先锋英语2背诵段落及翻译

Part I 听力一遍、一遍、三遍Part II 阅读Part III词汇与语法第一章Adventurous有冒险精神的；sociable友好的；eloquence口才；pedestrian行人；premium保险费；sensitivity体贴；extrovert外向者；introvert内向的；anticipation预见；approach接近；extraordinary特别的；humanity人性；overshadow使黯然失色；underrate低估；charisma号召力；competent足以胜任的；vision想象力A touch of 少量；in ones company与一同；be likely to 有可能做某事第三章Broadband宽带；graphic图样的；query怀疑；budget预算；candidate候选人；charity慈善机构；coordinate使协调；prospect可能性；commute上下班往返；cost-effective划算的；hypothetical假设的keep sth. up to date使更新；miss out失去；throw sb. off guard使未戒备；Pension Scheme养老金计划第六章Bouns红利；comment表达意见；magnificent宏伟的；toxin毒素；innovative创新的；launch首次上市；antique古老的Cut back减少第七章Curve呈曲线形；ergonomics生物工艺学；consumerism消费主义；manufacturer生厂商；retention记性；destruction毁灭；illustrate显示存在；consultant顾问；duplicator复印机；revolutionise彻底改变；prototype原型Domestic appliances家用电器；solar car太阳能汽车；be bound to do sth.一定会第九章Aerospace航空航天工业；appliance电器；manufacture批量生产；microchip芯片；pacemaker心脏起搏器；skyscraper摩天大楼；asteroid小行星；brute粗鲁的；collide相撞；comet彗星；deflect偏斜；devastation毁灭；dinosaur恐龙；estimate估计；feasible可行的；meteor流行；meteorite陨石；orbit运行；peninsula半岛；predict预言；simulation仿真；smash猛烈撞击；scare使恐惧；stack使一堆；accommodation住处；appeal有吸引力Sign up报名；civil engineering土木工程第十章Imitate模仿；outbreak突然爆发；epidemic流行病；dramatic巨大的；maven专家；negotiation谈判；provoke引起；exclusive豪华的；pastry；crisp洁净的；wig假发；kimono和服；revive复活；accessory配饰；expectancy期待；infant幼儿；mortality死亡率；consequence后果；leisure休闲；segment片段；soar猛增Catch on流行起来；die out灭绝；take over控制；top out at sth.达到顶点Part IV段落翻译第一章P10-Para1-2Most people will recognise the man in this photograph. Heis, of course, Bill Clinton, ex-President of the United States. Bill Clinton is a very popular speech giver and regularly gives talks all over the world, to many different audiences. He is so effective at giving talks because he has a special quality which we call charisma.大多数人都会认识这张照片里的人。他，当然是比尔克林顿，美国前总统。比尔克林顿是一个非常受欢迎的演讲者，他会经常到世界不同地方对着不同的观众进行演讲。因为他有一个特殊的我们称之为“人格魅力”的品质，使得他的演讲如此有效。Nowadays, psychologists arebecoming very interested in charisma and want to redefine its meaning. People often misunderstand what charisma is and think of it as a kind of fame, but it is not the same as fame. Charisma is a kind of magic and is relatively rare. A well-known American psychologist thinks that charismatic people are basically brilliant communicators. However, they have other qualities such as sensitivity, self-confidence, eloquence and vision.如今，心理学家对人格魅力很感兴趣，想重新定义它的内涵。人们往往会对魅力是什么产生误解，把它看作是一种名气，但它跟名气有不一样。人格魅力是一种神奇的、比较少见的品质。一位著名的美国心理学家认为，有魅力的人基本上都是杰出的传播者。但是，他们有其他的品质，如灵敏度，自信，口才和远见。第一章P14-Para1-2Some people believe that women are better drivers than men. However, others think that women make worse drivers. The idea that women make worse drivers is a stereotype. It comes from a time when women drove less than men, and driving was seen as a mans responsibility. There are certainly different views on this controversial question, although there are a number of reasons why a womans personality makes her a more competent driver.有些人认为，女性做司机比男性更好。然而，其他人认为女性做司机更糟。这使女性做司机更糟糕的想法是一个刻板印象。这种想法来自于女性比男性少开车，而且驾驶被看作是一个男人的责任的时候。当然，还有对这个有争议的问题的不同看法，虽然有多种原因来说明为什们一个女人的性格使得她更能胜任司机这个职业。