第十章保险

一：判断题1. One of the most complex areas of international logistics is international insurance译文：国际物流里面最复杂的问题之一就是国际保险 解析：课本P208：国际物流里面最复杂的问题之一就是国际保险2.Modern shipping methods mean that container cargo is rarely damaged by water.译文：现代海运方法使集装箱很少受到水的威胁 解析：课本P.212-213 :a. 集装箱堆在甲板上增加了货物暴露在大量海水和雨水中的概率b. 在暴风雨时将集装箱放在港口地势低的地方且海水倒灌造成c. 湿气在集装箱内壁集聚起来造成货物损坏3.It is rare for cargo to fall overboard from ships译文：货物很少会落海 解析：课本P.214：装在船上的集装箱落海并不少见，实际上就整个世界来说，这是每天都在发生的事情。4.At the time a ship is stranded, its cargo usually suffers heavy damage译文：当船舶搁浅的时候，货物一般会遭受严重的损失 解析：课本P.217：货船搁浅时对货物造成直接损害的可能性不大，然而搁浅的船可能要经过数天或者数周才能获救，船上的货物可能在这种等待中损坏。5.Most piracy occurs near Northwest Asia译文：大多数的海盗事件都发生在亚洲的西北部 解析：海盗事件大部分发生在索马里等地方，因此为亚洲的西南部。6.The concept of general average is exclusively used in marine insurance译文：共同海损的概念只用于海运保险 解析：课本P218：共同海损是海上保险专用术语7.Air cargo can be damaged during flight because cargo pilots do not maneuver or fly as gently as passenger pilots do译文：空运货物在飞行过程中也有可能遭到损坏，因为飞行员不会提前演练试航，或者不会像客机飞行员飞的那样平稳 解析：课本P224：在飞行中，货物常遭受恶劣的天气以及突然且迅速的加速或减速。因为货机不拥护担心乘客的身心健康，货机飞行员不像客机飞行员一样绕开飞流漩涡飞行，因此机舱里的货物经常遭受突然且频繁的猛烈颠簸。8.If an exporter in a developing country sells to an importer in a developed country on a CIF, the responsibility transfers from exporter to importer at the ships rail. If there is then a loss, the exporter may suffer a cash flow problem while filing the insurance claim译文：在CIF条件下，发展中国家出口商向发达国家进口商出口货物，出口商责任自船舷处转移到了进口商，如果那时候遭受到了损失，那么出口商在向保险公司索赔的时候可能会出现现金流的问题。解析：课本P.225：如果发生损失，进口商就要像发展中国家的保险商或者至少不是由进口商选择的保险商进行索赔。索赔过程可能持续几个月，这会给进口商带来外汇贬值的风险。9.The three ways companies can manage risk are through risk retention, risk amalgamation, and through a mixed approach译文：公司进行风险管理的三种途径分别是：风险自承策略，风险融合策略和混合策略 解析：课本P226-227：三种途径分别是：风险自承策略，风险转移策略和混合策略。10.Hull insurance does not cover the owners liability toward the cargo owners in the case of a general average译文：在共同海损中，船身保险不包括船东向货主的责任险 解析：课本P.229：一旦保险公司与船主签订船身保险合同，该保险的承保范围包括了船主的一些责任。11. A P&I club is a mutual form of insurance译文：船东保赔协会是保险的一种成熟的形式解析：课本P229：船东责任保险是针对船主而言的保险形式。12.The Institute Marine Cargo Clauses Coverage A, B, and C are governed by British law译文：伦敦保险协会A，B,C险都是处于英国法律管辖之下 解析：课本P230：伦敦保险协会货物条款为英系保险条款，该条款下有A，B，C三种不同的险别。13.It is possible to find insurance for improper packing译文：在一切险中存在着合适包装险解析：课本P.231:一切险并不是对一切风险都承保，它承保包装不当，固有缺陷，正常漏损，不适航船舶和核战争以外的一切险。14.While it is difficult to obtain, some insurers will write policies covering losses from nuclear war译文：虽然由于核武器战争而造成损失的概率很低，但是保险公司仍会写上包含核战争损失的专门条款解析：课本P231：核战争险不包括在任何保险条款的承保范围内。 15.British “All Risks” policies and American “All Risks” policies are different from each other译文：英式“一切险”和美式“一切险”不一样 解析：课本P231：一切险可以签为英式合同和美式合同，两者在条款的用词和其他相关地方有些小区别。16.For Institute Marine Cargo Clauses Coverage B, losses due to bad weather are not covered.根据伦敦保险协会货物条款B款，由恶劣天气造成的损失不在保险范围内。解析：书上232页指出，由恶劣天气造成的损失不在保险范围内，在装卸时造成船的部分损失不在保险范围内。