中级阅读课文上海大学.doc

课文整理The Pearl Harbor Speech of Franklin Roosevelt罗斯福 珍珠港事件演说 1Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. 昨天，1941年12月7日必须永远记住这个耻辱的日子美利坚合众国受到了日本帝国海军和空军突然的蓄意的攻击。2The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with the government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. 美国和日本处于和平状态，在日本的恳求下仍在与其政府和天皇进行交涉，以期维护太平洋地区的和平。3Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in Oahu, the Japanese ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to the Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. While this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or armed attack. 。实际上，就在日本空军部队已经着手开始轰炸美国瓦湖岛之后的一小时，日本驻美国大使和同僚还向我们的国务卿提交了对美国最近致日方消息的正式答复。虽然复函声称继续现行外交谈判似已无用，但却并未包含有关战争或武装攻击的威胁或暗示。 4It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace. 历史将会作证，由于夏威夷离日本的距离如此之遥，显然表明这次进攻是经过许多天甚至许多星期精心策划的。在调停期间，日本政府蓄意以表示希望继续和平的虚假声明和说辞来欺骗美国。5The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces.Very many American lives have been lost. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu. 昨天对夏威夷群岛的攻击给美国海陆军部队造成了严重的损害。我遗憾地告诉各位，许多美国人丧失了生命，此外，根据报告，美国船只在旧金山和火奴鲁鲁（檀香山）之间的公海上也遭到了鱼雷袭击。6Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya. 昨天，日本政府已发动了对马来亚的进攻。7Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. 昨晚，日本军队进攻了香港。8Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam. 昨晚，日本军队进攻了关岛。9Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. 昨晚，日本军队进攻了菲律宾群岛。10Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island. 昨晚，日本人进攻了威克岛。11This morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island. 今晨，日本人进攻了中途岛。12Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation. 因此，日本在整个太平洋区域采取了突然的攻势。昨天和今天的事实不言自明。美国的人民已经形成了自己的见解，并且非常清楚这关系到我们国家的安全和生存的本身。 13As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. 作为陆、海军总司令，我已指示，为了我们的防务采取一切措施。14Always will we remember the character of the onslaught against us. 我们将永远记住这次对我们突袭的性质。15No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. 不论要用多长时间才能战胜这场蓄谋已久的侵略，美国人民将一定要以自己的正义力量取得绝对的胜利。16I believe I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us again.我断言，我们不仅会尽最大能力来保卫我们自己，我们还将确保这种背信弃义的行为永远不会再次危及到我们，当我这样断言的时候，我相信我是正确理解了国会和人民的意志。17Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory and our interests are in grave danger. 敌对行动已经存在。无庸讳言，我国人民、我国领土和我国利益都处于严重危险之中。18With confidence in our armed forceswith the unbounding determination of our peoplewe will gain the inevitable triumphso help us God. 怀着对我们军队的信心，依靠我们人民的坚强意志，我们将获得最终的胜利愿上帝帮助我们！19I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire. 我要求国会宣布：自1941年12月7日星期日，日本无端和怯懦的袭击时起，美国和日本帝国之间已处于战争状态。The Farewell Address of Dwight D.Eisenhower艾森豪威尔 告别演说 1.This evening I come to you with a message of leave-taking and farewell, and to share a few final thoughts with you, my countrymen.今天我来的这里想是和你们告别的，我想和你们分享一下我最后的感想。2.Like every other citizen, I wish the new President, and all who will labor with him, Godspeed. I pray that the coming years will be blessed with peace and prosperity for all.像所有的公民一样，我希望新的总统以及和他一起工作的人成功，我祈祷未来几年我们的国家和平繁荣。