中西方语言文化第七课作业答案

根据本章内容，请同学们至少列举中西方体态语存在差异的三个原因。(一)宗教信仰宗教文化是社会文化的一个重要组成部分，它渗透到西方社会生活的方方面面，并在社会生活中起着支配作用，影响着人们的生活方式和认知方式。带有宗教色彩的手势常常出现在他们的日常生活中。西方，往往在胸前划十字；当表示感激、尊敬或顺从时便将手放在胸前。中华民族没有一个统一的宗教信仰，但佛教对中国社会生活产生了深远的影响。当人们遇到紧急情况或危机已化解时，往往会双手合掌于胸并口念“阿弥陀佛”Religious culture is an important part of culture, it permeated western all aspects of social life, in social life and plays a dominant role, affecting peoples living and cognitive style. Religious gestures often appear in their daily life. Western, often make the sign of the cross over; when the gratitude, respect or obedience when they will hand on his chest.The Chinese nation is not a unified religious beliefs, but Buddhism on Chinese social life produced profound effect. When people meet an emergency or crisis already dissolved, often Anjali mudra in chest parallel read amitabha(=)价值观念西方人崇尚平等、自由，认为个体具有至高无上的内在价值和尊严。因此，人与人之间的关系呈横向结构，即平等的而非等级的关系结构，并时刻反映在行为举止上。如在交谈时，西方人姿势很随便，有时甚至半躺在椅子里，翘起二郎腿或将腿搁在桌子上与人交谈。在中国人看来，这样的动作是缺乏修养、傲慢无礼的表现。由于中国受儒家思想的统治长达两千多年，纲常伦理观念已渗透国民心中，形成了重人伦轻自然、重群体轻个体的价值观念。在人际交往方面往往表现出谦和礼让，举手抬足间都注重“仪态端庄”、“举止得体”.The Westerners advocate equality, freedom, that individual has the supreme value and dignity. Therefore, the relation between person and person are lateral structure, i.e. equal and non-hierarchical relationship structure, and always reflect the behaviour of. As in a conversation, Westerners posture is very casual, sometimes evenTo lie in the chair, crosses his legs or the leg resting on the table and talk to people. In the eyes of Chinese people, this action is the lack of training, be insolent and rude performance. As a result of China by the Confucianism rule for over two thousand years, feudal ethics has infiltrated the hearts of people, formed a heavy human relations natural light, heavy group light individual values. In the interpersonal tended to show humility comity, hand foot lift all pay attention to dignified, good manners分享到翻译结果重试抱歉，系统响应超时，请稍后再试 支持中英、中日在线互译 支持网页翻译，在输入框输入网页地址即可 提供一键清空、复制功能、支持双语对照查看，使您体验更加流畅 (三)社会规范中国早在商周时期就形成了文明的礼仪规范，其中最有影响的是“男女有别”，由此在两性交往、身体接触等方面的体态语有严格的“标准”。异性间遵循“男女授受不亲”，即便是情侣，在公众场合却不能表现过分亲热；而同性之间可随便发生身体接触，互相搂着肩膀、挎着胳膊或搂着腰。西方人见此情景会感到十分震惊，以为这是公然的“同性恋”行为。而西方民族则因礼仪体制“松弛散漫”而显出不同的风貌，异性间身体亲密接触不必避讳，在社交场合男女拥抱、接吻是常见的事。此外中西方社会规范差异还体现在人的。个人空间”方面。西方人强调自主权、隐私不受侵犯。所以在公共场合，人与人之间总保持一定的“舒服”距离。中华民族则是以家庭为中心的体系，形成“聚合型”的行为模式，中国人追求和谐，喜群居，喜欢近距离接触人。China in the early Shang Dynasty formed the civilized etiquette, one of the most influential is the public, resulting in the sexual intercourse, physical contact and other aspects of the body language in a strict standards. Heterosexual followed men and women could not communicate between man and woman, even a couple in public performance, but not too friendly; and between same-sex casual physical contact arms round each other, shoulder, arm in arm or around the waist. Westerners see this scene will feel very shocked, thought it was declared homosexual behavior. While the western nation because the etiquette system relaxation rambling and showing a different style, heterosexual intimate physical contact without taboo, in social situations and embrace, kissing is a common thing. In addition the difference in social norms are reflected in peoples. Personal space. Westerners emphasize autonomy, privacy. So in public, people always keep a certain distance. The Chinese nation is a family oriented system, forming a polymerized behavior pattern, Chinese pursuit of harmony, hi gregarious, like close contact with people.(四)民族性格民族性格是各民族在漫长的历史文化发展过程中形成的相对稳定的特征，这种特性使各民族各具特色。体态语上的差异可以反映不同的民族性格特征。我们以中西方走路的姿势为例。前苏联曾流传过一个笑话，说美国人走路的样子就像脚下的土地都归他们所有，英国人走路的样子就像是不屑于理睬谁是他脚下土地的主人。而西方人则可能将中国人的走路姿势看成是畏畏缩缩，羞羞答答，或者怕出风头。由此可看出西方人崇尚独立、平等、外向、自信、直率、随便的外露型性格。另一方面，中国是礼仪之邦，有严谨的等级秩序、系统的礼乐教化，在此文化背景的熏陶下，中国人养成了谦虚、克制、重礼节、尚伦理，表达含蓄等的内敛型性格。The national character of each nation in the long history of cultural development in the process of forming the relatively stable characteristics, these characteristics make each nation characteristic. On the differences of body language can reflect different national character. We take the West walk as an example. The Soviet Union has been a joke, saying Americans walk like foot of land is theirs, British people like to walk like a scorn to ignore him who is the owner of the land at the foot of. While the westerners may be Chinese walk as timid, shy, or even the limelight. This can be seen Westerners advocate independence, equality, outgoing, confident, straightforward, easily exposed type character. On the other hand, China is a state of c