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StephenWilliamHawking 1 Therewasneverastartandwouldbenoend 2 Mygoalissimple Itiscompleteunderstandingoftheuniverse whyitisasitisandwhyitexistsatall 3 Whilethere slife thereishope 4Lifeisnotfair regardlessofyourcircumstances youcango 6 Don tcrybecauseitisover smilebecauseithappened Group5 HawkinggrewupoutsideLondoninanintellectualfamily Hewasanawkwardschoolboy butknewfromearlyonthathewantedtostudyscience In1959hewonascholarshiptoOxfordUniversity wherehisintellectualcapabilitiesbecamemorenoticeable In1962hegothisdegreewithhonorsandwenttoCambridgeUniversity Therehebecameintriguedwithblackholesand space timesingularities oreventsinwhichthelawsofphysicsseemtobreakdown AfterreceivinghisPhD hestayedatCambridge becomingknowneveninhis20sforhispioneeringideasanduseofEinstein sformulas 公式 aswellashisquestioningofolder establishedphysicists In1968hejoinedthestaffoftheInstituteofAstronomyinCambridgeandbegantoapplythelawsofthermodynamicstoblackholesbymeansofverycomplicatedmathematics Hepublishedtheverytechnicalbook LargeScaleStructureofSpace Timebutsoonafterwardsmadeastartlingdiscovery Ithadalwaysbeenthoughtthatnothingcouldescapeablackhole Hawkingsuggestedthatundercertainconditions ablackholecouldemit 发出 subatomicparticles ThatisnowknowasHawkingRadiation Hecontinuedworkingonthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse andindoingsofoundwaystolinkrelativity gravity withquantummechanics theinnerworkingsofatoms ThiscontributedenormouslytowhatphysicistscallGrandUnifiedTheory awayofexplaining inoneequation allphysicalmatterintheuniverse Attheremarkablyyoungageof32 hewasnamedafellowoftheRoyalSociety HereceivedtheAlbertEinsteinAward themostprestigiousintheoreticalphysics Andin1979 hewasappointedLucasianProfessorofMathematicsatCambridge thesamepostheldbySirIsaacNewton300yearsearlier Therehebegantoquestionthebigbangtheory whichbythenmosthadaccepted Perhaps hesuggested therewasneverastartandwouldbenoend butjustchange aconstanttransitionofone universe givingwaytoanotherthroughglitchesinspace time Allthewhile hewasdiggingintoexplodingblackholes stringtheory andthebirthofblackholesinourowngalaxy In1988HawkingwroteABriefHistoryofTime FromtheBigBangtoBlackHoles explainingtheevolutionofhisthinkingaboutthecosmos 宇宙 forageneralaudience Itbecameabest selleroflongstandingandestablishedhisreputationasanaccessiblegenius Hewroteotherpopulararticlesandappearedinmoviesandtelevision Heremainsextremelybusy hisworkhardlyslowedbyLouGehrig sdisease amyotrophiclateralsclerosis adiseasethataffect
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