2011江苏省怀仁中学高二英语 M5U1 动词不定式教案 牛津译林版

用心 爱心 专心 1 Grammar Grammar 动词不定式动词不定式 一 不定式的五种基本形式一 不定式的五种基本形式 主动被动 一般式to doto be done 完成式to have doneto have been done 进行式to be doing 不定式的否定形式 not to do not to have done not to be doing not to be done not to have been done 不定式的进行式 完成式和被动式 不定式的进行式由不定式的进行式由 toto bebe V ingV ing 构成 用来表示谓语动词动作发生时 不定式的动作正构成 用来表示谓语动词动作发生时 不定式的动作正 在进行 在进行 eg Some students pretended read English when the teacher came in 不定式完成式由不定式完成式由 toto havehave V edV ed 构成 用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 构成 用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 eg Is Bob still performing I m afraid not He is said leave the stage already as he has become an official 不定式的被动式分为一般式被动 to be V ed 和完成式被动 to have been V ed 当不定式 的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时 不定式要用被动语态 eg It is an honour for me invite to the party The book is said translate into many languages All these gifts must be mailed immediately in time for Christmas A in order to have received B in order to receive C so as to be received D so as to be receiving 二二 不定式句法功能不定式句法功能 1 作主语作主语 To find a true friend is difficult 不定式短语作主语时 可以直接放在句首 但在很多情况下 尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中 往往放在谓语之后 而用先行代词 it 作形式主语 It is difficult to find a true friend Is it difficult to find a true friend How difficult it is to find a true friend 不定式作主语常见句型 a It is adj easy important difficult to do sth b It is n a pity a pleasure one s duty a shame to do sth eg It s a pleasure to go shopping at weekends c It takes needs requires some time hours months days patience to do sth eg It requires patience to be a good teacher 2 2 作表语 作表语 用心 爱心 专心 2 当句子的主语是 aim idea policy question suggestion wish task duty job purpose 等或者主语是 what 引导的名词性从句时 后面可以用不定式做表语 用以说明主语 所包含内容 eg Our most important task now is to make a plan 注 作表语的不定式都带 to 但当主语部分有实义动词 do 时 to 可以省略 eg The only thing we can dodo now is wait and see 3 3 作宾语作宾语 The teacher said Remember to bring the book tomorrow a 可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多 常见的有 agree afford tend ask decide determine expect fail hope learn intend manage offer plan promise refuse want wish 等 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时 先用形式宾语 it 代替不定式 把不定式置于补语之后 即 主语 动即 主语 动 词 词 itit 补语 补语 toto dodo 句式句式 常用动词有常用动词有 feel feel think think find find believe believe consider consider makemake 等 等 如 He feels it his duty to help the poor I think it difficult to find a true friend b 不定式一般不作介词的宾语 只有少数介词如 but except 等后面可以跟不定式作宾语 一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带 toto 如果 如果 butbut 或或 exceptexcept 前面有前面有 do do does does did did toto dodo 时 通常省略时 通常省略 toto eg The bus hadn t come We had no choice but to wait We could do nothing but wait 4 4 宾语补足语宾语补足语 在主语 谓语 宾语 宾补句型中 许多动词都可以接不定式作宾语补足语 a 通常作宾语补语的不定式要带 to 常用于以下动词之后 ask tell advise allow permit enable expect force get like order teach want invite wish beg 等 You should get them to help you 在谓语动词 believe find think feel consider suppose imagine prove 等后面跟 to be 作宾补 不跟 to do 有时 to be 可省略 We all believe John to be honest I consider him to be one of the best teachers of No 1 Middle School 但当不定式是完成式时 to 不能省略 如 We consider him to have been foolish b 以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带 to 使役动词 如 let have make 等 感官动词 如 see watch notice look at listen to hear feel 等 Don t let the children trouble you I heard someone open the door 但当这两类动词为被动态时 不定式就成了主补 作主补的不定式必须加上 to His father made him go to bed early He was made to go to bed early by his father 动词不定式省略动词不定式省略 toto 的情况还有 的情况还有 a would rather had better why not do I would rather go swimming 用心 爱心 专心 3 You had better tidy your bedroom Why not visit your cousin in Japan b 当两个动词不定式由 and or except but than rather than 相连接时 通常情况下 第二个 to 要省略 Do you want to go shopping or watch a film I decided to write rather than phone We had nothing to do but watch TV we had no choice but to watch TV 注 一般情况下作介词注 一般情况下作介词 but but exceptexcept 后接后接 toto dodo 但是如果 但是如果 butbut 或或 exceptexcept 前面有前面有 do do does does did did toto dodo 时 通常省略时 通常省略 toto 5 5 作定语作定语 不定式可以在句子充当后置定语 修饰名词 以下几类情况常用不定式作定语 能带不定式作宾语的动词 其同源名词可以带不定式作定语 常见的有 attempt decision promise plan 等 eg He hasn t kept his promise to write to his parents regularly 常与不定式搭配的形容词 其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语 常见的有 ability