英语主从复合句大全

1 主从复合句主从复合句 主句是主体 从句只是句子的一个成分 换言之 将句子 除谓语外 的各个成分扩展开来就成了从 句 关联词分五类关联词分五类 疑问代词 who whom whose which what 关系代词 who whom whose which that 疑问副词 when where why how 关系副词 when where why 从属连词 that 无词义 whether if although after because before when since as soon as as long as 只有从属连词没有句子功用 即不担任句子成分 只有从属连词没有句子功用 即不担任句子成分 从句分为五类从句分为五类 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 前三项都是名词性从句 句中作用如同名词 一般都不用逗号 所用关联词相同 1 连词 that whether if 2 疑问代词 who what which 3 疑问副词 when where how why 引导间接疑问句 定语从句 状语从句 记住一个句子学会一种句法现象 一 主语从句一 主语从句 subject clause 也可分为三种三种 that 引导的主从 由连接代副词引导的主从 what 和 whoever 等引导的主从 1 由 that 引导的主从 用得最多 that 后面是主语 That she became an artist may have been due to her father s influence 她成为画家可能是受其父亲的 影响 上面句子看着别扭陌生 换成 it 引导的句子就熟悉了 因为一般除强调外都后置而由 it 代替 有五种 形式 1 It be adj that It is natural that they should have different views 2 It be noun that It s a wonder that you are still alive 3 It verb object 宾语 or adverbial 副词 that It seems that you re right It struck me that we ought to make a new plan 我忽然想起我们应该制订一个新计划 It never occurred to me that perhaps she was lying 我从未想到或许她是在说谎 4 It be verb ed that It was rumored It is said that you was suffering from a stone in the kidney 谣传说 据说你得了肾结 石 5 It verb be that No no it couldn t be that they were interested in him 不 不 他们不可能对他有兴趣 口语中 that 可以省略 It was clear that his words pleased her 显然他的话使她高兴 2 由连接代 副词引导的主从 When he ll be back depends much on the weather Who is to be sent there hasn t been decided 2 It s clear enough what he meant 两种结构都能用 但是 it 结构更多 有四种形式 it be adj clause It was not clear to me why he behaved like that 我不太清楚他为什么会这样做 it be noun clause It s a puzzle how life began 生命如何开始是一个谜 it verb object or adverbial clause It doesn t matter much where I live 我住在哪里都没多大关系 it be verb ed clause It is not yet settled whether I am going to American 3 由 what whatever whoever 引导的主从 What will be will be 该发生的事总会发生 红色为从句红色为从句 What is over is over 过去的事就过去了 Whatever my dad did was right 俺爹做的都是对的 Whatever she says goes 一切她说了算 Whoever comes will be welcomed 谁来都欢迎 Whichever you want is yours 你要哪个 哪个就归你 二 宾语从句二 宾语从句 object clause 1 由 that 引导到宾从 有时 that 可省略 I suspected that it was a trick to get our money 我怀疑这是一个骗我们钱的圈套 Who can guarantee that he ll keep his word 谁能保证他会遵守诺言 You can depend upon it I shall be there 先行宾语 现行宾语中间要有逗号 你放心 我会去那里的 I take it they have left for home 我猜想他们已经回家了 2 由连接代词或副词引导宾从 Write me how you got home 写信告诉我你怎能到家的 Only you can decide who the best choice is 只有你能决定谁是最佳人选 I wonder what you call this stuff 我想知道 你管这玩艺叫什么 3 由 whether if 引导的宾从 I m wondering whether you would care to spend the evening with me 不知道你是否愿意跟我们共度今宵 I asked her if I might call and see her 我问她是否可以去看她 4 由关系代词 what 引导的宾从 Show me what you ve bought 把你买的东西给我看看 I could not express what I felt 我无法表达内心的感受 As a friend of yours I want to tell you what I hear 作为你的朋友 我想把听到的事告诉你 5 作介词的宾从 其他从句这样用较少 Don t oke your nose into 探听 what doesn t concern you 别多管闲事 6 whatever whichever whomever 这类词也可引导宾从 I ll just say