最新2012年上海中考英语句型转换考点梳理.docx

备战2012年中考句型转换模块考点归纳:1. 肯定句变否定句或否定句变肯定句：常考的考点：have 、do句型2. 变反义疑问句：常考的考点：带有否定副词的句子。3. 主动句变被动语态常考的考点：一般现在时、一般过去时、以及含有情态动词的被动语态。4. 同义句转换常考的考点：主要考考纲的近义短语、常用的初中重点句型。5. 对划线部分提问常考的考点：how long/soon/ far, how much/ many的区别和联系。6. 肯定句改成改为感叹句常考的考点：近年来考的比较少了，要求掌握how/what 的修饰用法。7. 两句子合并为一句，复句变为简单句常考的考点：结构是状语从句，宾语从句的使用。注意改写句子的细节问题。1. Mr. Lee studies Chinese in the university. (改为否定句)Mr. Lee _ _ Chinese in the university.答案：doesnt, study解析：本题考查肯定句改为否定句。在做此类题时，通常在系动词、助动词和情态动词后加not (nt)。如果句中没有这些词，则根据谓语动词的原形、第三人称单数动词形式或过去式而分别在其前面加do not (dont), does not (doesnt) 或did not (didnt), 并将第三人称单数动词形式或过去式改为原形。如：We can finish the work this afternoon. We cant finish the work this afternoon.They put the basket under the tree just now. They didnt put the basket under the tree just now.注意：1). 当think, believe, suppose等动词后面跟宾语从句时，通常用否定主句谓语动词来达到否定从句谓语动词的目的。如：I think they can come tonight. I dont think they can come tonight.2). 当must表示推测，表示“一定；肯定”的含义时，否定句应用cant。如：He must be in the room. He cant be in the room.2. Peter often has bread for his breakfast. (改为否定句)Peter _ _ bread for his breakfast.答案：doesnt, have解析：本句考查have/has做行为动词的否定形式。 本题中has 不表示“有”而是表示动作，否定应该用doesnt have,不能用has not. 注意：英语中当have/has表示“开会”；“吃饭”；“拥有（好时光）”等意思时，用作行为动词。3. I have already received some Christmas cards from my friends. (改为一般疑问句)_ you received _ Christmas cards from your friends yet?答案：Have, any解析：本题考查陈述句改为疑问句。陈述句改为疑问句一般有三种情况：一是改为一般疑问句，二是改为反意疑问句。三是改成特殊疑问句即划线提问。如:1). The students had learned about 1,000 English words by the end of last term. （改为一般疑问句） Had the students learned about 1,000 English words by the end of last term?2). The twins have never been to the Summer Palace, have they? （完成反意疑问句）4. Jack hardly knows anything about the car accident. (改为反意疑问句)Jack hardly knows anything about the car accident, _ _? 答案：does, he解析：本题考查陈述句改为疑问句。改反义疑问句应注意，若句子的主要部分用肯定，附加部分用否定，反之则相反。但要注意前句表示否定意义的副词如：hardly, never, seldom, little, few等，这时反义疑问句要用肯定形式。若祈使句的反义疑问句，仅Lets句型用shall we，其他都用will you. 例如 Lets go to the exhibition this afternoon.（改为反义疑问句）Lets go to the exhibition this afternoon， shall we ？5. The children spent fifty per cent of their savings on books. (对划线部分提问)_ _ did the children spend on books?答案：How, much解析：对划线部分提问，就是用一个合适的疑问词去替代句中的某一成分，使之成为一个特殊疑问句。当对主语或主语的定语提问时，用陈述句语序。对定语提问时，所修饰的名词应放在疑问词后。对其他成分提问，用“疑问词+一般疑问句语序”。如：1. Tom will be back in ten days. （对划线部分提问） Who will be back in ten days?2. He writes to his father once a month. （对划线部分提问） How often does he write to his father?6. The photo near the door is the best.(就划线部分提问)_ _ is the best?答案：Which photo解析：本句用Which photo,因为near the door 用作定语修饰名词 photo, 容易误认为near the door 是地点而用错 where。注意：对定语提问时，所修饰的名词应放在疑问词后。7. The doctor saved the sick baby in the end. (改为被动语态)The sick baby _ _ in the end.答案：was, saved解析：本题考查主动语态与被动语态之间转换，特别要注意时态、情态动词的用法。如：1). People grow rice in the south of China. Rice _is_ _grown _ in the south of China. rice作主语，助动词用一般现在时的单数形式is。2). Everyone should give back his library books on time. Library books should _be_ _given_ back on time.被动句中含有情态动词should，因此助动词用be。8. The fish will go bad, so youd better put it in the fridge. (保持原句意思不变)The fish will go bad _ you _ put it in the fridge.答案：if, dont解析：考查条件复合句。要熟悉“保持句意”的改写，如简单句和复合句的转换，两句并一句，形容词，副词比较等句型，不用句型的转换，词语的不同搭配。请看下面的例句和分析：1). It was eleven oclock when he finished his homework last night.He finish his homework it was eleven oclock.本句是改为not until 句型，用didnt, until.2). He is the tallest in his class.No one in his class is as as he.本句是最高级句型改为原等级句型，用else, tall.3). He didnt make as many mistakes in his homework as you.He mistakes in his homework you.本句是 as(so)as 句型改为用带than的句型，用made fewerthan. mistakes 是可数名词，别误用修饰不可数名词的less。4). These stamps belong to my elder brother.These stamps are elder .原句中的belong to 改为are ，动词转换，用法不同，应用brothers.5). The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.The box isnt for me to carry.