讲座听力 1- 试题、文本、译文

Model Test 1 section C 16. A. lords vassals and fiefs B. warriors lords and vassals. C. king, vassals and fiefs. D. king, lords, warriors17. A. a person who acts as counselors B. a person who owns land C. a person who guarrantees the scurity D. a person who governs the country18. A. they would lend their lands to the vassals B. they would ask the vassals to help make decisions C. they would provide suggestions to their superiors D. they would harvest crops from their lands 19. A. the lord B. the vassal C. the ariscrat D.the emperor20. A. the seasons in the city B. the popular activities in the city C. the scenic spots of the city D. the temperature of the city 21. A. around 29 degrees B. around 40 degrees C. around 10 degrees D. around 30 degrees 22. A. go on picnics and play outdoor games B. go hiking, fishing, and campingC. clean up their yards and gardens D. go to the park and fly kites 23. A. Coca-cola B. MacDonalds C. Disney D. Mickey mouse 24. A. his ability to draw particulary well B. his insight and management ability C. his ability to identify with the audiences D. his ability to creat new things 25. A. he made films to train American sodiers B. he worked for the FBI as a mole C. he was a role model to the filmmakers D. he entertained the world all his life ABBD ACB CCAGood morning, class. Today we are going to start a big unit on government. Before the rise of the nation-state and absolute monarchies, Europe went through a period known as feudalism. Like our concept of democracy, feudalism had many forms and varied by location and time period.Lets see, feudalism originated by mixing Roman law with Germanic tradition. The Germanic warriors that lived about 3,000 years ago had a tradition of electing a supreme warrior as leader. After battles, he would collect all of the spoils and distribute them fairly among all the warriors. The term feudalism is defined by three principle terms: They are lords, vassals, and fiefs.Okay, a lord, in feudalism, is a person that owns land. He temporarily gives this land to another person, called a vassal. The vassal enters this contract so he may gain the land. Land sizes varied, from the size of a small farm, to huge counties. The vassal gained the revenues generated by the land, usually in the form of fanning products.What did the lord get? At this time, there were no standing armies. There were no professional soldiers. The vassal swore allegiance to the lord. In times of trouble, the lord could call upon the vassal to fight for the lord. This guaranteed the security of the lord.Other details were often included in feudal deals. For example, since the lord still owned the land and merely lent the land to the vassal, the lord still had to maintain the land and defend it. The vassal, many times, would be required to grind his wheat and bake his bread in the ovens and mills owned by the lord, who then could collect taxes.Umm, oh, yes, the vassals also acted as counselors to the lord. During times of crisis, the lords would often hold meetings, calling together all the vassals to help them decide major decisions, such as to go to war or not.Ah, lastly, feudalism had many levels. What I mean is, a king could be a lord, giving aristocrats large lands, who then became his vassals. Those aristocrats were lords themselves, dividing up their land to lesser vassals. The top of this hierarchy was the emperor, who was the lord to his vassal kings.Feudalism declined when lords became strong enough to maintain a standing army and did not require the services of their vassals.1. What are the three terms that define feudalism? 2. What is a lord in feudalism?3. During times of crisis, what would the lord do?4. Who is at the top of the hierarchy in feudalism? 同学们大家早上好。今天我们要开始学习一个全新的单元，这个单元讲的是政府。在单一民族国家和君主专制政体出现之前，欧洲经历了一段封建社会时期。和我们熟知的民主的概念类似，封建主义同样在不同时期、不同地区以多种形式存在。我们来看一下，西欧封建制度最初是通过罗马封建制度和日耳曼社会传统融合而形成的。生活在3000年前的日耳曼战士的传统是将他们当中最强的战士选为领袖。战争结束后，这位领袖会收集所有的战利品并将其平均分发给所有的战士。封建制度是由三个基本的名词来定义的：封建领主、封臣和封地。好的，封建领主是拥有土地的人。他把自己的土地暂时性地交给另外一个人，即封臣。封臣接受这样的契约关系以期获得封地。封地面积大小不一，小到一个小型农场，大到囊括几个郡。封臣的收入通常是他们封地中收获的农产品。那领主能得到什么呢？在这个时期，没有常备军队。没有职业军人。封臣发誓效忠领主。战乱时期，领主可以召集封臣为其赴战。这样领主的安全便有了保障。封建契约中还包括一些其他细节。比如，由于领主只是将土地借给封臣，他们仍掌握着土地的所有权，因此他们仍需维护这些土地。多数情况下，封臣需要在领主的磨坊磨小麦、用领主的烤箱烤面包，这样领主就可以对他们征税。哦，还有，封臣们还担任这领主顾问的角色。危机时刻，领主会召集会议，聚集封臣帮助其作出决定，比如是否要开战的决定。啊，最后，封建制度中存在着很多等级。我的意思是，国王可以是领主，将大量土地分封给贵族，贵族便成为了他们的封臣。