17.A “With Average” policy does not cover any losses from loading and unloading of the vessel.水渍险对装卸船期间所造成的损失不赔。解析：书上232页上写道：水渍险不仅包括火灾、爆炸、搁浅、碰撞等，还包括恶劣天气造成的损失、在装卸船时发生的部分损失、锅炉爆炸等一系列不在伦敦保险协会B险承保范围内的风险。18.It is not possible for a shipper to insure its cargo against war damages.托运人无法使自己的货物免除战争所带来的损失。解析：托运人无法对自己所交易国家的具体的政治形势作出估计，所以无法做到完全免除战争带来的损失。19.Warehouse-to-Warehouse coverage is an extension to the traditional All Risks, With Average, and Free of Particular Average policies. It is an integral part of the Institute Marine Cargo Clause policies for Coverages A, B, and C, for which it is called “Transit” clause.仓库至仓库条款是对传统的一切险、平安险和水渍险的延伸，也是伦敦保险协会货物条款的主要组成部分，被称为运输条款。解析：书上235页仓库至仓库条款最后一段指出20.Lloyds of London is the oldest insurance company in the history of shipping.伦敦劳埃德保险公司是航运史上最古老的保险公司。解析：伦敦劳埃德保险公司并不是保险公司而只是保险市场。21.All marine insurance policies carry a general average clause.所有海洋政策都包含了共同海损条款。解析：书上235页海上保险的其他条款的共同海损条款写到所有保险单都有共同海损这一条款。 22.Ordinary leakage is of more concern in air transit than in ocean transit.航空运输比海洋运输更加注重正常漏损。解析：海洋运输比航空运输更注重正常漏损。正常漏损对空运没有什么意义，因为空运时间短很多。23.Since there is no problem with inherent vice in air transport, it is not listed as an exclusion in air freight insurance policies.由于航空运输海洋没有什么内在缺陷，所以在航空运输的保险条款中并没有将此作为除外责任。解析：空运保单不包括空运的两个内在风险，即由于寒冷和气压变化造成的损害。24.The problem of “flags of convenience” in ocean shipping is also a problem in air transit.海洋运输中的方便旗问题也存在在航空运输中。解析：只有在海洋运输中才存在方便旗的问题。25.The standards for airfreight packing are much less stringent than for an ocean shipment.航空运输中对包装的要求没有航海运输那么高。解析：书上236页空运保险的构成要素中第一条包装不当中有具体的说明。26.Most air cargo policies are not included in the open cargo policy of a firm.大部分的航空货运险并没有包括在保险公司的开放货运政策中。解析：大部分的空运保险条款都是作为预约货物保险单的一部分存在的27.The correct calculation of an insurance premium relies upon the determination of the expected monetary value of claims (their probability multiplied by their expected costs) multiplied by the number of policyholders. Over time, the law of averagesarithmetic averagesallows an insurance company to be profitable.保险费的正确计算依赖于对期望保险索赔额的确定。具体方法为保险费用等于期望的保险赔付金额乘以承包人的数量。随着时间的推移，基于平均算术数的大多数定律使得保险公司是有利可图的。解析：？不清楚28.Lloyds of London acts as a market through which unusual risks are insured.作为一个保险市场，劳合社可以投保非同寻常的风险。解析：书上240页劳合社的经营方式中说到，与保险公司不同的是，劳合社作为一个专门的保险市场，通过使该市场一些非同寻常的风险得到保护。29.Lloyds of London originally began in a coffee shop.劳合社从一个咖啡馆开始。解析：劳合社常被误以为是一家公司，它是从一家简陋的咖啡馆开始，作为想购买保险的人和保险商交易的场所，本身不提供保险业务。30.危险货物只能通过海洋运输而不是航空运输。二：选择1.A typical container will be handled _ times in each of the ports of departure and destination.a.four to sixd.two to threeb.fifteen to twentye.one to two hundredc.fifty to sixty1：一个标准的集装箱在出发港和目的港将要进行次理货A：4到6B：15到20C：50到60D：2到3E:100到200解析：课本P211：典型情况是，一个集装箱在始发港和目的港分别要经历6次理货。