whatever comes into my head 想到什么就说什么 Buy whichever is cheapest 买最便宜的 3 Give it to whomever you like 你愿意给谁就给谁 三 表语从句三 表语从句 predicative clause 有二类 有二类 1 由 that 引导的表语从句 The fact is that she never liked him 事实是她从未喜欢过他 His only fault is that he lacks ambition 他唯一的缺点是缺乏雄心大志 2 由连接代 副词引导的 由关系代词型的 what 引导的 That s not what I meant 这不是我的意思 The question is who s responsible for what has happened 问题是发生了这事该谁负责 Times aren t what they were 时代不同了 That s what I am here for 这就是我来这里的目的 四 定语从句四 定语从句 attributive clause 没看 没看 1 定从的关联词有二定从的关联词有二 关系代词 在从句中作主 宾 定 who whom whose which that 和关系副词 在从句中作状语 when where why 等 例如 Girl who works in restaurant is called waitress This is Johnson whose wife work at a department store 2 Which 和和 that 的区别的区别 关系代词 which 指物 做主语和宾语 限制性定从中作宾语时可省略 关系代词 that 指物也指人 做主语和宾语 指物时与 which 相同 There are the things that which you need 这些就是你要的东西 A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words 词典是解释词义的书 Who is the person that is working at a computer over there 在计算机上干活的那个人是谁 3 在下列情形下 只能用在下列情形下 只能用 that 1 先行词是 all everything nothing something 有时例外用 which anything little 等不定代词时 Is there anything that I can do for you in town 有什么事我可以在城里代你办吗 That s all that I know 我知道的就是这些 2 先行词为序数词所修饰时 The first thing that I should do is to work out a plan 我该做的第一件事是订个计划 3 先行词为形容词最高级所修饰时 This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen 这是我看过的足球赛中最激烈的一场 4 限制性定从和非限制性定从限制性定从和非限制性定从 意义上可缺否 形式上有无逗号 1 that 引导的定从大多是限制性的引导的定从大多是限制性的 注意 非限制性定从不能使用 that 和关系副词 why 也不能省略任何关系副词 这类从句主要出现在书 面语中 如 This is the best film that I have ever seen Last night I saw a very good film which was about the Anti Japanese War 昨晚我看了一部很棒的电影 是关于抗日战争的 只是补充说明 翻译时多译成并列句 Sunday is a holiday when people do not go to work 礼拜天是假日 这一天人们不上班 2 非限制性定从中 非限制性定从中 which whom 常可以跟常可以跟 of 或其他介词连用或其他介词连用 Mr Smith for whom I was working was very generous about overtime payments 史密斯先生是我的老板 她付超时工资很大方 The buses most of which were already full were surrounded by an angry crowd 4 公共汽车大多都已满载 周围是一大群愤怒的人 My kids both of whom study abroad ring me up saying Hi every week 我的俩孩子都在国外读书 每周给我打来电话问安 3 在限制性定从中 当关系代词在从句中作宾语时 大多可省略 特别是在被修饰的词为 在限制性定从中 当关系代词在从句中作宾语时 大多可省略 特别是在被修饰的词为 all everything 等词时等词时 如 That s the only thing we can do now 这是我们现在唯一能做的事 All you have to do is to fill out this form 你只需要填这张表就行了 关系副词 when 时间状语 where 地点状语 why 原因状语 Do you remember the time when he fell off his bicycle 你记得他从自行车上摔下来的时间吗 The book is on the table where you left it 那书在你拉在那儿的桌子上 I don t know the reason why he was so rude 我不知道他为什么这么无礼 4 注意 有些时间定从并不由 注意 有些时间定从并不由 when 引导 特别在某些句型中引导 特别在某些句型中 Every time the telephone rings he gets nervous 电话铃一响他就紧张 Come any time you like 你随便什么时候来都行 She made me feel at home the moment I arrived 我一到达她就使我感到无拘无束 5 在在 way 后面的定从 不跟关系代词或副词后面的定从 不跟关系代词或副词 That s the way I look at it 这就是我对这事的看法 I did not like the way he eyed me 我不喜欢他瞪着我瞧的样子 6 关系代词 关系代词 which 的先行词 有时是整个主句或部分意思 这时的先行词 有时是整个主句或部分意思 这时 which 的意思相当于的意思相当于 and this They rely on themselves which is much better 他们依靠自己 这样好得多 