determination anxiety eagerness 等 eg His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear 序数词 形容词最高级或被 only last next 等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语 She was the only person to survive after the earthquake Tips 不定式在作定语时 有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系 同位关系 动宾关 系 如果该不定式是不及物动词 它后面需要加上适当介词 Eg He s always the first to come and the last to leave 主谓关系 I ve no time to listen to your excuse 同位关系 She has a meeting to attend 动宾关系 attend a meeting There s nothing to worry about 动宾关系 worry about nothing 6 6 作状语作状语 作目的状语 1 I stayed there to see what would happen Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examined by the doctor 2 有时为了强调 不定式前可加 in order 或 so as 如 Bob took down my telephone number so as in order not to forget it 有时为强调目的状语可把 in order to 或不定式置于句首 但但 soso asas toto 不能这样用不能这样用 在这种句式中不定式部分可转换为 so that in order that 成为目的状语从句 如 I stayed there in order so as to see what would happen I stayed there so that in order that I could see what would happen 作原因状语 在部分表示感情色彩的形容词 过去分词或动词之后可接不定式 如 astonished glad happy laugh pleased sad smile sorry surprised 等 We are glad to hear the news I was surprised to see that a three year old baby could write so well 在部分形容词后接不定式 用主动形式表示被动意义 这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻 辑宾语 用心 爱心 专心 4 如 The question raised by the student is difficult to answer The room is really comfortable to live in 常这样用的形容词有常这样用的形容词有 easy easy difficult difficult heavy heavy light light comfortable comfortable fit fit impossibleimpossible 等 等 作结果状语 We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy 不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中 如 so as to such as to I m not so stupid a fool as to put it in writing 我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下 来 I m not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing enough to The boy isn t old enough to go to school The boy is too young to go to school onlyonly toto 用于表示意想不到的结果用于表示意想不到的结果 Jane hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital too to I m too tired to stay up longer 但在下列结构中 too to 并非是 太 而不能 之意 如 I m only too glad to have passed the exam 考试及格我太高兴了 too 修饰 glad to have 相当 于 very We have too much to learn 我们要学的太多了 不定式作定语 4 不定式短语还可作独立成分 用于句首 句中或句末 如 To tell the truth the play was a great disappointment tome 常见的短语有 to be exact 确切地说 to begin with 首先 to do him justice 说句对他公道的话 to be sure 真的 等等 Eg To tell you the truth I dislike you 7 7 作同位语作同位语 eg The order to start the general attack soon came 不定式的复合结构 以 it 为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构 如果其前的形容词是指 行为的性质就用 for sb to do sth 这种复合结构在句中可作主语 表语 宾语 定语 状语等 It is necessary for me to learn English well 如果该形容词是指行为的性质 同时又指行为的人 则用 of sb to do sth 这种句式中 的常用形容词有 right wrong brave careful careless clever wise stupid cruel foolish good honest kind nice silly 等 eg It s very kind of you to come to see me 连接代 副 词 不定式 包括 whether what which whom where when how 不包括 why 在句中起名词的作用 通常跟在诸如 tell know show decide learn wonder explain 等动词后作宾语 也可作主语或表语 eg No one can tell me where to find John When to start the exam is still unknown 用心 爱心 专心 5 The problem is how to get enough money 动词不定式巩固练习动词不定式巩固练习 1 I ve worked with children before so I know what in my new job A expected B to expect C to be expecting D expects 2 late in the morning Bob turned off the alarm A To sleep B Sleeping C Sleep D Having slept 3 One learns a language by making mistakes and them A correct B correcting C corrects D to correct 4 The mother didn t know to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out who when how What 5 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple but it remains whether they will enjoy it to see to be seen seeing Seen 6 It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows it what to do with what to do it with what to do with it to do what with it 7 How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers The key the problem is to meet the demand by the customers A to solving makingB to solving made C to solve makingD to solve made 8 The teacher asked us so much noise A don t make B not makeC not makingD not to make 9 My advisor encouraged a summer course to improve my writing skills A for me takingB me takingC for me to takeD me to take 10 The man insisted a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby