反倾销GDP汇率政治关系硕士论文.doc

导致反倾销调查因素的实证研究国际贸易学， 2010， 硕士【摘要】 随着世界贸易迅速发展,世界贸易组织(WTO)对关税、非关税贸易壁垒的限制,越来越多的国家选择采用“反倾销”,这一看似合理的措施来保护国内产业,促进本国贸易发展(Prusa和Skeath,2002)。反倾销调查过去常常在发达国家之间展开,近几十年,发展中国家也逐渐成为反倾销调查的对象或者发起者(Prusa,2001)。倾销是出口商以低于商品正常价值的价格出售到其他国家或者地区(Grimwade,2001)。关税与贸易总协定(GATT/WTO)第六条指出,当一个国家的生产商被证实遭受倾销带来的实质损害或者威胁时,允许采用反倾销这一措施对国内产业加以保护。自1995年WTO成立到2006年,总共发起反倾销调查3044起,其中1941起被确认为反倾销,占63.8%。反倾销调查的频繁使用,不难看出,越来越多的国家假借反倾销之名实则进行贸易保护。了解倾销的含义对我们分析反倾销发生的原因至关重要,正如前文所说,但凡出口价格小于正常价格便视为倾销。而对“正常价格”通常定义为出口价格与第三方“相似产品”价格的比较,或者在成本的基础上加上合理的利润。倾销旨在排除竞争者从而扩大市场份额,是不正当的竞争手段。.更多还原【Abstract】 While tariffs and quotas continue to be reduced, and the development of international trade, another type of trade barrier, anti-dumping (AD) is being used more and more frequently as a measure of protection (Prusa and Skeath,2002). Traditionally anti-dumping was used by and against developed economies, but over the past decade developing economies have emerged as frequent targets (and users) of anti-dumping (Prusa,2001). Dumping is the practice of exporters selling products abroad at a price be.更多还原 【关键词】 反倾销； GDP； 汇率； 政治关系； 【Key words】 Anti-dumping； GDP； Exchange rate； Relationship； Abstract 2-8 摘要 9-17 1.Introduction 17-33 1.1 The definition of dumping 18-20 1.2 The reasons of firms engaging in dumping 20 1.3 The definition of AD 20-25 1.4 The importance of AD policies 25-27 1. The procedures of AD investigation 27-28 1.6 The description of AD measures of bilateral trade 28-29 1.7 The factors of initiating AD investigation 29-31 1.8 The methods and results of measuring AD activity 31-33 2.Theoretical Analysis and Propositions 33-37 2.1 Domestic economic pressure 33-34 2.2 The influence from fluctuation of foreign exchange 34-35 2.3 The effect of increasing imports 35-36 2.4 The pressure from the interest groups 36-37 3.Model Specification,Methodology and Data 37-41 3.1. The explanatory variables 37-38 3.2 Model specification 38-39 3.3 Data description 39-41 4.Empirical Results 41-44 5.Specification in Country and Time Dummies 44-46 6.Specification in China-US Trade 46-56 6.1 The explanatory variables 46-47 6.2 Theoretical analyses 47-50 6.2.1 The pressure from trade imbalance 47 6.2.2 The influence from relationship 47-49 6.2.3 The pressure from institutional transition 49-50 6.3 Empirical results 50-56 7.Policy Recommendations 56-65 7.1 The status of Chinas encountering AD investigation 56-58 7.2 The reasons why China is attacked by AD filings 58-61 7.2.1 The low-price competitive sales among exporters 59 7.2.2 The passive appeal from part of Chinas exporters 59-60 7.2.3 The yearly huge trade surplus 60-61 7.2.4 The discriminatory AD policies from foreign countries 61 7.3 The measures that China may take to respond to the lawsuit 61-65 7.3.1 From the perspective of enterprises 61-63 7.3.2 From the perspective of th