3.We now stand ten years past the midpoint of a century that has witnessed four major wars among at nations. Three of these involved our own country. Despite these holocausts, America is today the strongest, the most influential, and most productive nation in the world. Understandably proud of this pre-eminence, we yet realize that Americas leadership and prestige depend, not merely upon our unmatched material progress, riches and military strength, but on how we use our power in the interests of world peace and human betterment. 我们现在的日期距本世纪中点已过十年，这个世纪经历了大国之间四次大的战争，我们自己的国家卷入其中三次。尽管发生了这些大规模的战祸，当今美国仍是世界上最强大、最有影响、生产力最高的国家。我们可以理解地为这个卓越成就而自豪，但我们也意识到，美国的领导地位和威信不仅取决于我们举世无双的物质进步、财富和军事力量，而且取决于我们如何为了世界和平与人类进步使用我们的力量。4.Progress toward these noble goals is persistently threatened by the conflict now engulfing the world. It commands our whole attention, absorbs our very beings. We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose, and insidious in method. Unhappily the danger it poses promises to be of indefinite duration. To meet it successfully, there is called for, not so much the emotional and transitory sacrifices of crisis, but rather those which enable us to carry forward steadily, surely, and without complaint the burdens of a prolonged and complex strugglewith liberty the stake. Only thus shall we remain, despite every provocation, on our charted course toward permanent peace and human betterment. 走向这些崇高目标的进程一直受到现在正席卷全球的冲突的威胁。这种冲突迫使我们全神贯注，全力以赴。我们面对一种敌对的意识形态具有世界性规模和无神论性质，目标残忍，手段阴险。不幸的是，它所造成的危险将长期存在。想成功地对付它，所要求的与其说是危急关头感情上短暂的痛苦，不如说是作出牺牲以使我们能坚定踏实、任劳任怨地承担一场长期复杂斗争的重任与自由共存亡。只有这样我们才能战胜一次又一次的挑衅，始终朝着世界持久和平和人类美好未来的方向前进。5.A vital element in keeping the peace is our military establishment. Our arms must be mighty, ready for instant action, so that no potential aggressor may be tempted to risk his own destruction. 我们的军队是维护和平必不可少的要素。我们的武装力量必须强大，随时准备投入行动，以使任何潜在的侵略者都不敢贸然以卵击石。6. Our military organization today bears little relation to that known by any of my predecessors in peacetime, or indeed by the fighting men of World War II or Korea. 我们今天的军事组织与我的任何一位和平时期前任所了解的，与第二次世界大战或朝鲜战争中的军人所了解的军事组织大相径庭。7.Until the latest of our world conflicts, the United States had no armaments industry. American makers of plowshares could, with time and as required, make swords as well. But now we can no longer risk emergency improvisation of national defense. We have been compelled to create a permanent armaments industry of vast proportions. Added to this, three and a half million men and women are directly engaged in the defense establishment. We annually spend on military security alone more than the net income of all United States corporations. 直至最近的一次世界性冲突之前、美国仍没有军事工业。美国的犁铧制造商们在必要时也能制造剑。但是现在我们不能再承担国防方面临阵磨枪的风险；我们已被迫创建一个规模宏大的永久性军备工业。此外，350万男人和妇女直接服务于国防机构。我们每年在军事安全上的开支超过了美国所有的公司的纯收入。8.This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence - economic, political, even spiritual -is felt in every city, every State house, every office of the Federal government. We recognize the imperative need for this development. Yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources, and livelihood are all involved. So is the very structure of our society. 一支庞大的军队和一个大规模军事工业相结合，在美国是史无前例的。它的全部影响经济的、政治的，甚至精神的在每个城市、每座州议会大楼、每一联邦政府机构内都能感觉到。