将下列句子变为被动语态

语态是动词的一种形式 表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行 者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 只有及物动词才能用于被动语态 一 被动语态的时态 1 一般现在时的被动语态 am is are 动词的过去分词 2 一般过去时的被动语态 was were 动词的过去分词 3 一般将来时的被动语态 will be 动词的过去分词 4 现在进行时的被动语态 am is are being 动词的过去分词 5 现在完成时的被动语态 have has been 动词的过去分词 6 情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 be 动词的过去分词 二 被动语态的基本用法 1 需要强调动作的承受者时 The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world English is widely spoken in the world now 2 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时 Mr Wang is invited to the meeting today The problem is dealt with now 3 当说话人需要强调客观时 It is said that she was a beauty when she was young 三 主动主动语态变被动语态的变法 口诀 宾变主 主变宾 谓变 be done 时不变 数格必须随被变 注 1 主动 被动的时态要一致 2 主动 被动的句式要一致 3 变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致 语态转换不被动语态的步骤 1 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语 2 把动词改为被动语态形式即 be 过去分词 3 原来主动语态句子中的主语 如果需要就放在 by 的后面以它的宾格形式出现 因为 by 是 介词 后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语 以指明做事的人或物 如果没有必要 可以省略 4 其它成分不变 5 被动语态中 by 宾语 的省略 被动语态句式中的 by 宾语 表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者 但是在遇到以下情况时 表 示动作执行者 by 宾语 常常被省略 1 动作执行者不确定时 Paper is made from wood Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year 2 不必表明动作执行者时 English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languages Football is played in most schools 3 动作执行者为一般大众时 Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area 一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式 1 肯定式 主语 was were 过去分词 by It was made in Beijing Ren ai Education Institute 2 否定式 主语 was were not 过去分词 by She was not given a paniting by him This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday 3 一般疑问句 Was Were 主语 过去分词 by Was it made of bamboo 4 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 was were 过去分词 by What was is made of 教你一招 如果句子为一般现在时 主动语态用 do does 被动语态用 is am are 如果句子为一般过去时 主动语态用 did 被动语态用 was were 由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式 1 肯定式 主语 情态动词 be 过去 Water can be changed into ice She ought to tidy up her bedroom Her bedroom ought to be tidied up You should buy a dictionary at once A dictionary should be bought at once by you 2 否定式 主语 情态动词 not be 过去分词 by You must not take out any books Any books mustn t be taken out by you They needn t look after the little child The little child needn t be looked after by them 3 疑问句 情态动词 主语 be 过去分词 by Can you use it Can it be used 常见的情态动词有 can may ought to must dare need should 主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况 1 当宾语是反身代词时 The man introduced himself as Mr Parker 2 当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时 Does the pair of new shoes suit you We will have a meeting 四 特殊情况的被动语态 1 带双宾语的被动语态 动词 sb 间宾 sth 直宾 口诀 如遇双宾语 一般变间宾 若把直宾变 to for 间宾连 1 give pass show 与介词 to 搭配 give sb sth sb be given sth 或 sth be given to sb 2 buy make cook 与介词 for 搭配 buy sb sth sb be bought sth 或 sth be bought for sb He gave me a book I a book by him A book me by him My mother made me a cake I a cake by my mother A cake me by my mother 2 带省 to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态 动词 sb do sth 口诀 感使动词真叫怪 to 来 to 去记心怀 主动语态 to 离去被动语态 to 回来 动词 make let have see hear feel watch make sb do sth sb be made to do sth The boss made the workers work all day The workers work all day by the boss 3 see hear notice keep sb doing sth 句型中变被动语态时 doing 不变 I heard Tom singing just now Tom by me just now 4 以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时 不可丢掉后面的介词或副词 We should take care of the old The old should 五 注意事项 1 有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态 last have own belong to suit fine 2 不及物动词是没有被动语态 happen take place appear hold 容纳 3 系动词是没有被动语态 Look feel sound smell taste The dish tastes good 4 有些词组没有被动语态 sell well write well ride well drive well This kind of skirt sells well 5 need 表示需要时 后面常接 doing 