8A第三单元知识点归纳.doc

第三单元知识点归纳单词:我自己开始景色最后地我们自己长途汽车美支持你自己交通美丽的票你们自己模型日出、授予它自己金属日落奖牌他自己在里面可能的获胜者她自己在外面岩石得到他们自己兴趣捉迷藏观点问候整个的想知道事实总统真的登山者代替街区忠实的幸运糟糕地外国的英特网幸运的机场外国人主要的幸运地短途汽车市、城市胃决赛词组或短语序号ChineseEnglish1外出一天a day out2有一座大花园的美丽建筑物3需要锻炼need to exercise 4保持健康keep fit / healthy 5乘船进行一次旅行take a boat trip = have a trip by boat6在河边by the river 7美国总统the President of the USA 8白宫the White House 9一次去(地方)的旅行a trip to . 10世界公园the World Park 11参加活动Join sb (in doing sth )join in （主要用于小型活动）= take part in(主要用于大型活动)12起初；在开始in the beginning = at first最后in the end = at last = finally13在的开始at the beginning of在的末尾at the end of14在学校大门口at the school gate 15感到恶心feel sick 16交通拥挤a lot of / much / lots of traffic 17上.车 (公共汽车，火车等)get on .下.车get off .18到达arrive at / in = get to = reach 19不再notany more = no more不再notany longer = no longer20名胜古迹places of (great) interest a place of (great) interest21遍及全世界all over the world 22变得兴奋Be /become excited at sth /to do sth23自学某事teach oneself sth. = learn sth. by oneself（我）自学英语teach myself English = learn English by myself24制作主页make a home page 25制定的清单make a list of.26由制成（看出材料）be made of 由.制成（看不出材料）be made from 27亲自for oneself = oneself 28看一看take a look at = have a look at = look at29回来return = come/go back归还return = give back30欣赏精彩的北京京剧enjoy wonderful Beijing opera 31红色枫叶the red maple leaves 32沿着湖慢慢的散步walk slowly around the lake 33感受老公园的美feel the beauty of the old park 34呆在家stay at home = stay home35了解更多关于.learn /know more about.36在下半场in the second half37去骑马go horse riding 38拍.的照片take photos of 39有了你的支持/在你的支持下with your support 40每人10元10 yuan per person41写下，记下.write .down (代词放中间)42为我们的队喝彩cheer for our team43举行；发生take place = happen44打进决赛go to the final = be in the final45暗自保守秘密keep ones secrets to oneself 46奋力向岩石上爬pull oneself up on the rocks 47玩捉迷藏play hide-and-seek 48伤了自己hurt oneself 49给某人看某物show sth. to sb. = show sb. sth. 50来吧，快点, 加油come on 51在.前面（外部）in front of在.前部（内部）in/at the front of 52人民英雄纪念碑the Monument to the Peoples Heroes53一个接一个地方旅行travel from one place to another54后跟动词不定式的动词plan to do sth./decide to do sth./agree to do sth.choose to do sth./prepare to do sth.want to do sth./hope to do sth./learn to do sth.55收拾我的行李pack my bags1. Kitt的老师Mr Wu 邀请我们参加去世界公园的旅行.2. Kitty学校的旅行乘长途汽车大约要两小时. 3. 艾菲尔铁塔是由金属制成的，而且确实高大。4. 丹尼尔自学如何制作个人网页5. 你需要运动来保持健康。6我想知道西蒙躲在哪里7昨天，我乘船在著名的港湾大桥下浏览，并经过（悉尼）歌剧院。8. 旅途中大部分时候，我和基蒂都晕车，感到难受。9.有来自全世界的一百多处名胜景点。.10.比赛于11月7日星期天在月光镇的南山中学举行。11.我们将使他真正成为让每个人快乐的一天。12.如果你想参加，请尽快告知我们。13.他将照片放在主页上给每个人看看。14.你亲自去看一看。15. 看到来自全世界的这么多名胜真的是有趣。16.谢谢你同意让我参加今天的旅行.17.谢谢你为我保守这个秘密。18.幸运的是，登山者们帮住了 Simon.19.它在面积上是467.000平方米。20.有了你的帮助，我们会赢得21. 我们将乘地铁去北京中心，然后换乘汽车。 22. 我们将一路坐车去故宫博物院。23.请早点起床，否则你地错过早班汽车。24.请早点起床，那么你就会赶上早班汽车。25.我们希望你加入我们26.他同意和我呆在一起而不是去旅行。重点句子及句型：1. Kittys teacher Mr Wu invited me to join in their school trip to the World Park.2. The trip from Kittys school took about two hours by coach. 3. Eiffel is made of metal and really tall. 4. Daniel taught himself how to make a home page. 5.You need to exercise and keep fit. 6I wonder where Simon is hiding. 7Yesterday, I took a boat trip under the famous Harbour Bridge and went past the Opera House. 