本句是复合句改为简单句，且否定结构的位置有变化，需要用heavy的反义词，故用light enough,误用成tooto结构。6). The question is very difficult. No one can answer it.The question is difficult answer.本句为两句合并成一句，原句有否定意义，应用toofor anyone to,别误用成so that anybody can. 如answer后it,才可用sothat结构，因tooto结构句子是简单句，而so.that是复合句。英语中考改写句子题目中，一般每句填写两个词，很少有上面一些例句中填写一个或三个词的题目。7). She was so weak that she couldnt take care of her baby. She was _ weak _ take care of her baby. 本句为tooto结构。原句意思是：她身体太弱，不能照顾孩子。tooto 句型表示“太以致于(不能)”之意。8). The film began 20 minutes ago. The film has been _ _ 20 minutes. 本句考查涉及针对一般过去时与现在完成时两种时态间的转换，应特别注意非延续性动词的用法。答案on for。短暂动词begin，在此意为“(电影) 开始(放映、上演) ”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将begin 改成be on。has been提示时态是现在完成时态， “for+时间段” 表示“持续(一段时间) ”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。类似的词转换有：die/ be dead; leave/be away; join/be in/be a member for；buy/have had; borrow/have kept等。9. “Will you go home tomorrow?” the mother asked her son. (保持句意不变)The mother asked her son _ he _go home the next day. 答案：whether/if; would解析：直接引语转换成间接引语时，如果直接引语是一般疑问句时，连接词要用if或whether，句子保持陈述句的语序。10. Mr. Smith wanted to know where he could get the information. (改成简单句)Mr. Smith wanted to know _ _ get the information. 答案：where to解析：考查不定式与特殊疑问词what, when, where, how, which, whether连用构成不定式复合结构，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。11. Tom had no time for breakfast. He went to school in a hurry. Tom _ to school _ breakfast.答案：hurried; without。介词without有“没有，不(带) ”之意。解析：考查利用反义词或用同义词（同义词组）对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，主要考查学生对反义词、词组的积累和换位思维的能力。注意替换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如：1). The boy lent a story-book to Tom just now.Tom _ a story-book _ the boy just now.答案：borrowed; from。borrowfrom意为“从借来”；而lendto意为“向借出”，两个词组正好为一组反义词组，当句子的主语变化时，两个词组可以进行互换。2）. The factory is not far from here. It only takes you ten minutes by bike.The factory is _here. Its only ten minutes_.答案：near; bike-ride。not far的意思是“不远，近”，可用形容词near与之转换。3）. I think music is less interesting than P.E. I _think music is _interesting than P.E.答案：dont; more。less interesting的意思是“没有 / 不及有趣”，与之相反more interesting的意思是“(比) 更有趣”。 语言现象“否定的转移”要求将think后面宾语从句中的否定形式转移到think 上。4). The bike under the tree is different from this one.The bike under the tree isnt the _ _this one.答案：same as。the same as意为“与相同”，而反义词组 be different from 意为“与不同”。 5). Mrs Green always takes good care of the children in the school. Mrs Green always _ _ the children well in the school.答案：looks after。take good care of 与look afterwell都有“好好照顾”之意。6). I like Backstreet Boys. But he likes F4 better.He_ F4_ Backstreet Boys.答案:prefers, to。词组prefer A to B 意为“选择A(而不选择B)；比起 B 来，更喜欢A”。7). They enjoyed themselves at the garden party. They _ _ _ _ at the garden party. 答案：had a good time。enjoy oneself同have a good time都有“玩得很高兴，愉快”之意。 12. Lucy cant sing the English song Yesterday Once More. And Lily cant sing it, either. （保持句意不变）_ Lucy_ Lily can sing the English song Yesterday Once More. 答案：Neither; nor。表示 “(两者) 都不”。 解析：考查利用连词改写句子。运用关联连词(组) both.and, neither.nor, either.or, not only.but also, as well as等，可将并列句或两个句子合并为一个简单句，注意neither.nor, either.or, not only.but also作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，与最邻近的那个名词或代词保持数的一致。如：1). Alice has seen the film twice. Sandy has seen it twice, too. _ Alice_ Sandy have seen the film twice.答案: Both; and。bothand 表示“(两者)都”。2). This store sells mens shoes, and it also sells mens clothes. This store sells _ _ mens shoes _ _ mens clothes.答案: not only; but also。not only.but also示“不仅而且”之意。近几年上海英语中考句型转换归类真题：A. 改成反义疑问句1. They could hardly believe the news.They could hardly believe the news, ？2. Mary bought some shampoo in the supermarket.Mary bought some shampoo in the supermarket. ?3. Tom didnt take part in the after-school activity yesterday.Tom didnt take part in the after-school activity yesterday, ?66. Lets take a picture in front of the fountain.