2.According to John Waite, chief surveyor of the Salvage Association, the biggest hazard(s) for container ships is/area.foreign exchange exposure.d.All of the aboveb.risk retention.e.None of the abovec.leakage.2：根据海难救助协会的首席验船师John Waite的理论，对集装箱船来说最大的危险是A：外汇风险B：风险自承C：泄露D：以上所有E：以上全不是解析：课本P.215：在John Waite看来，集装箱运输船最紧迫的问题就是火灾3. Most of the ships that sink each year a.are older ships.d.All of the aboveb.are bulk ships.e.None of the abovec.are ships flying third world countries flags.3：每年沉没的大部分船只都是A：陈旧船只B：散装货船C：悬挂第三世界国国旗的船只D：以上全是E:以上全不是解析：课本P217：每年沉没的船只大部分是飘扬着第三世界旗帜的维护的不是很好的老旧散货船。4.Which of the following is an insurance company?a.Lloydsd.Inchmareeb.Cignae.None of the abovec.the International Underwriting Association4：以下选项中哪一个是保险公司的名字？A：Lloyds（保险市场）B：CignaC：the International Underwriting Association（保险市场）D：Inchmaree（保险条例）E：以上全不是解析：根据百度可知：A为保险市场，C为保险市场，D为保险条例5.The part of a trip during which cargo is at most risk for theft isa.the ocean voyage.d.All of the aboveb.the inland leg.e.None of the above c.on the quay of the dock.5：在航行的哪一部分货物最容易遭受偷窃？A：在航海途中B：在内陆的时候C：在码头的时候D：以上所有E：以上全不是解析：课本P.219：尤其是当货物在岸上，特别是在货物到始发港和离开目的港的运输途中，偷窃的风险更大。6.A ship valued at $1,337,500 is carrying a cargo of iron ore valued at $125,000, and a cargo of coal valued at $100,000. The ship is stranded and the captain jettisons what is later determined to be $12,500 worth of iron ore. The stranded ship is towed to port, receives a bill from the tug company of $56,250 and is determined to have suffered $71,875 worth of damage to the ship. The captain declares a general average. How much liability will the company shipping the coal have? a.$7,750d.$140,625b.$9,000 e.None of the abovec.$11,250价值1,337,500美元的船装载了价值125,000,美元的铁和100,000美元的煤。船遭遇搁浅，船长抛弃了价值12,500美元的铁。然后搁浅的船被拖回港口，支付拖船公司56,250美元并且最终测算出遭受了71,875美元的损失。船长宣布这次的损失算作共同海损，那么运煤公司需要承担多少美元的责任？A：7,750美元B：9,000美元C：11,250美元D：140,62美元E：以上都不是解析：课本P219：计算步骤为（12500+56250+71875）/（1337500+125000+100000）=9%，因此煤公司要承担9%*100000=90007.An exporter in a developing country sells under CIF terms to an importer in a developed country. The exporter provides the minimum required insurance coverage. If there is a loss, the importer would a.have to file a claim with an insurer in the developing country.d.All of the aboveb.be subject to foreign exchange devaluation due to the length of time of claim processing.e.None of the abovec.be required under the CIF terms to pay the invoice despite the delay in receiving the claim.7：在CIF交易条件下，发展中国家出口国向发达国家进口国出口货物，出口商提供了最低要求保险，如果发生了损失，进口商可以A：向发展中国家的保险公司提出索赔B：在长时间的索赔过程中承担外汇风险C：按CIF规定，不管索赔过程中的延迟，必须支付发票金额D：以上所有E：以上全不是解析：课本P.225:如果发生了损失，进口商就要向发展中国家的保险商或者至少不是由进口商选择的保险商进行索赔。