五种简单基本句型和成分分析

五种简单基本句型及成分分析 英语的基本成分有五种 主语 subject 谓语 predicate 表语 predicative 宾语 object 和补语 complement 定语 attribute 状语 adverbial 是附属成分 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大 组合 省略或倒装 掌握这五种基本句型 是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础 nounadj adv infinitiveV ingV edetc 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 Vt 系动词 Vi Noun PronounThe adjV ing ClauseInfinitive Noun Pronoun The adjV ing Clause Infinitive 英语句子基本成分示意图 be seem appear stand become get grow turn go come remain keep taste feel sound smell looketc nounpronounadj adv infinitiveV ing V edclauseetc 主语 不及物动词Shecame Myheadaches 主语 及物动词 宾语ShelikesEnglish Iloveyou 主语 系动词 表语Sheishappy Itsoundsgood 主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook Sheboughtabookforme 主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage 简单句基本句型实例 简单句 简单句只有一个限定动词 即只有一个主谓结构 它是最小的句子单位 主要起下列四种作用中的一种 作一种陈述 陈述句 提出一个问题 疑问句 发出一种命令或请求 祈使句 表示一种感叹 感叹句 Examples Theboyhitthedog Thedogdidn tbitetheboy Doestheshopcloseat7tonight Whatdidyousay AreyoufromAmericaorCanada Lookinggoodisveryimportanttowoman isn tit Shutthedoor Don tbelate Whataslowtrainthisis Howbeautifulthekiteis 附属成分 基本成分的修饰语 可以是 定语 即用来修饰名词和代词的单词 短语或从句状语 即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词 短语或从句 定语PoorJohntottered蹒跚towardahospitalnearby ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA JohngaveMarymanybooks whicharefullofillustrations Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother Peopletherelikesports Poor nearby importedfromtheUSA many onthedesk playingoverthere there whicharefullofillustrations Johnoftencametochatwithme Johnlikesorangesverymuch Hearingthenews hejumpedwithjoy Sheissittingatthedesk doingherhomework Myfatherworkedinthisschooltenyearsago You dbetterstayhere 状语 often tochatwithme verymuch Hearingthenews withjoy inthisschooltenyearsago atthedesk doingherhomework here 简单句的扩展 简单句的主语 宾语可以加上一个短语 如定语 来扩展 及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语 如状语 连用进行扩展 ThedogjumpedAboyputmilkThegirlseemstobeveryhappy throughthewindow brightlittle withrosycheeks threebottlesof quietlyonmydoorstepbeforeseveno clock young withlongblackhair 基本句型的扩展 e g Wefoundthehallfull 我们发现礼堂坐满了 WefoundthehallfullWefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师 在听一个重要报告 Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师 在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告 madebyacomradefromthePeople sDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope great ofstudentsandteachers listeningtoanimportantreport 两个简单句的主语可以连词and but both and either or neither nor notonly butalso等连词连接组成一个简单句 但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性 ThebossisflyingtoParis HissecretaryisflyingtoParis ThebossisflyingtoRome HissecretaryisnotflyingtoRome ThebossmaybeflyingtoBerlin HissecretarymaybeflyingtoBerlin ThebossisnotflyingtoYork Hissecretaryisn tflyingtoYork 主语 谓语 宾语的合并 ThebossandhissecretaryareflyingtoParis BoththebossandhissecretaryareflyingtoParis ThebossbutnothissecretaryisflyingtoRome EitherthebossorhissecretaryisflyingtoBerlin NeitherthebossnorhissecretaryisflyingtoYork 两个简单句的宾语可由and both and等连词连接组成一个简单句 ImetJane Imetherhusband Itwascold Itwaswet Ididn tmeetJane Ididn tmeetherhusband两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句 Wesangallnight Wedancedallnight 主语 谓语 宾语的合并 ImetJaneandherhusband ImetbothJaneandherhusband Itwascoldandwet Ididn tmeeteitherJaneorherhusband ImetneitherJanenorherhusband Wesanganddancedallnight 句子成分练习题 一 一 指出下列句中主语 Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom Thereisanoldmancominghere Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear Theteacher anoldman Theusefuldictionary 二 选出句中谓语的中心词 Idon tlikethepictureonthewall A don tB likeC pictureD wall Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes A getB longerC daysD summer Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus A DoB usuallyC goD bus Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon A willbeB meetingC thelibrary 三 挑出下列句中的宾语 1 Mybrotherhasn tdonehishomework 2 PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish 3 Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation 4 Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass 5 Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft 四 挑出下列句中的表语 5分 5分钟 Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired WhyisheworriedaboutJim Theleaveshaveturnedyellow SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit 五 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 1Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool 2Shefounditdifficulttodothework 3TheycallmeLilysometimes 4IsawMrWanggetonthebus 5DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow totaketheboyoutofschool difficult getonthebus playingfootball Lily 六 挑出下列句中的状语 8分 8分钟 Therewasabigsmileonherface Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven onherface Everynight upstairs whenhewas eleven 七 找出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Pleasetellusastory Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm Hereisapen GiveittoTom Didheleaveanymessageforme us是间接宾语 astory是直接宾语 me是间接宾语 abike是直接宾语 us是间接宾语 history是直接宾语 it是直接宾语 Tom是间接宾语 me是间接宾语 massage是直接宾语 判断下列各句属于简单句的哪种 1 Plantsneedwater 2 Theflowerissofresh 3 Theyworkhard 4 Hegivesmesomeseeds 5 Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade 6 Manyanimalsliveintrees S V InO DO 主 谓 间宾 直宾 S V O 主 谓 宾 S V P 主 系 表 S V 主 谓 S V O OC 主 谓 宾 宾补 S V 主 谓 7 Shakespearewasnotonlyafamou