冷却方式比较

各种冷却方式的比较1系统System直接空冷系统Direct air cooling system 表面式凝汽器间接空冷系统The surface type condenser indirect air cooling system混合式凝汽器间接空冷系统The mixed type condenser indirect air cooling system2全球装机总容量(MW) total capacity of the world 9 165 (42 %)5 335 (25 %)7 150 (33 %)3全球单机最大容量(MW)The biggest capacity of the world6656863004冷端换热方式The heat exchange way at cold terminal 一次,表面式One time , surface type两次表面式,一次凝汽器,一次空冷塔。Two times ,surfaces type, First is condenser, Second is air cooling tower.两次,一次混合式凝汽器,一次空冷塔表面式。Two times , First is mixed condenser, Second is air cooling tower.5凝汽设备Condenser equipment空冷凝汽器Air cooling condenser水冷表面式凝汽器Water cooling surfice condenser水冷混合式凝汽器Water cooling mixed condenser6冷却设备Cooling equipment 即凝汽设备,多为机械通风The condensate equipment, mostly for mechanical ventilation自然通风空冷塔Natural Ventilation Cooling Tower自然通风空冷塔Natural Ventilation Cooling Tower7输送设备Transport equipment抽气器Air ejector循环水泵、需消耗厂用电。Circulation pumps, auxiliary power consumption required.循环水泵、需消耗厂用电。Circulation pumps, auxiliary power consumption required.8通风设备ventilate equipments鼓风式轴流冷却风机, 需消耗厂用电。高大自然通风塔,属双曲线型,受载较利。高大自然通风塔,属肥胖型,受载不利。9凝结水处理设备Condensate treatment equipments设阳床、阴床、串联的精处理、 除铁等设备。200MW以下只设除铁设备,300MW设精处理设备。设混床精处理设备10管道系统Piping system特大直径地上焊接钢管, 配备热力补偿器。大直径地下焊接钢管大直径地下焊接钢管11主管内工作介质Working media in main pipes饱和蒸汽高纯度除盐水高纯度除盐水12工艺系统的真空容积The vacuum volume of process system 大约为间接系统的80倍较小小13系统内的排气放水方式The drainage way of the exhaust system 系统内空气、不凝气体均由抽气器抽出,排至大气系统内无放水系统内空气由水压以微正压排至大气系统,放水入地下贮水箱。系统内空气由水压以微正压排至大气系统,放水入地下贮水箱。14出口介质温度控制与防冻Medium temperature control in outlet and antifreeze改变风机投运的台数、转速、分区段设置K- D 型结构。百叶窗、旁路、分区段放水排空。百叶窗、旁路、分区段放水排空15变工况运行Operation at Variable conditions调节风机台数与用变频器调节转速调可调角循环水泵的调角工况固定,特殊时单泵运行16全厂热效率(比常规湿冷电厂)Whole plant thermal efficiency (compared with conventional water-cooled power plant)约降低8%约降低8%17发电标准煤耗(比常规湿冷电厂)Generation standard coal consumption(compared with conventional water-cooled power plant)显示对应的拉丁字符的拼音字典增加8%增加8%18空冷系统基建投资(占总投资)Air cooling system infrastructure investment(the ratio with total investment)100 %(占10. 5 %)140 %(占13. 07 %)19空冷系统消耗厂用电(比常规湿冷电厂)Auxiliary power consumption of air-cooling system(compared with conventional water-cooled power plant)相仿减少约35 %20全厂节水量(比常规湿冷电厂)Water conservation of the whole plant (compared with conventional water-cooled power plant)减少70 %以上减少70 %以上减少70 %以上21优点Excellence(1) 基建投资少;(2) 占地面积少;(3) 防冻手段多,灵活可靠。(4) 换热的对数平均温差比间冷高出1. 35 倍(1) 冷却系统消耗动力低,厂用电少;(2) 循环冷水量可调节;(3) 空冷散热器塔内布置,基本上不受大风影响带负荷能力(1) 发电煤耗低;(2) 冷却系统消耗动力稍低,厂用电稍少;(3) 基建投资中等, 占地中等;(4) 仅适合于中,小容量火电机组;22缺点Shortcomings(1) 风机群噪声影响环境;(2) 风机消耗动力,维修工作量大;(3) 热风抽吸至进风口,影响冷却效果性能;(4) 系统的负压区域大, 制造、施工必须精心,维持高度严密性;(5) 必须配备专门空冷机组(1) 基建投资多;(2) 占地大;(3) 发电煤耗较高(1) 国行尚无600MW 级机组的运行实例;(2) 铝制空冷散热器耐冲洗,耐抗冻性能差;(3) 空冷散热器塔外布置,易受大风影响带负荷能力;(4) 设备多,复杂,且有薄弱环节;(5) 不适合在尚寒地区建设6