A find B to find C on finding D in finding 11 The news reporters hurried to the airport only the film stars had left A to tellB to be toldC tellingD told 12 Having been ill in bed for nearly a month he had a hard time the exam A passB to passC passedD passing 13 If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week better it you ve got some big bills coming A forget B forgot C forgetting D to forget 14 Helen had to shout above the sound of the music A making herself hear B to make herself hear C making herself heard D to make herself heard 15 You were silly not your car A to lockB to have lockedC locking D having locked 用心 爱心 专心 6 16 I don t know whether you happen but I m going to study in the U S A this September A to be heard B to be hearing C to hear D to have heard 17 According to a recent U S survey children spent up to 25 hours a week TV A to watch B to watching C watching D watch 18 The flu is believed by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat A causing B being caused C to be causedD be have caused 19 I m going to the supermarket this afternoon Do you have anything A to be buying B to buy C for buying D bought 20 Victor apologized for to inform me of the change in the plan A his being not able B him not to be able C his not being able D him to be not able 21 It s necessary to be prepared for a job interview the answers ready will be of great help A To have hadB Having hadC Have D Having 22 He glanced over at her that though she was tiny she seemed very well put together A noting B noted C to note D having noted 23 I send you 100 dollars today the rest in a year A follows B followed C to follow D being followed 24 Is Bob still performing I m afraid not He is said the stage already as he has become an official A to have left B to leave C to have been left D to be left 25 I think you ll grow him when you know him better A likingB to be likeC to likeD to be liking 26 While watching television A the doorbell rang B the doorbell rings C we heard the doorbell ring D we heard the doorbell rings 27 It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just a look at the sports stars A had B having C to have D have 28 more about university courses call 920 746 3789 A To find out B Finding out C Find out D Having found out 29 I don t want like I m speaking ill of anybody but the manager s plan is unfair A to sound B to be sounded C sounding D to have sounded 30 Soon they saw the boy in the crowd A disappearB to disappearC disappearsD disappeared 31 Did you notice the little boy away 用心 爱心 专心 7 A took the candy and runB take the candy and run C taking the candy and runD who taking the candy running 32 I heard him so A saysB sayingC sayD said 33 Professor Black had us compositions every Friday A to writeB writtenC writeD writing 34 Mrs Smith made her pupils the text three times a week A reciteB recitedC recitingD to recite 35 She was seen model ships in the room A madeB to makeC makesD make 36 Birds are seldom heard at night A singB singingC to singD to be singing 37 The areoplane was noticed at six A take offB to take offC get offD to get off 38 Mr Crossett was make his teaching because of his poor health and old age A give upB give inC to give upD to give in 39 The book is said into many foreign languages A to have been translatedB to have translated C to be translatingD having been translated 40 The Marquis was thought some terrible wrongs to his tenants A of doing B that he had doneC to have done D to have been done 41 Do you think it difficult a horse A to train jumpingB training for jumping C to train jump D to train to jump 42 My car has broken down Would you help me A to get the car to startB get the car start C to get the car startedD get to start the car 43 He ordered the room A to sweepB to be sweptC should sweepD swept 44 Tell Tom and Jack each other A not quarrelB not to quarrel with C to not quarrel withD they not quarrel 45 He would like them every day A to practice B to practiseC practicingD practicing 46 Are you going to leaving now Unless you would prefer me here A to stayB will stayC that I ll stayD staying 47 What a pity One cannot help sorry for the injured A to feelB oneself to feelC feelingD oneself from feeling 48 Nothing could the boy from the tall building 用心 爱心 专心 8 A prevent