8. Kitty and I felt sick for most of the trip. 9.There are over a hundred places of interest from all over the world. 10.The match takes place at South Hill School in Moonlight Town on Sunday , 7th November.11.We will make it a really fun day for everyone. 12.If you want to come , please let us know as soon as possible.(= as soon as you can)13.He put his photos on the home page for everyone to look at.14.Go and see for yourself. 15.It was interesting to see so many places of interest from all over the world.16.Thank you for agreeing to let me go on the trip today.17 .Thanks for keeping the secret for me. 18 Luckily, the climbers helped Simon.19.t is 467,000 square metres in area. 20.With your support, we will win.21.We will take the underground to the centre of Beijing and change to the bus .22.We will take the bus all the way to the Palace Museum.23.Please get up early , or you will miss the early bus .24.Please get up early , and you will catch the early bus .25.I hope you can join us .26.He agreed to stay with us instead of going on a trip .语法： 1. 三个连词and ,but, or的用法。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组或从句。常见的并列连词有and，but，or，for，so，both.and.，either.or.，neither.nor，not only.but also.等。1表示平行或对等关系and和both.and.两者都neither.nor.既不也不not only.but(also).不但而且when就在这时，突然Hold on to your dream，and one day it may just come true.坚持你的梦想，总有一天它会实现。Yesterday evening I was playing the piano when the doorbell rang.昨天晚上，当电话铃响的时候我正在弹钢琴。2表示转折关系but但是yet然而while然而while常用来表示前后鲜明的对比3表示选择关系or或者；否则not.but.不是而是either.or.或者或者在并列的否定句中，用or代替and构成完全否定，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词，用and而不用or连接。When you are learning English，use it，or you will lose it.当你学英语的时候，要用它，否则你就会丢了它。The shoes dont fit me.Theyre either big or small.这些鞋不适合我，它们不是大就是小。 2.动词不定式的用法（简介）1不定式的基本形式是to动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。My father asked me not to read in bed.我爸爸告诉我不要在床上读书。2不定式的句法作用动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾补和状语。(1)作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，Itbe形容词(for sb)动词不定式。Its important (for us) to protect environment.(对我们来说)保护环境是很重要的。注：当在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。Its very kind of_you_to_help_me.你帮助我真是太好啦。Its very clever of_you_to_do_like_that.你那样做真是太聪明啦！(2)作宾语He wants to_go_out_with_her.注：一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。Would you like to_see_a_film this evening?在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。I find it easy to_read_English_every_day.我发现每天读英语很容易。(3)宾语补足语动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。Lucy asked him to_turn_down_the_radio.露西要他关小收音机。(4)作定语动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。I have a lot of homework to_do.我有许多家庭作业要做。There is nothing to_worry_about.没什么要担心的。(5)作状语Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to_see_her_daughter.(目的)王太太去上海看她女儿。Were glad to_meet_you here. (原因)我们很高兴在这见到你。He is too tired to_work_on.(结果)他太累了而不能继续工作。今晚想去看电影吗？3不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。They told us not_to_play basketball too long.他们告诉我们不要玩太长时间篮球。Youd better not_go_to_bed late.你最好不要睡觉太晚。4不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。