(2009) Lets take a picture in front of the fountain, ？答案：1. could they 2. didnt she 3. did he shall we B. 改成一般疑问句1. I enjoy individual sports._you _ individual sports?2. We do eye exercise every day. _ you eye exercise every day?3. Every Monday morning Mr. Johnson has a meeting._ Mr. Johnson _ a meeting every Monday morning?4. He set the alarm clock for seven. _he the alarm clock for seven?5. Alan often does housework after school._ Alan often housework after school?6. They work on the farm with their parents every weekend.(2009) they on the farm with their parents every weekend?7. Your mother has never tried shopping on the Internet. (2010)Your mother has never tried shopping on the Internet, _ _?8. Peter often helps in the house at the weekend. (2010)_ Peter often _ in the house at the weekend?答案：1. Do enjoy 2. Do do 3. Does have 4. Did set 5. Does do 6. Do work 7. does she 8. Does help C. 改成否定句：1. The captain worked at the South Pole last year.The captain _ _ at the South Pole last year.2. Alice attends the lecture once a week.Alice _ _the lecture once a week.3. Peter collected some old coins two years ago.Peter _ collect _ old coins two years ago.4. Youd better go to see him off at the railway station.Youd better _ _ to see him off at the railway station.5. The old man realized that too much salt was harmful to health. The old man _ _ that too much salt was harmful to health.6. Sam wants to look for a job in London after he graduates from university. Sam _ _ to look for a job in London after he graduates from university.7. Tell Harry the news when you see him, please._ _ Harry the news when you see him, please.8. We keep in touch with each other by email. (2011)We _ _ in touch with each other by email.答案：1. didnt work 2. doesnt attend 3. didnt any 4. not go 5. didnt realize 6. doesnt want 7. Dont tell dont keepD. 改为感叹句。1. Your dormitory is very bright._ _ your dormitory is!2. Nanjing Road Walkway looks very beautiful at night!_ _ Nanjing Road Walkway looks at night!3. It is very convenient to travel by underground!_ _ it is to travel by underground!4. Yao Ming is an excellent Chinese basketball player._ _ excellent Chinese basketball player Yao Ming is!67. The beach is a nice place for tourists. (2011)_ _ nice place the beach is for tourists!答案：1. How bright 2. How beautiful 3. How convenient 4. What anWhat aE. 对划线部分提问。1. I was born in 1980.(95)_ _ you born?2.The teacher had a meeting yesterday.(96)_ _ the teachers have a meeting?3.The postage is three yuan and six jiao.(97)_ _is the postage?4.We had learned six pop songs by the end of last week.(98)_ _ pop songs had you learned by the end of last week?5. He went to the hospital to have a check on eyesight.(99)_ _ he go to the hospital?6. We have a class meeting once a week.(00)_ _ do you have a class meeting?7. At the age of five, Martin weighed 25 kilos.(02)_ _ did Martin weigh at the age of five?8. He lost the key to his bike on his way to the lecture.(03)_ did he _ on his way to the lecture?9. The American spacecraft Galileo travelled and worked in space for 14 years.（04）_ _did the American spacecraft Galileo travel and work in space?10. London held the first World Expo in 1851. (05)_ did London _ the first Word Expo?11. The students projects will be on show in three days. (06)_ _ will the students projects be on show ?12. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have already been to China twice.（07） _ _ times have Mr. and Mrs. Brown been to China?13. Mr Smith has taught in our school for three years.(08)_ _ has Mr Smith taught in our school?14. The Shanghai International Arts Festival is held once a year.(2009) is the Shanghai International Arts Festival held?15.We used to stay in a hotel by the sea on family holidays. (2010)_ _ you use to stay on family holidays?16. Our school organizes an English speech contest once a year. (2011)_ _ does your school organize an English speech contest?