我们承认这种发展绝对必要，但我们不应忽视其重大的影响。它涉及我们的人力、资源、生活，乃至我们社会的结构。9.In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. 在政府各部门，我们必须警惕军事工业联合体取得无法证明是正当的影响力，不论它这样追求与否。极不适当的权力恶性增长的可能性目前已经存在并将继续存在。10.We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted. Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together. 我们决不能让这一联合体的势力危害我们的自由或民主进程。我们不应心存侥幸。只有警觉而明智的美国公民才能强迫知识恰当配合庞大的工业和军事的国防机构与我们和平的手段和目标,以使安全和自由并驾齐驱,同获成功。11.Akin to, and largely responsible for the sweeping changes in our industrial-military posture, has been the technological revolution during recent decades. 近几十年的技术革命与我们的工业军事状况的巨大变化有相似之处，而且对这种巨大变化起了很大作用。12.In this revolution, research has become central, it also becomes more formalized, complex, and costly. A steadily increasing share is conducted for, by, or at the direction of, the Federal government. 在这场技术革命中，研究工作已趋于集中；它也变得更正规，更复杂，更昂贵。为联邦政府而实施，由联邦政府实施，或在联邦政府指导下实施的研究工作份额正逐步增加。13.Today, the solitary inventor, tinkering in his shop, has been overshadowed by task forces of scientists in laboratories and testing fields. In the same fashion, the free university, historically the fountainhead of free ideas and scientific discovery, has experienced a revolution in the conduct of research. Partly because of the huge costs involved, a government contract becomes virtually a substitute for intellectual curiosity. For every old blackboard there are now hundreds of new electronic computers. 如今，孤独的发明者，在他的店里修补，一直笼罩在实验室和测试领域科学家的工作队。以同样的方式，自由的大学，历史上是自由的思想和科学发现的源泉，经历了在研究进行的革命。部分由于涉及的巨额费用，政府合同实际上变成了对知识的好奇心的替代品。对于每一个老黑板现在有数百个新的电子计算机。14.The prospect of domination of the nations scholars by Federal employment, project allocations, and the power of money is ever present - and is gravely to be regarded. 由联邦政府雇用而形成支配全国学者的局面，以及统一分配项目，统一控制财力，这种前景一直存在，而且应当引起严重关注。15.Yet, in holding scientific research and discovery in respect, as we should, we must also be alert to the equal and opposite danger that public policy could itself become the captive of a scientific-technological elite. 我们应该尊重科学研究和探索，但与此同时我们必须对这一同样严重的负面危险保持警惕，即政府政策本身可能成为科技精英的俘虏。16.It is the task of statesmanship to mold, to balance, and to integrate these and other forces, new and old, within the principles of our democratic system ever aiming toward the supreme goals of our free society. 政治家的任务，是在我们民主制度的原则下，塑造、平衡和融合这些和其它新旧力量始终以实现我们自由社会的最高目标为目的。17.Another factor in maintaining balance involves the element of time. As we peer into societys future, we - you and I, and our government - must avoid the impulse to live only for today, plundering for,for our own ease and convenience,the precious resources of tomorrow. We cannot mortgage the material assets of our grandchildren without asking the loss also of their political and spiritual heritage. We want democracy to survive for all generations to come, not to become the insolvent phantom of tomorrow. 另一个保持平衡的因素涉及时间这一要素。当我们展望社会的未来时，我们你、我和我国政府必须避免那种只顾活在当下的冲动，不应为了我们自己的舒适和便利巧取豪夺明天的宝贵资源。我们不可能以我们后代的物质财富作抵押，使我们的后代丧失他们的政治和精神遗产。我们要让民主代代相传，而不是让它成为明天无力还债的鬼魂。18.Down the long lane of the history yet to be written, America knows that this world of ours, ever growing smaller, must avoid becoming a community of dreadful fear and hate, and be, instead, a proud confederation of mutual trust and respect. 