9.Premiums in an open ocean cargo policya.are based upon the value of shipments made under the policy.d.All of the aboveb.are based on the number of proforma invoices that a company has outstanding.e.None of the abovec.mean the shipper can make one shipment under the insurance policy.9：预约海运货物保险单的保险费A：基于保险单下装载货物的价值B：基于公司未解决的预计发票数量C：意味着托运人可以在保单下进行一次装货D：以上所有E：以上全不是解析：课本P228：在预约保险单下，保险费是由这种保单承包范围中的货物的价值决定的10.A special cargo policya.is an insurance policy that covers only one shipment.d.All of the aboveb.allows a firm to purchase coverage that specifically fits a particular shipment.e.None of the abovec.results in cumbersome efforts to purchase insurance for each shipment.10：特约货物保险单A：是一个仅仅包括一次国际贸易的保单B：使公司可以为货物购买最合适的保险C：对每一次的贸易都要花费精力去购买保险D：以上所有E：以上全不是解析：课本P228：特约货物保险单是独立的保险对每批货物分开承保，公司也可以为货物购买最适合的保险，但是这样一来，公司每进行一次国际贸易都要签订一份保险合同，非常繁琐。11.A letter of credit usually requiresa.an open ocean cargo policy.d.All of the aboveb.a special cargo policy.e.None of the abovec.a Certificate of Insurance.11：办理信用证通常需要A：预约海运货物保险单B：特约货物保险单C：保险凭证D：以上所有E：以上全不是解析：因为书上没有找到答案，我百度了一下，里面说的是需要盖章证明的材料：1、开证申请书 2、购付汇申请书 3、付汇详情表 4、保证金合同、开证合同等相关的合同文本 C 银行开出副本提交你公司审核确认，正式开出信用证 D 对方履约后将相关单据寄到你的开证行，银行在审核单证情况后要求你方付款。12.The liability of a single P&I club is limited to a.cargoes of crude oil.d.All of the aboveb.$7 million.e.None of the abovec.an international fund.12：保赔协会的责任受限于A：原油货物B：7百万美元C：国际基金D：以上所有E：以上全不是解析：课本P230：发生损失后，在7800万美元之上的赔偿责任，如果涉及原油这样的货物，可以由国际油污损害赔偿基金来负责。如果保险标的中没有原油，保险协会可以通过劳埃德保险公司对剩余索赔进行再保险。13.Coverage A of the Institute Marine Cargo Clauses requires a special endorsement to covera.an unseaworthy vessel.d.All of the aboveb.improper packing.e.None of the abovec.strikes and other civil disturbances.13：伦敦保险协会货物条款A险需要一个特别的签注去覆盖A：一艘不适于航海的船B：不合理包装C：罢工和其他内部骚乱D：以上所有E：以上全不是解析：课本P231：在伦敦保险协会货物条款A险中，一些特定的附加险需要各自分开投保作为对主要保险单的附加条款，这些特定风险为：罢工和其他国内骚乱，战争，被政府查封。14.Coverage A of the Institute Marine Cargo Clauses is the maximum coverage an exporter or importer would normally need to purchasea.for most trade lanes of the world.d.All of the aboveb.for shipments from one developed country to another.e.None of the abovec.for shipments that stay away from political hot spots of the world.14：伦敦保险协会货物条款A险是一般情况下出口商或者进口商为了所购买的最大的保险A：为了世界上大部分的贸易航线B：为了将货物从一个发达国家运往另一个发达国家C：为了在贸易过程中避免经过世界上政治热点地区D：以上所有E：以上全不是解析：课本P.231：伦敦保险协会货物条款A险仍是进出口商能为那些在世界上最常用贸易巷道上运输的货物购买的级别最高的险别，特别是对那些从一个发达国家运往另一个发达国家的货物而且航线不经过局势动荡地区的情况下。15.Goods shipped “under deck”a.face more perils than goods shipped “on deck.”d.All of the aboveb.cannot be insured by a United States All Risk policy.e.None of the abovec.are stowed inside the ship.15：货物在“甲板之下”运输A：面临着比货物在“甲板之上”运输更大的风险B：不包括在美国“一切险”的规定中C：货物储存在船舱中D：以上所有E：以上全不是解析：课本P231：美国的“一切险”规定货物必须在“甲板之下”运输，这就意味着货物必须放在船舱中。16.Institute for Marine Cargo Clauses Coverage Ba.is a “named-perils” policy.d.All of the aboveb.includes coverage for goods washed overboard.e.None of the abovec.includes coverage for water damage, and total losses during loading and unloading.伦敦保险协会货物条款B险A：也被称为指定险B：赔偿包括被甲板上落水货物的损失C：包括水害和装卸货物时发生的所有损失D：所有都对?E：所有都不对解析：不知道为什么不对，书上232页该知识点称：伦敦货物保险协会B险也被称为指定险，因为其列出来具体承包的风险，这些风险包括火灾、搁浅、沉没、碰撞、投弃、落水、水害以及装卸时发生的全部损失。17.Institute Marine Cargo Clauses Coverage Ca.is required by Incoterms CIF and CIP.d.All of the aboveb.is appropriate for most goods.e.None of the abovec.is adequate for most containerized goods.