初中英语-从句

精品文档 1欢迎下载 初中英语语法总结 从句 从句从句 从句分为定语从句定语从句 状语从句状语从句和名词从句名词从句三大类 定语从句又分为限定性和非限定性 从句两种 由关系代词或关系副词引导 修饰主句的某个成分 状语从句分为时间 结果 让步 原因 条件及行为方式状语从句 名词从句包括主语 宾语 表语和同位语从句及 there be 句型 1 1 定语从句 定语从句 限定性定语从句中 that 可代表人和事 而 which 只代表事 二者在从句中作主语或宾 语 that 作宾语时常可省略 which 则不能 而且其后的 不及物动词 介词 中的介词 不能省略 which 作宾语时 先行词与 which 之间的介词不能省 例如 1 The first doll that could say mama was invented in 1830 2 The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part during which he sailed round the Cape Horn 代表 a11 anything something nothing much 等词时 用 that 而不用 which that 作 宾语可省略 例如 1 I care anything that has something to do with it 2 You d better do something he prefers to do to please him 3 That is the last time we met each other 4 I came across the woman you told me about yesterday who 和 whom 引导的从句用来修饰人 分别作从句的主语和宾语 where 是关系副词 用于 表示地点的定语从句 而 when 用来表示时间 whose 是关系代词 修饰名词作定语 例如 1 Henry Ford is the person who is most responsible for developing the idea of mass production 2 The knee is the joint where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg 3 The next morning when she came down to breakfast Mary was beaming with the pleasure of a new great discovery 4 The visiting professor is a famous scientist whose son studies in my department 在下列情况 限定性定语从句限定性定语从句的关系代词关系代词可以省略省略 1 1 当关系代词在从句中作宾语或表语 或它们在从句中作介词的宾语 而该介词又在句末 时 2 2 当先行词先行词是 that all only everything something nothing 等代词时 或先行词 前有一个最高级形容词修饰时 3 3 当先行词先行词前有 only any all first no last 等修饰时 或先行词就是 time moment way anyway direction distance 等名词时 关系代词即可省略 例如 1 The delegation we had been waiting for finally arrived 2 I met the woman you told me about 3 She gave me all she could afford 精品文档 2欢迎下载 4 With TV we can see things happen almost at the exact moment they are happening 非限定性定语从句 其作用为 对所修饰的成分作进一步的说明 它与主句用逗号隔开 此类从句省略后其余部分仍可成立 在非限定性定语从句中 which 可代表前面的整个句 子 代表人时只能用 who whom 而不能用 that as 也可用作关系代词 例如 1 The telephone as we know was the invention of Alexander Graham Bell 2 The Little White House in Warm Springs was the Georgia home President 3 Franklin D Roosevelt who died there on April 12 1945 4 Living in a damp house for a long time is harmful to one s health which is known to everyone 2 2 状语从句 状语从句 状语从句可分为 时间状语从句时间状语从句 主要由 when whenever after before a5 slnce once assoonas Until while 等连词引 导 结果状语从句结果状语从句 由 so that 和 such that 连接 让步状语从句让步状语从句 由 though although no matter even if however whatever 等词引导 原因状语从句原因状语从句 由 as because since 和 for 引导 条件状语从句条件状语从句 由 if whether as long as provided that 等词引导 地点状语从句地点状语从句 由 where 引导 行为方式状语从句行为方式状语从句 由 as 引导 有时条件状语从句中 主句不可以用将来时 而用一般时代替 例如 1 The small greenish flowers of the elm tree appear in the Spring long before the leaves grow 2 QiongYao s novels used to be so popular that her books appeared on best seller lists 3 Gas balloon is less safe than hot balloon because it may catch fire 4 Uniform acceleration 同样的加速 occurs if the rate of change remains the same over successive equal intervals of time 5 Thousands of Chinese college students went to the US Consulate 6 Shanghai where they protested NATO s bombing at China s Embassy in Yugoslavia 状语从句中的 主语 be 可以省略 前提是 从句主语和主句主语一致 且从句谓语 be 省略后的结构为 连词 现在分词 过去分词介词短语 形容词 名词短语 例 如 1 When well fitted glasses can correct most sight defects in healthy eyes 2 If necessary I would like to see you in your office 3 Although seriously wounded he never complained 3 3 名词从句 名词从句 名词从句包括主语从句 宾语从句 其中有介词与形容词的宾语从句 表语从句和同位语 从句 1 1 主语从句 主语从句 主语从句常出现在 it is 名词 形容词 分词 主语从句 的形式中 例如 1 It is reported that Taiwanese pop singer Meng Tingwei will hold a solo concert in Shanghai someday this month 2 It must be pointed out that you have failed to meet the deadline 3 It usually happened that I was late because of traffic jams 主语从句还可用 when where how why whether 等连接副词 和 精品文档 3欢迎下载 who whom whose what which whoever whatever whichever 等连接代词来引起 例如 1 How to arrange the meeting is not your task 2 Whose candidate will win the election is the question both political parties are asking 3 When I leave is my own decision 4 Whoever will go to the party won t change my mind of staying at home 2 2 宾语从句宾语从句 宾语从句可由 that 疑问代词或副词 how why 和 where 等引出 例如 1 To postpone the conference until next month indicated that they were unprepared 2 Nearly a11 the staff agreed with what I said 3 Everyone worried about her because no one was aware of where she had gone 4 Could you offer more details except that it happened at night 由 what whether how 引导的宾语从句可用在介词后 而由 that 引导的从句只跟 but besides except in save 之后 例如 1 I can hardly believe in what they have done 2 He doesn t know my phone number except that the city code is 021 一些表语性的形容词 如 alarmed amazed annoyed astonished certain confident disappointed glad pleased proud sad shocked sure surprised worried ect 做表语时 后面可跟由 that how 等引导的宾语从句 例如 1 I was amazed how he could pass the exam without attending the lectures 2 He is confident that he will pass the Band 6 examination 3 She was surprised how simple his problem is 4 We are all pleased that he will be able to pass the final examination 3 3 表语从句表语从句 表语从句对主语的内容起解释和阐述的作用 若表语从句用 that 引起 that 起连接作用 不能省略 b 表语从句也可用连接词 how when where why what 引起 由 because 引 起的表语从句通常只用在 this that it is because 结构中 例如 1 A logarithm 对数 is what is known in algebra exponent 代数的指数 2 One thing I admire most about them is that they are hospitable 3 She works too hard That is why she is exhausted 4 I must point out that where you intend to build a super market is where the elderly do exercise every day 4 4 同位语从句同位语从句 同位语从句是由两个或两个以上同一层次语言单位组成的结构 其中前项与后项所指相同 句法