展望有待书写的未来历史长卷，美国深知我们这个越来越小的世界决不应变成一个充满恐惧和仇恨的可怕社会，相反，它应成为一个相互信任和相互尊重的自豪联盟。 Ronald Reagans Address on the Space Shuttle “Challenger”里根 “挑战者”航天飞机演说1.Ladies and Gentlemen, Id planned to speak to you tonight to report on the state of the Union, but the events of earlier today have led me to change those plans. Today is a day for mourning and remembering. Nancy and I are pained to the core by the tragedy of the shuttle Challenger. We know we share this pain with all of the people of our country. This is truly a national loss. 女士们先生们：本来，我打算今天晚上向你们宣读国情咨文，但今天早些时候发生的事件让我改变了计划。今天是哀悼和怀念的日子。南希和我为“挑战者号”航天飞机的悲剧感到至为痛心。我们知道全体国人人同此心。这真正是全国人的损失。2.Nineteen years ago, almost to the day, we lost three astronauts in a terrible accident on the ground. But weve never lost an astronaut in flight. Weve never had a tragedy like this. And perhaps weve forgotten the courage it took for the crew of the shuttle. But they, the Challenger Seven, were aware of the dangers, but overcame them and did their jobs brilliantly. We mourn seven heroes: Michael Smith, Dick Scobee, Judith Resnik, Ronald McNair, Ellison Onizuka, Gregory Jarvis, and Christa McAuliffe. We mourn their loss as a nation together. 十九年前，几乎就在今天，在一次可怕的地面事故中，我们丧失了三名宇航员。然而我们从未在飞行中丧失过宇航员，从未经历过这样的灾难。也许我们已经忘记，航天飞机机组人员需要多么大的勇气；但是挑战者七壮士深知其中的危险，他们坚忍不拔，出色地履行了自己的职责。我们悼念七位英雄：迈克尔史密斯、迪克斯科比、朱迪恩伦斯尼克、罗纳德卖克奈尔、埃利森奥尼祖卡、格雷戈里贾维斯、克丽斯塔麦考利夫。我们举国哀悼失去的英雄。3.For the families of the seven, we cannot bear, as you do, the full impact of this tragedy. But we feel the loss, and were thinking about you so very much. Your loved ones were daring and brave, and they had that special grace, that special spirit that says, Give me a challenge, and Ill meet it with joy. They had a hunger to explore the universe and discover its truths. They wished to serve, and they did. They served all of us.对于这七个人的家人，我们不能百分之百地像你们那样的感受这一悲剧的巨大冲击。但是我们感受到了损失，我们认为你们一定也是这样。你们的亲人大胆而勇敢，他们的特殊姿态和特殊精神告诉我们：“把挑战给我，我将愉快接受。“他们渴望探索宇宙，发现宇宙的真理。他们希望尽职，他们做到了。他们为我们所有的人尽了职。Weve grown used to wonders in this century. Its hard to dazzle us. But for 25 years the United States space program has been doing just that. Weve grown used to the idea of space, and perhaps we forget that weve only just begun. Were still pioneers. They, the members of the Challenger crew, were pioneers. 我们对本世纪的奇迹已经习以为常了。很难有什么会使我们赞叹不已。但是美国航天计划二十五年来做的正是如此。我们对太空计划已经习以为常，也许已经忘了我们只是刚刚开始。我们仍然是开拓者。他们挑战者号全体机组人员是开拓者。And I want to say something to the schoolchildren of America who were watching the live coverage of the shuttles takeoff. I know its hard to understand, but sometimes painful things like this happen. Its all part of the process of exploration and discovery. Its all part of taking a chance and expanding mans horizons. The future doesnt belong to the fainthearted; it belongs to the brave. The Challenger crew was pulling us into the future, and well continue to follow them.我要对观看航天飞机发射直播的美国学童说几句话。我知道后者难以理解，但有时像这样令人痛苦的事确实会发生。这些都是探索和发现过程的一部分。这些都是承担风险、拓展人类世界范围的一部分。未来不属于弱者，未来属于强者。挑战者号全体人员把我们推向未来，我们将继续追随他们。