伦敦保险协会货物条款C险A:是CIF和CIP术语要求的最低保险B:对大部分货物适用C:对大多数集装箱化的货物适用。D:所有都对E：所有都不对解析：书中232页指出伦敦保险协会条款C险是CIF和CIP术语要求的最低保险，它低到对大多数的货物来说都不合适，适合散装货物。18.Under an American Conditions Free of Particular Average policy,a.partial losses are covered if they happen on the same voyage as a fire.d.it would be enough to cover the minimum insurance requirements of a CIF or CIP shipment.b.there is excellent coverage for containerized or break-bulk cargo.e.None of the abovec.partial losses are not covered if they result directly from a fire.在美国无条件的特别平均政策下A:对发生在同一航次的由火灾造成的部分损失承保B:对集装箱化和的散装承保C:对同一航次发生的直接由火灾引起的部分损失不保D:满足CIF或CIP术语下的最低承保要求E:都不对解析：这道题没在书上看到相关的知识。19.S.R. & C. C. coveragea.includes direct physical damage to the insured goods.d.All of the aboveb.does not include incidental damage caused by delay to market.e.None of the abovec.does not cover financial losses that accompany a delay in the sale of cargo.罢工、暴动、民众骚乱条款A:对承保货物的直接物理破坏承保B:对延期上市造成的间接损失不保C:对货物延期销售造成的经济损失不保D:以上都对E:以上都不对解析：书上233页罢工险部分指出，其承保范围只包括货物的直接物理损害或者在罢工期间发生的存储成本，不会对由于延期上市造成的间接损害和由于货物延迟出售造成的经济损失承保。20.A “Sue and Labor” clausea.directs the shipper to act in the best interest of the insurance company when a loss occurs.d.All of the aboveb.is the same as an Inchmaree clause.e.None of the abovec.specifies that the insurer will reimburse the shipper for goods that have been abandoned after a stranding or a sinking, as long as the costs of recovering the goods and making them marketable is greater than their value.救护条款A:要求托运人在发生损失时采取对保险公司有利的行动B: 跟Inchmaree条款相同C: 指定保险公司将偿付承运方，后被搁浅或沉没的废弃品，只要回收货物并使其市场价值大于其成本。D:都对E:都不对解析：书上236页第三条救护条款，要求托运人发生损失时采取对保险公司有利的行动。该报险的原则是发生该损失后，受保人应该像这批货物贸易投保那样对其予以保护并免于受到进一步的损失，从而使损失降到最小。21.Insurance coverage designed to fill the gap between what an importer would like to have covered under its open cargo policy and what is covered under its suppliers CIF or CIP coverage is calleda.a Difference in Conditions coverage.d.an Inchmaree clause.b.a Constructive Total Loss Coverage.e.None of the abovec.a Sue and Labor clause.为弥补在开放货物政策下， 进口商所希望能够承保的风险所投保的预约保险单和供应商在CIF或者CIP条件下购买保险之间承保范围所出现的缺口而设计出来的保险称为：A:条件差异险B:推定全损险C:救护条款D:Inchmaree 险E:以上都不是解析：书上235页10.8.10条件差异险有对此作出明确的定义。22.Airfreight insurance policiesa.are more complicated than ocean marine policies.d.All of the aboveb.are written as “All Risks” policies.e.None of the abovec.have none of the traditional exclusions of ocean marine policies.空运保险条款A:比海运货物险更加复杂B:以一切险的形式出现C:对海洋货物险种没有除外条款D:以上都是E:以上都不是解析：书上236页10.9空运保险的要素指出空运保险比海上运输要简单些，除10.8提到的列外外，空运保险都是以一切险的形式出现23.At Lloyds, individuals assuming (insuring) risks on their personal fortunes are calleda.agents.d.speculators.b.barristers.e.None of the abovec.Bespoke Names.在劳合社中，以个人资产作为承保风险的个人称为A:代理商B:专门律师C:名人D: 投机商E:都不是解析：书上241页指出想为类似风险投保的公司或者个人可以在劳合社那里找到一批愿意承保的这些风险的劳合社成员，这些成员可能是个人，在劳合社的行话中称为记名人或者名人。24.At Lloyds