Firstly, women are more patient and polite towards other road users, such as pedestrians and cyclists. In stressful situations they are more likely to stay calm, and less likely to be involved in road rage incidents. Secondly, female drivers are more cautious and therefore take fewer risks, for instance when overtaking. Thirdly, they are more responsible so they tend not to drive when tired or after drinking alcohol.首先，女性对其他道路使用者更有耐心和礼貌，如行人和骑自行车的人。在紧张的情况下，她们更容易保持冷静，并不太可能参与“路霸”的事件。其次，女性驾驶者更加谨慎，因此开车时的风险更小，比如超车。第三，他们更负责任所以他们往往在疲劳时或饮酒后不开车。第三章P28-Para2-3This rapidly-growing trend towards working from home is the same in many countries. But what are the reasons for it? The main reason is technological:easy access to broadband and the availability of phone and video-conferencing. These enable people to use their home as an office in an efficient and cost-effective way.这种在家工作快速发展的趋势在许多国家是一样的。但是，是什么原因呢？其主要原因是技术：轻松接入宽带和电话、视频会议的可用性。这使人们能够利用自己的家作为办公室来提高效率和成本效益。Other reasons for homeworking are the benefits to both employers and employees:office space is costly, so if an organization can reduce its workstations, it may be able to move to a smaller site. Employees often work better at home: travelling to work can be very time-consuming and tiring. Many homeworkers save a lot of time if they dont commute and they can start the day fresher and therefore work more efficiently; parents with young children appreciate the flexibility that homeworking allows and are more relaxed.在家工作对雇主和雇员的其他好处是：办公空间是昂贵的，所以如果一个组织可以减少它的工作空间，就可以把它转移到一个较小的网站。员工经常在家里工作更好：乘车工作会很费时并且又累人。许多家庭佣工如果不用来往上下班，他们就可以节省大量的时间，每天都是清新的一天，这样他们工作得更有效率；父母与年幼的孩子喜欢方便性，能被允许在家工作会更让人轻松。第六章P62-Para1-3Coco Chanel, fashion designer, died on January 10th in her Paris apartment. Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel revolutionised the fashion industry with her innovative designs and elegant simplicity. Her themes included simple suits and dresses, trousers for women, and costume jewellery, but she is probably most famous for her perfumes.可可香奈儿，时装设计师，于1月10日在她的巴黎寓所去世。加布里埃尔“可可”夏奈尔用她的创新设计和典雅古朴彻底改变了时尚界。她的主题包括：简单的套装和礼服，女式裤子，服装和珠宝，但她最有名的可能就是她的香水。She was born in the small city of Saumur, France. Her mother worked in a poorhouse and died when she was only six. She was then abandoned by her father and brought up by relatives.她出生在法国的一个叫索米尔的小城市。她的母亲曾在一家妓院工作，在她的母亲去世时她只有六岁。她当时被她的父亲抛弃，由亲戚抚养长大。In 1910, she set up a shop in Paris selling ladies hats. By the 1920s, she had expanded her business to include clothing. At that time she introduced a perfume, Chanel No.5, which became one of the companys most profitable products. Another instant success was the Chanel suit, which was launched in 1923. The “little black dress”, which could be worn during the day and evening, was also made popular by Coco.1910年，她在巴黎开了一家销售女式帽子的店。到了1920年代，她已经扩大了她的业务，其中包括衣物。当时，她推出了香水，香奈儿5号，这成为该公司最赚钱的产品之一。另一种一炮而红的是香奈儿套装，是在1923年推出来的。还有一种可以在白天和晚上穿的叫做“小黑裙”的流行衣物，也是出自可可之手。第七章P70-Para2-5Scientists can invent technologies, manufacturers can make products, engineers can make them work and salespeople can sell them. However, only designers can combine all these things. Designers turn an idea into something that is desirable, commercially successful and adds value to peoples lives.