 等词 而且主句的主语是第一人称时 候 如果从句谓语是否定的 一般要将否定词 not 转移至主句谓语上去 而将从句谓语改 为肯定形式 如 I don t think he has time to come to the party 2 当由特殊疑问句做宾语从句时 引导词由原来的特殊疑问词来充当 有意义不能省略 有意义不能省略 从句的语序要用陈述语序 句末的标点符号由主句决定 从句的语序要用陈述语序 句末的标点符号由主句决定 常出现的特殊疑问词 when why how where who whom whose which what 等 eg 1 He asks How can they get to school He asks how they can get to school 2 Do you know When did he buy this pen Do you know when he bought this pen 3 Can you tell me What is your name Can you tell me what your name is 3 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时 用 if 或 whether 引导 意为 是否 是不是 能否 等 eg 1 He asks me if whether he can come 2 I m not sure if whether she will help me 3 Do you know if whether the train will arrive on time 特别注意 特别注意 1 直接与 or not 连用时 往往用 whether 不用 if eg Let me know whether or not he will come 让我知道他是否能来 2 介词之后用whether 不用 if eg They are talking about whether he will win the game I m worried about whether they will arrive on time 3 不定式前用 whether 不用 if 二 宾语从句要用陈述句语序 宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序 所谓陈述句语序就是指宾语从句中主语一定要放在谓语动词之前 1 主句 that 从句 主语 谓语 2 主句 if whether 从句 主语 谓语 3 主句 特殊疑问词 陈述句语序 主语 谓语 eg Do you know why winter is colder than summer Can you tell me what your name is 特别注意 What s the matter 作为宾语从句时有两种前况 当它的解释是 怎么了 时 语序不要变化 当它的解释是 这是什么物质 时 要变为陈述句语序 如 The teacher asked the students what the matter was The teacher asked the students what was the matter 三 宾语从句的时态 要遵循时态的一致性原则 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态 常常受主句谓语时态的制约 这种现象称为 时态的呼应 1 主句是一般现在时 宾语从句时态不受主句谓语动词的影响 根据实际情况而定 eg I know that she will leave China tomorrow Do you know why I could pass the exam last term 2 主句是一般过去时 宾语从句时态要用与过 去相关的时态 比如 一般过去时 过去完 成时 过去将来时等等 eg Mr King didn t know when his son came home yesterday evening He wanted to know when the meeting would start She didn t tell us where she lived 3 主句是一般过去时 但如果宾语从句 表示的是客观真理或自然现象 其谓语时态则 仍然一般现在时 eg The teacher told us light travels much faster than sound He said that the sun rises in the east She said that her father is twenty eight years older than her 特别注意 特别注意 若是主句出现 Could you tell me Would you please tell me 这样的句型 并 不表示过去时只是表示比较婉转的语气 其后的宾语从句时态根据实际情况而定 不要混 淆哦 做题目要特别注意 eg Could you tell me whether you will call me this evening 四 宾语从句和状语从句的分辩 在某些情况下 同学们容易混淆宾语从句和状语从句 如 if 引导的宾语从句和条件状语从 句 可以用以下方法来处理 当 if 解释为 是否 时 其引导的是宾语从句 遵循宾语从句的时态规则 He doesn t know if the famous singer will come tomorrow 当 if 解释为 如果 时 其引导的是条件状语从句 遵循的是 主将从一 的时态规则 He will come if he has time tomorrow 五 例题讲解 1 He asked A that she was free the next week B if she has done her work C what did she do D what her name was 根据语序可以排除 C 根据时态可以排除 B 根据 asked 可以判断后面是疑问句 不可能用 that 这个连词 因此选择 D 2 Didn t your teacher say A how long you would be away B the moon traveled round the earth C that Peter is very clever D that light travels faster than sound 根据 say 排除 A 因为它后面只能跟陈述句 根据主句时态排除 C 而 B D 都属于客观事实 应该用一般 现在时态 所以只能选 D 六 实践操练 1 In the bookshop a reader asked the shop keeper Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book A that B how C what D if 2 I don t know Mr Green will come to see us He will help us with our English A why B when C how D where 3 We never know the old man is They say he is a teacher A what B who C which D where 4 Do you know I m going to see him Sorry I don t know A where does Mr Li live B where did Mr Li live C where Mr Li lives D where Mr Li lived 5 I don t feel very well Mum asked me this morning A what the matter is B what is wrong C what was the matter D what wrong was 6 Do you know A What time will the plane take off B What time would the plane take off C What time the plane will take off D the plane will take off at what time 7 The manager came up to see A what was the matter B what the matter was C what the matter is D what s the matter 8 The teacher didn t begin her class the students stopped talking A until B because C after D when 9 If it tomorrow we ll go to the Great wall A doesn t rain B won t rain C not rains D isn t rain 10 Could you tell me we get to the plane A how B whether C where D what 11 The teacher says she will leave a message on the headmaster s desk A if B who C that D what 12 You must make your new house clean and safe you move in A because B when C before D until 13 I was tired I couldn t walk on A so that B too to C very that D very to 14 I thought he to see his mother if he time A will go has B will go will have C would go would have D would go had 参考答案 D A ACC C A A A A CC A D 1 Wang Hai told me he didn t go cycling yesterday afternoon how why 2 Can you tell me else is going to be on duty who whom 3 She said it wouldn t matter much that if 4 He always thinks he can do better how who 5 I hope he come back in a week 6 Do it cost much money to fly to Beijing Could you tell me 合并为一个复合句 Could you tell me it much money to fly to Beijing 7 I am good at swimming Jack said 8 Are they from Germany Tom asked 9 Did that girl break the window Please tell me 10 How many girls are there in the room Our teacher