形式表示被动意义 相当于 to be done All the computers need repairing All the computers need 6 在 too to 及 enough to 结构中有时表示被动意义 The problem is too difficult to solve 将下列句子变为被动语态 1 We often sing this song 2 He broke his leg in the match 3 She will sell her house soon 4 He is repairing the machine 5 He has finished his work 6 We call him Lao Wang 7 We must do something to help her 8 What did you say at the meeting 9 He gave me some old magazines 10 He told me to wait at the gate 把下列句子变成被动语态 1 We found some jewels in a box 2 The teacher is keeping the pupils at school for a revision 3 James has left a parcel for you 4 You must finish the article before Friday 5 They will not paint the house again next year 6 They promised Mary a new doll for her birthday 7 I have told the children many times not to skate on the pond 8 Where did he translate the story 9 We had to repair our TV set 10 Do they take good care of the sick 11 They company has paid the workers very handsome wages 12 They showed me the room where they lived 被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式 用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系 英语的语态共有两种 主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承 受者 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式 一般说来 只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被 动语态 汉语往往用 被 受 给 等词来表示被动意义 如 He opened the door 他打开了这扇门 主动语态 The door was opened 这扇门被打开了 被动语态 二 被动语态的构成 被动语态由 助动词 be 及物动词的过去分词 构成 被动语态的时态变化只改变 be 的形式 过去分词部分不变 疑问式和否定式的变化也如此 1 被动语态的时态较常见的八种 现以动词 clean 为例列表说明 2 被动语态的句式变化 以一般现在时和动词 invite 为例 列表说明被动语态的句式变化 3 含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词的被动语态结构为 情态动词 be 过去分词 其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成 be 过去分词 部分不变 如 Tables can be made of stone 桌子可由石头制造 Tables could be made of stone at that time 那时桌子可由石头制造 一 般过去时 Can tables be made of stone 桌子能用石头制造吗 疑问句 三 被动语态的用法 1 不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时 如 The bridge was built last year 这座桥是去年建造的 He was elected chairman 他被选为主席 2 当更加强调动作的承受者时 此时动作的执行者由 by 引导置于谓语动词之后 不 需要时可以省略 如 The room hasn t been cleaned yet 房间还没有打扫 The tiger was killed by him 老虎被他杀死了 3 当动作的执行者不是人时 多用被动语态 如 The window was blown by wind 窗户被风吹开了 The whole village has been washed away by the flood 整个村庄都被洪水 冲走了 4 表示客观的说明常用 It is 过去分词 句型 如 It is said that Lucy has gone abroad 据说露茜已经出国了 It is believed that he is a spy He is believed to be a spy 大家相信他 是个间谍 其它常见的 It is 过去分词 that 句型还有 It is reported that 据报道 It is said that 据说 It is believed that 大家相信 It is suggested that 有人建议 四 主动语态变为被动语态 转换图示 1 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤 1 将主动句的宾语变为主语 注意 如果主动句的宾语是代词 需将其由宾格变为主格 如 Tom killed him He was killed by Tom 2 将动词改为 be 过去分词 注意 They held a meeting yesterday A meeting was held by them yesterday 他们昨天开会了 3 将主动语态的主语改为 by 放在谓语动词后 注意 如果原主语是代词 则应由主格变为宾格 如 He sang a song A song was sung by him 2 主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项 1 主动句中的主语如果是 people we you they somebody 等含糊地表示 人们 大家 的单词 变为被动句时 通常删去 by 但原主语被强调 时除外 如 They set up this hospital in 1975 This hospital was set up in 1975 这所医院建于 1975 年 Only he can finish the job 只有他能完成这项工作 The job can be finished only by him 这项工作只能由他来完成 2 含有双宾语 即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子 每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语 即其被动语态有两种形式 但多以间接宾语作主语 如 Jack told us the truth 杰克告诉了我们真相 We were told the truth by Jack The truth was told to us by Jack 五 动词的主动形式表示被动之意 以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词 如 look feel smell 等 下列动词没有被动式 happen cost have 如 An accident was happened yesterday 昨天发生了一起事故 An accident happened yesterday The flower smells sweet 这花闻起来很香 The watch looks good 这表看起来很好 This book sells well 这本书畅销 六 各种时态的被动语态举例 以动词 do 为例 1 一般现在时 am is are done 如 English is spoken by lots of people in the world 世界上的许多人都说英语 Class meeting is held every Thursday 每周四都举行班会 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day 