英语划分句子成分练习题及答案

英语划分句子成分英语划分句子成分 1 句子成分的定义 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分 句子成分有主要成分和次要成 分 主要成分有主语和谓语 次要成分有表语 宾语 定语 状语 补足语和同位语 二 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体 一般位于句首 但在 there be 结构 疑问句 当主语不疑问词时 和倒装句中 主语位于谓语 助动词或情态动词后面 主语可由名 词 代词 数词 不定式 动名词 名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示 例如 During the 1990s American country music has become more and more popular We often speak English in class One third of the students in this class are girls To swim in the river is a great pleasure Smoking does harm to the health The rich should help the poor When we are going to have an English test has not been decided It is necessary to master a foreign language 三 谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态 动词在句中作谓语 一般放 在主语之后 谓语的构成如下 1 简单谓语 由一个动词或动词短语构成 如 He practices running every morning 2 复合谓语 1 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成 如 You may keep the book for two weeks He has caught a bad cold 2 由系动词加表语构成 如 We are students 4 表语 表语用以说明主语的身份 特征和状态 它一般位于系动词之后 系动词 以肯定的语气叙述主语状态时 要用系动词 be 表示说话人所感知的主语的特征或状态时 系动词用 look feel sound taste smell 表示主语状态变化时 系动词用 become get grow come turn 若跟名词不加冠词 fall asleep ill silent 等 后面大多数接形容词作表语 但 become turn 亦可接名词作表语等 表示主语的持续时 系动词用 remain stay keep continue 从印象的角度说明主语所处的状态和特征时 系动词用 appear to be 常用于书面 seem to be 1 其后要求接形容词 而不是副词作表语 要特别注意的是有些动词既可以作系动词 又可作实意动词的用法 遇到这种情况时 只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后 者 然后再对后面的词性和词义作出判断和选择 2 这类词不用进行时 3 系动词无被动式 表语一般由名词 代词 形容词 分词 数词 不定式 动名词 介词短语 副词及表语 从句表示 例如 Our teacher of English is an American Is it yours The weather has turned cold The speech is exciting Three times seven is twenty one His job is to teach English His hobby 爱好 is playing football The machine must be out of order Time is up The class is over The truth is that he has never been abroad 五 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者 一般位于及物动词和介词后面 例如 They went to see an exhibition 展览 yesterday The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time How many dictionaries do you have I have five They helped the old with their housework yesterday He pretended not to see me I enjoy listening to popular music 动名词短语 I think that he is fit for his office 宾语种类 1 双宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语 要求双宾语 直接宾语和间接宾语 的动词 直接宾语 提前 动词后加 to 或 for 现归纳如下 后面加 to 的动词 give 给 tell 告诉 bring 带来 send 寄 送 hand 交给 read 读 pass 递给 return 把 还给 lend 借给 throw 扔 给 leave 留给 promise 许诺 答应 refuse 拒绝 后面加 for 的动词 get 得到 make 制造 做 buy 买 do 做 play 演奏 order 命令 sing 唱歌 pay 为 而付钱 2 复合宾语 宾语 宾补 例如 They elected him their monitor 6 宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词 除有一个直接宾语以外 还要有一个宾补 用来 补足宾语意义 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为 某些及物动词 宾语 宾补 宾语 名词 常用于改结构的动词有 call name make find choose think leave 宾语 形容词 常见的动词有 think believe leave drive make keep turn wish want 宾语 副词 宾语 介词短语 宾语 不定式 充当宾补的不定式有三种 A 要求带 to 的不定式 B 要求不带 to 的不定式 let make have see watch look at hear listen to feel 等 用不定 式作宾补时 要省去 to 但用于被动语态时 还要加上 to 等 C 单词 help 后可加 to 或不加 to 宾语 现在分词 see watch look at hear listen to feel 宾语 过去分词 形式宾语 形容词 宾语 what 从句 主补 对主语的补充 例如 His father named him Dongming They painted their boat white Let the fresh air in You mustn t force him to lend his money to you We saw her entering the room We found everything in the lab in good order We will soon make our city what your city is now 七 定语 修饰名词或代词的词 短语或从句称为定语 定语可由以下等成分表示 Guilin is a beautiful city China is a developing country America is a developed country There are thirty women teachers is our school His rapid progress in English made us surprised Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom The teaching plan for next term has been worked out He is reading an article about how to learn English 八 状语 修饰动词 形容词 副词或整个句子 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分 叫 做状语 可由以下形式表示 Light travels most quickly He has lived