asked 11 Have your parents ever been to London He didn t know 12 There are 12 months in a year Mum told me 参考答案 1 why 2 who 3 that 4 how 5 will come 6 if costs 7 Jack said that he was good at swimming 8 Tom asked if they were from Germany 9 Please tell me if that girl broke the window 10 Our teacher asked how many girls there were in the room 11 He didn t know if your parents had ever been to London 12 Mum told me that there are 12 months in a year 习题 一 习题 一 1 The girls asked if they some food and drink with them A took B take C takes D will take 2 Catherine said that she to Guangzhou A has never gone B had never gone C has never been D had never been 3 The students want to know whether they a dictation today A had B has C will have D are 4 She asked Linda if go and get some A could she B she could C she can D she may 5 Linda said the moon round the earth A travelled B has travelled C travells D had travelled 答案 答案 1 5 A D C B C 习题 二 习题 二 1 Can you tell me you were born Betty A who B what C when D that 2 I don t know they have passed the exam A what B if C when D where 3 I hardly understand he has told me A that B what C which D who 4 She didn t know back soon A whether he would be B if would he be C he will be 5 I don t know he still lives here after so many years A whether B where C what D when 6 He asked me told me the accident A whom B which C who D whose 习题 三 习题 三 1 They don t know their parents are A that B what C why D which 2 Please tell me last year A where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked 3 She asked me if I knew A whose pen is it B whose pen it was C whose pen it is D whose pen was it 4 You must remember A what your mother said B what did your mother say C your mother said what D what has your mother said 5 Did you know A who he was looking after B who was he looking for C who he is looking for D who he is looking after 6 Could you tell me A when will they leave Beijing B when would they leave Beijing C when they will leave Beijing D when did they leave Beijing 答案 答案 1 6 B D B A A C 习题 四 习题 四 1 In the bookshop a reader asked the shop keeper Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book 北京市东城区 A that B how C what D if 2 I don t know Mr Green will come to see us He will help us with our English 杭州市 A why B when C how D where 3 We never know the old m an is They say he is a teacher 鄂州市 A what B who C which D where 4 I was told Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers 重庆市 A that how B how that C when that D that when 5 Do you know I m going to see him Sorry I don t know 北京市海淀区 A where does Mr Li live B where did Mr Li live C where Mr Li lives D where Mr Li lived 6 W here do you think he the computer Sorry I have no idea 南京市 A bought B has bought C did buy D does buy 7 I don t feel very well Mum asked me this morning 重庆市 A what the matter is B what is wrong C what the matter was D what wrong was 8 Where is Jack He is away to spend his holiday He s gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan but I m not sure 南昌市 A that B which C where D there 答案 答案 1 4 D A A D 5 8 C A C C 宾语从句专项训练宾语从句专项训练 I 从下列 A B C D 中选择一个正确选项填空 1 I don t know he will come tomorrow he comes I ll tell you A if Whether B whether Whether C if That D if If 2 I don t know the day after tomorrow A when does he come B how will he come C if he comes D whether he ll come 3 Could you tell me the nearest hospital is A what B how C whether D where 4 Could you tell me the radio without any help A how did he mend B what did he mend C how he mended D what he mended 5 I want to know A whom is she looking after B whom she is looking C whom is she looking D whom she is looking after 6 Do you know where now A he lives B does he live C he lived D did he live 7 Do you know what time A the train leave B does the train leave C will the train leave D the train leaves 8 I don t know Can you tell me please A how the two players are old B how old are the two players C the two players are how old D how old the two players are 9 The small children don t know A what is their stockings in B what is in their stockings C where is their stockings in D what in their stockings 10 I can t understand A what does Christmas mean B what Christmas does mean C what mean Christmas does D what Christmas means II 按要求转换句型 1 Does Mr Brown enjoy living in China Could you tell us 改写句子 Could you tell us Mr Brown living in China 2 Does the girl need any help he asked me 变为复合句 He asked me the girl some help 3 Jim is not a student Tom is not a student either 合并为一个句子 Jim Tom is a student 4 When does the train leave I want to know 改为含宾语从句的复合句 I want to know the train 5 They went home after they had finished their homework 用 not until 改写 They go home they had finished their homework 6 Did Peter come here yesterday Li Lei wants to know 改为含宾语从句的复合句 Li Lei wants to know Peter here yesterday 宾语从句专项训练参考答案 I 1 5DDDCD 6 10ADDBD II 1 if whether enjoys 2 if whether needed 3 Neither nor 4 w