科学家能发明新技术，制造商可以做产品，工程师可以给他们工作和把销售人员卖给他们。但是，只有设计者可以结合所有这些东西。设计师把一个想法变成现实的东西是可能的，能使商业上获得成功和为人们的生活增加价值。Good design begins with the needs of the user. A good design fulfils a users need. A design dosent have to be new, different or impressive to be successful in the market place, but it must fulfil a need. However, it is also true that design methods often lead to innovative products and services.良好的设计开始于用户的需求。一个好的设计必须满足用户的需求。一个设计不一定需要是新的，不同的或在市场上获得成功并令人印象深刻的，但它必须满足用户的需要。然而，这也是事实，设计方法经常导致创新产品和服务的出现。Many people have misconceptions about design. Magazines often use the word design when they mean style or fashion. For example, when they show a toaster or bottle opener which is well- designed, the result is that people think that design is only about how things look. Design is also about how things work. In reality, the way a product looks is something which happens at the end of product development process.很多人对设计有误解。当他们为表示风格或时尚时，杂志里经常使用这个词时。例如，当他们表现出一个烤面包机或开瓶器是精心设计的，其结果是人们认为设计仅仅是这件东西的外观。设计也是与事情是如何工作有关的。事实上，产品外观是在产品开发过程中出现的。Designers, unlike artists, cant simply follow their creative feelings. They work in a commercial environment, which means they are many point to consider. Designers have to ask themselves questions such as:“Is the product really wanted?”, “How it is different from everything else on the market?”, “Dose it fulfil a need?”, “Will it cost too much to manufacture?” and “Is it safe?”设计师与艺术家不同，不能简单地按照自己的创作感受。他们工作在一个商业环境中，这意味着他们有很多角度来考虑。设计者必须问自己这样的问题：“这件产品是真的想要的吗？”，“如何与市场上的其他一切东西不同？”，“它真的满足需要吗？”，“制造它是否花费太多？”和“是否安全？”第九章P90-Para1-3Engineers contribution to societyEngineers find solutions to problems that are important to society. They control and prevent pollution, develop new medicines, create advanced technologies and help explore new worlds. They make the world a cleaner, safer, healthier place by inventing, building and improving all sorts of things from microchips to household appliances, from skyscrapers to spacecraft.工程师能够找到解决问题的方法对社会很重要。他们控制和预防污染，开发新的药品，创造先进技术，帮助探索新的世界。他们创造了一个更清洁，更安全的世界，更健康的地方，建立和完善从微芯片到家用电器，从摩天大楼到飞船各种的东西。Origin and definition of engineerInterestingly, the world engineer dose not come from the world engine. In fact it comes from the Latin word ingenious meaning skilled. An engineer is really a clever, practical problem solver. Although the fields of engineering and science are connected, they are also differences.有趣的是，世界级工程师不是来自世界工程。事实上它来自拉丁词的ingenious meaning skilled。一个工程师确实是一个聪明、实际的问题解决者。虽然工程与科学的领域是相通的，但它们也是不同的。Engineering and scienceWhile a scientist will ask why a problem occurs or happens, an engineer will want to know how to solve the problem. As one writer once said: scientists build in order to learn, whereas engineers learn in order to build.一个科学家会问，为什么一个问题发生或发生时，一个工程师会想知道如何解决这个问题。正如一位作家曾说过的：科学家为了学习而构建，而工程师们为了建设而学习。第十章P104-Para2Another strong influence on fashion trends was Breakfast at Tiffanys, starring Audrey Hepburn. She made famous the simple black dress that looks perfect at either a cocktail party or just standing around outside an exclusive department store like Tiffanys with a pastry and coffee in your hand, as Audrey Hepburn dose in the film. S