4.Ive always had great faith in and respect for our space program,and what happened today does nothing to diminish it. We dont hide our space program. We dont keep secrets and cover things up. We do it all up front and in public. Thats the way freedom is, and we wouldnt change it for a minute. 对我们的太空计划，我总是抱着极大的信心，也怀着极大的敬意。今天发生的悲剧决不会削弱它。我们没有保密，也没有掩盖事实。我们堂堂正正地公开实施它。这正是自由的方式，我们一分钟也不会改变它。Well continue our quest in space. There will be more shuttle flights and more shuttle crews and, yes, more volunteers, more civilians, more teachers in space. Nothing ends here; our hopes and our journeys continue. 我们将继续我们的太空探索。我们将有更多次航天飞行，有更多宇航员，更多志愿者，更多平民，更多教师进入太空。一切都不会到此为止。我们的希望和我们的旅程不会停步。I want to add that I wish I could talk to every man and woman who works for NASA, or who worked on this mission and tell them: Your dedication and professionalism have moved and impressed us for decades. And we know of your anguish. We share it. 我还想说，我希望能干跟美国国家航空航天局或者这次航天任务的所有工作人员说话，告诉他们：“几十年来，你们的奉献和敬业精神一直感动着我们，让我们铭记在心。我们了解到你们的痛苦。我们感同身受。”5.Theres a coincidence today. On this day three hundred and ninety years ago, the great explorer Sir Francis Drake died aboard ship off the coast of Panama. In his lifetime the great frontiers were the oceans, and a historian later said, He lived by the sea, died on it, and was buried in it. Well, today, we can say of the Challenger crew: Their dedication was, like Drakes, complete. 今天是一个巧合。三百九十年前的今天，伟大的探险家佛朗西斯德雷克勋爵在巴拿马附近海面的一条船上死去。在他生活的时代，最大的疆界就是海洋。后来一位历史学家说：“他生在海边，死在海上，葬在海里。“今天我们可以这样对挑战者号乘员说：像德雷克一样，他们的奉献是毫无保留的。6.The crew of the space shuttle Challenger honored us by the manner in which they lived their lives. We will never forget them, nor the last time we saw them, this morning, as they prepared for their journey and waved goodbye and slipped the surly bonds of earth to touch the face of God. 挑战者号航天飞机乘员的生命历程给我们带来荣耀，我们永远不会忘记他们，也不会忘记今天早上最后一次见到他们，那时他们正准备上路，挥手告别，“挣脱大地粗暴的束缚，去触摸上帝的脸。”George W.Bushs 9/11 Addredd to the Nation布什911演说1.Good evening.Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. The victims were in airplanes or in their offices. Secretaries, business men and women, military and federal workers,moms and dads. Friends and neighbors.Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror.晚上好。今天，我们的同胞，我们的生活，我们的自由，受到了一系列蓄意的致命的恐怖行为的袭击。许多人在飞机上或者是在他们的办公室中不幸遇难，他们中有秘书，有商人和妇女，有军人和政府工作人员，有父亲和母亲，还有朋友和邻居。数千个生命瞬间就被恐怖分子的卑劣和罪恶的行径吞噬了。2.The pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, huge structures collapsing, have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness and a quiet, unyielding anger. 飞机撞击高楼，浓烟滚滚，高楼倒塌，我们无法相信这一画面，我们心中充满了极度的悲痛和一种无以言表的悲愤。These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat. But they have failed. Our country is strong. 这次集体大屠杀行为目的是为了恐吓我们的国家，使美国陷入混乱和倒退。但他们失败了。我们的国家非常强大。3.A great people has been moved to defend a great nation. Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shattered steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve.我们伟大的人民已经行动起来，勇敢保卫我们伟大的祖国。恐怖主义的袭击能够摧毁我们一些高大的建筑物，但却不能动摇美国的根基。这些恐怖活动击碎了钢铁，但却不能击碎美国人民的钢铁意志。4.America was targeted for attack because were the brightest beacon for freedom and opportunity in the world. And no one will keep that light from