答案：1. When were 2. When did 3. How much 4. How many 5. Why did 6. How often 7. How much 8. What lose 9. How long 10. When hold 11. How soon 12. How often 13. How long 14. How often 15. Where did 16. How oftenF. 改为被动语态。1. They took the wounded soldier to the field hospital.(95)The wounded soldier _ _ to the field hospital.2. We can store a lot of information in the computer.(96)A lot of information _ _ stored in the computer.3. Where did they grow vegetables?（00）Where _ vegetables _?4. We must keep the noise under 50 dbs(分贝)here. ( 02)The noise must _ _ under 50 dbs here,5. We publish our school newspaper twice a month. (05)Our school newspaper _ _ twice a month.6. The terrible earthquake destroyed thousands of houses in that area. （08）Thousands of houses in that area _ _ by the terrible earthquake.69. The university will invite many graduates to celebrate its 100th birthday. (2011)Many graduates will _ _ by the university to celebrate its 100th birthday.答案：1. was taken 2. can be 3. were grown 4. be kept 5. is published 6. were destroyed be invitedG. 改为简单句：1. I dont know when we shall leave for Nanjing.(00)I dont know when _ _ for Nanjing.2. The water was so dirty that we couldnt drink it. (01)The water was_ dirty for us _drink.3. The poor child was so lucky that she received many books from Project Hope. (05)The poor child was _ _ to receive many books from Project Hope.4. Can you tell me when I should water the flowers ? (06)Can you tell me _ _ water the flowers?5. I have no idea how I can operate the new machine. (2009) I have no idea operate the new machine.6.Visitors love this city because it has historical sights and delicious food. (2010Visitors love this city _ _ its historical sights and delicious food.答案：1. to leave 2. too to 3. lucky enough 4. when to 5. how to 6. because of H. 改为复合句：1. The words on the notice board are very small.I cant see them clearly.(97)The words on the notice board are_ small _ I cant see them clearly.答案：so that I. 合并为一句。1. Tim doesnt collect coins. Jack doesnt collect coins, either.(95)Neither Tim _ Jack _ coins.2. She is tall and thin. She has long hair. (01)She is _ tall and thin girl _long hair.3. Betty likes taking a bus to work. She likes taking an underground to work better.(05)Betty _ taking an underground _ taking a bus to work.4. Will Bob join the swimming club? Please tell me.（07）Please tell me _ Bob _ join the swimming.5. He was very nervous. He couldnt go on with the job interview.(2009) He was nervous go on with the job interview.6.Chris has gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup.Karen has gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup, too. (2010)_ Chris _ Karen have gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup.7. Are there any new markets in Asia? The sales manager wants to know. (2011)The sales manager wants to know _ there _ any new markets in Asia.答案：1. nor collects 2. a with 3. prefers to 4. if/whether will5. too to 6. Both and 7. If/whether areJ. 保持原句意思。1. The boy was too frightened to say a word.(95)The boy was _ frightened _ he couldnt say a word. 2. Mrs. Smith prefers milk to coffee.(96)Mrs. Smith likes milk _ _ coffee.3. The motorcycle is Mr. Clarks.(96)The motorcycle _ _ Mr. Clark.4. How is the weather today?(97)_ the weather _today?5. Our foreign teacher will go back home tomorrow. Well say goodbye to him at the airport.(98)Our foreign teacher will go back home tomorrow. Well _ him _at the airport.6. In some states of America, children must stay in school until they are sixteen.(98)In some states of America, children _ _ school until they are sixteen.7. Aunt Li asked me to take care of her little son while she was out.(99)I was asked to _ _ Aunt Lis little son while she was out.8. Mrs. White told Tom that he mustnt throw paper on the ground.(99)Mrs. White told Tom _ _throw pap