He drank beer which made him fat 他喝啤酒 这使他发胖 7 Which 有时在定从中作定语有时在定从中作定语 I called him by the wrong name for which mistake I should apologize 我把他的名字叫错了 对此错误我应 道歉 8 定语从句被分词短语代替定语从句被分词短语代替 由 who 或 that which 作主语的限制性定从 有时可以被分词短语代替 更为简练 There are many students who are studying English in this school There are many students studying English in this school 9 一些其他定语从句 一些其他定语从句 as 主要和 such 连用 也可用作关代引导定从 Such money as he earned was spent on spirits 烈性酒 and tobacco 他挣的那点钱都花在烟酒上了 There was a look of fear in his eyes such as people have when they are suddenly awakened 他眼中透出一种 人们突然被叫醒时露出的惊恐情绪 as 可以单独引导定从 He was a foreigner as I knew from his accent 我可以从他的口音中听出他是个外国人 You are a teacher as is clear from your manner 你是位教师 这从你的举止上可以看得很清楚 As was expected he performed the task with success 正像预料的 他成功地完成了任务 10 But 也可用作关系代词来引导定从 意思接近于也可用作关系代词来引导定从 意思接近于 that who not 这种用法已显陈旧 这种用法已显陈旧 There is no tree but bears some fruit 没有不结果的树 There are very few but admire his talents 很少有人不佩服他的才华 5 Surely there isn t a teacher but faces this problem 可以肯定 凡是老师都面临着这个问题 11 Whereby wherein whereupon 也可以引导定从也可以引导定从 They ve set a plan whereby by which you can spread cost over a period 他们定出了一个办法 照此你可以分期付款 He gazed once more around the room wherein in which were assembled his entire family 他再次注目于屋内各处 那里聚集了他全家 I told her she looked fat whereupon upon which she threw the entire contents of a saucepan at me and burst into tears 我告她她看上去胖了 听了这话她把平底锅里的东西都向我泼来 然后便放声大哭 五 状语从句五 状语从句 adverbial clause 状从句修饰动词 形容词和副词等 由从属连词引导 其位于句首时 常用逗号其位于句首时 常用逗号 而放在句末一般不 用 八种状从八种状从 时间 地点 原因 目的 结果 方式 让步 条件 1 时间状语从句时间状语从句 Adverbial Clauses of Time when as 当 一边一边 while 在 期间 after before as soon as since till until whenever 等等 All things are difficult before they are easy 凡事总是先难后易 On and on he went till until he reached the outskirts of the wood 他走啊走啊 直到走到树林边 Once you ve finished go to bed 你一干完就去睡觉 Come and talk to me whenever you feel lonely 感到寂寞时就来和我说说话 注意注意 when as while 的区别 的区别 when 从句动作可以和主句动作从句动作可以和主句动作同时同时发生 也可以发生 也可以先于先于主句动作 主句动作 As 和和 while 都是都是同时同时 It was raining when we arrived 同时发生 When I pressed the button the radio stopped 从句动作先于主句动作 She sang as she worked 同时 边 边 While you were away two persons came to see you 同时 你不在时有两个人找你 注意注意 2 有些时状从句不用连词引导 有些时状从句不用连词引导 He came directly I called 我一叫他就来了 He had no sooner reached the door than he came back 他刚到门口又走了回来 2 地点状从地点状从 of Place where wherever anywhere 例如 We ll go wherever you say 你说到哪 就到哪 You can go anywhere you want 你想去哪就去哪 He was always ready to give help where help was needed where 还可表示处境等 译法灵活还可表示处境等 译法灵活 It s your fault that she is where she is 她今天这样是你的错 Where others are weak he is strong 别人的弱点正是他的优势 Where bees are there is honey 有蜂就有蜜 3 原因状从原因状从 of Reason because for since 既然 now that 既然 as 由于 例如 Maize is also called Indian corn because it was first grown by the American Indians 因为玉米是美洲印第安人首先种植的 所以又叫印第安玉米 回答 why 语气最强 是全句的重心所在 As you make your bed so you must lie on it 你是自作自受 表示较明显原因 常放在主句前面 Since I m here today I saw everything 