贵族本身又是领主，将自己的封地分给低一级的封臣。这个等级制度的最顶端是君主，他是封臣们领主的领主。领主的实力逐渐壮大，足以维持常备军队，不再需要封臣的服务，这时封建制度就没落了。16.定义封建制度的三个名词是什么？17.封建制度中领主是什么？18.危机时刻，领主会怎么做？19.封建等级制度的顶端是谁？Hello, everyone. Have you ever wondered what the weather is like in other places around the world? Today, Id like to talk to you about the changing seasons in my city which was the assigned topic for this class.First of all, the winter season usually begins in December and ends in early March. The coldest month is January, and temperatures can drop below freezing for most of this month. The city usually averages about 30 inches of snow during this entire, 3-month period. Occasionally, we have snow storms that can drop a foot of snow in a very short period of time. Winter activities during this season include sledding, skiing, and snowshoeing.Spring usually arrives in late March, and the temperatures hover around 10 degrees during the day. It is a beautiful season because the flowers start to bloom. It is also sometimes windy, and this is great for flying kites. People in my city often like to go on picnics, stroll through the parks, and play outdoor games.Next, summer starts in June, as temperatures slowly rise to around 29 degrees. The summer in my city is very dry with little rain throughout the season, and temperatures can soar above 40 degrees in August. Fortunately, the weather is very dry with low humidity, so it is pleasant even on hot days. Popular activities during this season include hiking, fishing, camping, water skiing, and outdoor sports such as football and soccer.And finally, summer changes to fall in late September when the weather cools off, and the trees begin to change colors. A lot of people enjoy driving into the mountains and viewing the fall colors. It is also a time when people clean up their yards and gardens in preparation for the winter season.So, as you can see, my city has a lot to offer no matter when you visit this area.What is the topic in this talk?What are the temperatures during the spring in the speakers city? What do people do in the summers? 大家好。你有没有想过在世界上其他地方的天气如何？今天我想说一说我所居住的城市的季节变化，这是我们这节课的指定话题。首先，冬季通常从12月开始3月初结束。1月是最冷的月份，这个月里温度大部分时间会降到冰点以下。在冬季的这三个月里，我们城市地面通常会覆盖平均大约30英寸厚的积雪。偶尔遇到暴风雪的天气，积雪可能在很短的时间内就达到一英尺厚。冬季活动项目包括玩雪橇、滑雪和穿着雪鞋雪中漫步。春天通常在三月末开始，白天的温度大概停留在10摄氏度以上。这是一个美丽的季节，因为这时花开始开放。春天有时候会多风，适合放风筝。城市中的人们通常喜欢在这时去野餐、到公园散步或者到户外玩耍。接下来是夏天，从六月份开始，温度逐渐上升到29摄氏度左右。我们城市的夏天通常有些干燥少雨，八月份温度会猛涨至40摄氏度以上。幸运的是，天气比较干爽，湿度较低，所以即使天气很热也较宜人。这个季节流行的活动包括远足、垂钓、野营、划水以及户外体育运动比如足球和橄榄球。最后，9月末夏天转为秋天，天气凉爽起来，树木颜色开始发生变化。很多人喜欢开车到山区去欣赏秋色。人们也在这是开始清理庭院和花园准备过冬。所以，正如你所见，无论你何时来参观我们的城市这里都能提供很多乐趣。20.演讲的话题是什么？21.演讲者生活的城市春天气温是多少？22.演讲者生活的城市的人们在夏天通常做什么？Predicting the future is always risky. But its probably safe to say that at least a few historians will one day speak of the 20th century as Americas Disney era. Today, its certainly difficult to think of any other single thing that represents modern America as powerfully as the company that created Mickey Mouse. Globally, brands like Coca-Cola and McDonalds may be more widely-known, but neither represents 20th-century America in quite the same way as Disney.The reasons for Disneys success are varied and numerous, but ultimately the credit belongs to one personthe man who created the cartoon and built the company from nothing, Walt Disney. Ironically, he could not draw particularly well. But he was a genius in plenty of other respects. In business, his greatest skills were his insight and his management ability. But what really distinguished Disney was his ability to identify with his audiences. Disney always made sure his films championed the little guy, and made him feel proud to be American. This was achieved by creating characters that reflected the hopes and fears of ordinary people.Disneys another great virtue was the fact that his companyunlike other big corporationshad a human face. He was also regarded as a great patriot because not only did his cartoons celebrate America, but, during World War II, studios made training films for American soldiers. The reality, of course, was less idyllic. As the public would later learn, Disneys patriotism had an unpleasant side. He agreed to work for the FBI as a mole, identifying and spying on colleagues whom he suspected.By the time he died in 1966, Walt Disney was an icon like Thomas Edison and the Wright Brothers. To business people and filmmakers, he was a role model; to the public at large, he wa