学生们每天都打扫教 室 2 一般过去时 was were done 如 The cup was broken by the boy 杯子被那个男孩打碎了 He was saved at last 他最终获救了 My bike was stolen 我的自行车被偷了 3 一般将来时与过去将来时 will shall be done would should be done 如 A speech will be given this afternoon 今天下午有一个演讲 A new road will be built next year 明年要修一条新马路 I thought thousands of people would be helped 我认为将有数千人得到帮 助 4 现在进行时与过去进行时 am is are being done was were being done 如 The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday 昨天这时 机器正 在被修理 The problem is being discussed now 问题正在被讨论 A bus is being pushed by the passengers 路人正在推一辆公共汽车 5 现在完成时 have has been done 如 Two hundred trees have been planted by now 到现在为止 已经种了二百 棵树了 The book has been read many times by me 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了 Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict 在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害 6 过去完成时 had been done 如 They said they had been invited to the party 他们说他们已经被邀请参加晚 会了 She found the house had been destroyed by the storm 她发现房子已经被 暴风雨摧毁 He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了 被动语态专项练习 单项选择 1 Good books again and again A should be readed B should be read C must read D ought to read 2 The children by the nurse A were looked B looked after C were looked after D looked 3 He some pieces of advice but he to them A gave didn t listen B was given wasn t listened C give wasn t listened D was given didn t listen 4 When the accident A was happen B did happen C is happen D was happened 5 The question by us soon A is going to discuss B will discuss C is going to be discussed D has been discussed 6 The lab about five years ago A was builded B was built C builds D has been built 7 A lot of tall buildings in his hometown in the last three years A have set up B have been set up C were set up D set up 8 They printing 500 copies by the end of last month A had finished B have finished C had been finished D have been finished 9 Rice also in their hometown A is grown B is grew C was grew D was grown 10 He by the teachers A is always praised B praises C have been praised D always is praised 11 Great changes place Many new schools A have taken have been opened B take are open C are taken open D have been taken are opened 12 The picture in October 1996 A was taking B had been taken C was taken D had taken 13 We can t use the bridge now because it A has been repaired B is repairing C is repaired D is being repaired 14 I the way to the railway station by a policeman A was shown B showed C have shown D was showing 15 The war in 1941 A broke out B had been broken out C was broken out D had broken out 16 When water it will be changed into vapour A is heated B heating C has heated D heats 17 We can t enter the room because its door A locked B locks C is locked D is locking 18 They day and night A are made work B are made to work C made to be worked D are making to work 19 Chang an Road is of people A filled B fill C full D fulled 20 Man made satellites into space by many countries A was sent up B is sent up C have been sent up D has been sent up 21 This English song often by the children A is singing B is sung C will sing D was sung 22 The windows of our house once a week A must clean B have cleaned C is cleaned D are cleaned 23 When the People s Republic of China A was found B was founded C did found D does found 24 Mary s radio by my brother just now A will be mended B has mended C was mended D mended 25 Your exercise books after class A will hand in B must hand in C handed in D must be handed in 26 Some trees may at other times of the year A be planted B plant C are planted D will be planted 27 The sun at night as usual A can be seen B can t see C can t be seen D doesn t see 28 A new English play there next week A will put on B will be put on C is going to put on D will be putted on 29 A strange thing in our school yesterday A was happened B has been happene