The teacher is telling the students what_to_do.老师正告诉同学们做什么。He didnt know where_to_go. (where to gowhere he should go)他不知道去哪里。 3.反身代词（自身代词）的用法。1.反身代词的基本用法是在句子中作宾语或表语。常用在动词enjoy，teach，help，buy，wash，hurt，be，look after等词后以及一些介词后。如：buy oneself sth.(为自己购置某物)、enjoy oneself(过得愉快)、help oneself to some food(随便吃点食物)、teach oneself(自学)、wash oneself(自己洗澡)、look after oneself(自己照料自己)。2在句子中作主语或宾语的同位语，用来加强语气，表示“亲自，本人”，一般置于被说明的词之后；作主语的同位语时，还可放在句末。Lucy herself told me the news. 露西亲自告诉我这个消息。Youd better ask the teacher yourself. 你最好亲自问问老师。3反身代词有时可作主语或表语。Both my brother and myself enjoy playing football.我哥哥和我都很喜欢踢足球。Sam is not quite himself today. 山姆今天不太舒服。4反身代词不可作定语。如果想表示“属于某人自己的”时，多用“名词of ones own”或“ones own名词”的形式。Children need toys of their own.孩子们需要有自己的玩具。5若宾语与主语指同一个人，则用反身代词作宾语；若宾语与主语不是指同一个人，则用人称代词宾格作宾语。Did she buy herself a new watch?她给自己买了一块新手表吗？Did her father buy her a new book?她父亲给她买了一本新书吗？中考动词不定式考点大盘点动词不定式是各地中考的必测点。其用法灵活，内容繁多。为帮助同学们迅速掌握该知识点，本文试结合近年各地中考试题，对其常见考点作分类盘点，供同学们学习时参考。一、考查动词不定式的基本构成。考点盘点动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，不受人称和数的变化限制，它由“不定式符号（to）动词原形”构成。其否定式常在to 前加not或 never构成，句型 ask/ tell sb. not to do sth.是中考命题的热点。中考题例1The policeman told the little boy _ football in the street. Its dangerous.（2004 哈尔滨）A. not play B. not playing C. not to play D. to play二、考查动词不定式作主语。考点盘点动词不定式作主语时，常用it 作为形式主语，而将不定式后置。如说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可在不定式前加一个for 引导的短语；但如果表语是kind， nice， clever等描述动作执行者的性格、品质的形容词，则应在不定式前加一个 of引导的短语。中考题例2 Its wrong _ not _ her an email. (2004 内蒙古赤峰) A. for you; post B. for me; reading C. of him; sending D. of you; to send 三、考查动词不定式作宾语。考点盘点一些动词，如decide, hope, ask 等，一般只能接动词不定式作宾语。当动词不定式作宾语时，如后接宾语补足语，常用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾补之后，其句型为：主语谓语it宾语补足语动词不定（短语）。中考题例3 What do you think of the man? I find _ difficult to work with him. (2004 江苏泰州) A. him B. me C. it D. that 四、考查动词不定式作定语。考点盘点动词不定式作定语时，与被它修饰的名词有动宾关系。若动词不定式是不及物动词时，则要带上必要的介词，构成及物动词短语。中考题例4 She has no paper_ .（2000 重庆）A. to write B. to write C. writing on D. to write on五、考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。考点盘点有些动词，如teach, want, tell 等可接带to的不定式作宾语补足语，即构成 teach/want/tell sb. to do sth. 结构。 但是，动词不定式作使役动词及感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to 这些动词可归纳为“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, have 和make)，四看(look at, see, watch 和notice)。” ；在help后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无。注意：以上省to的不定式，在被动语态中都必须加上 to ，（但 let不能用于被动语态）。中考题例5 She would not let him _ any housework at all.（2001 宁夏）A. to do B. doC. doing D. does中考题例6 Uncle Wang can make his kite fly higher in the sky.（改为被动语态 2000 盐城）Uncle Wangs kite _ _ _ _ _ higher in the sky by him.中考题例7 Where are the twins? I saw them _ out for a walk just now. (2004 山东济南) A. go B. to go C. gone D. went 六、考查“连接代（副）词动词不定式”结构的用法。考点盘点在英语中有些词，如ask, decide, tell, know等后可接“疑问代（副）词 不定式”作宾语，来对宾语从句进行简化。注意：进行简化的条件是主句中的主语和从句的主语必须是同一人称。中考题例8I cant send an email. Would you please show me _ it?（2004 黑龙江）A. doing B. to do C. what to do D. how to do中考题例9 Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest bus stop?（同义句 2003盐城） Can you tell