今天我既然在这 我一切都看见了 跟 as 相似 表示稍加分析后的原因 且多少是对方已知熟悉而不待言的原因 The days are short for it is now December 6 白天短了 因为现在已经是十二月了 跟 because 相似 但 for 只能表示上文未表示的新情况 只能放在句末 Now that you have the chance you had better avail yourself of it 既然你有了机会 你最好利用起来 Please don t try to back out now that everything has been arranged 现在一切都安排好了 请不要打退堂鼓 Now you re here you may make yourself useful 你已经来了 不妨帮帮忙 Considering 专门存在这个词不是派生 he s only just started he knows quite a lot about it 考虑到他才 刚刚开始 他对此已经懂得相当多了 4 目的状从目的状从 Adverbial Clauses of Purpose that 以便 so that 以便 in order that 以便 We have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty 我们作了这样的安排 以便我们总有一人 值班 so that in order that 从句中都常用 may might 但 so that 引导的从句也可用 can could I spoke slowly and in simple English in order that the students might understand what I said I ll show you so you can see how it s done 我将做给你看 以便你知道怎样做 They spoke in whispers lest they should be heard 他们低声说话 以防被人听见 Shut the window for fear that it may rain 关好窗子以防下雨 5 结果状从结果状从 Adverbial Clause of Result so that so that 如此 以至于 such that that otherwise or else else So many people came to the concert that some couldn t get in 那么多人来听音乐会 以致有些人没法进来 She s so ill that she can t get out of bed 她病得很重 都下不了床了 English is such a difficult language that you have to apply yourself The situation is such that agreement is unlikely 局势是这样 达成协议的可能性不大 There was such a draught dra ft it is no wonder he caught a cold 过堂风这样厉害 难怪她感冒了 I m so busy I have no time to write a letter 我忙极了 没时间写信 She had intellect otherwise I would have scorned her 他很聪明 否则我早就瞧不起他了 Run or else you ll be late 快跑 否则就迟到了 Drink this else you ll be sick 把这个喝掉 否则你会生病 6 方式或比较状从方式或比较状从 of Manner of Comparison as 正如 like as if as though 好像 宛如 than 比 as as not as so as the more the more Unit ten is not so difficult as Unit Nine Do it like I do 照我那样做 When at Rome do as the Romans do 入境随俗 She looked a bit queer as if she knew something 她看起来有点怪 好像她知道什么似的 不用连词引导 Now they don t do it the way we did it 他们现在的做法和我们以前不一样 You re behaving the same way your elder sister used to 你的表现和你姐姐过去的表现一样 Arrange the hours however you like 你的时间怎么安排都行 7 He earns less than his wife does 他挣的钱比他妻子少 You know much more than I did at your age 你知道的东西比我在你这个岁数时知道的要多得多 He is as tall as his father I haven t done as much as I should have liked 我做得没有我希望的那么好 7 让步状从让步状从 of Concession 虽然 though although while whereas even if even though 即使 no matter 不管 Although though he had very little money he always managed to dress smartly 虽说他没有几个钱 却总是 穿得很时髦 I wouldn t do it even if even though you paid me a thousand pounds 即使你付我一千英镑 我也不敢这事 Some praised me whereas 而 others condemned me 有人赞扬我 而另一些人却谴责我 Late as it was he continued the work 尽管时间不早了 他仍在工作 as 从句的表语常放在句首形成倒装 Come what may he would never let her down 不管发生什么情况 他绝不会做对不起她的事 She says she ll follow him no matter who tries to stop her 她说不管谁来阻拦 她都要跟他走 Wherever you are I ll be thinking of you 不管在哪里 我都会想着你 no matter who whoever no matter what whatever no matter which whichever no matter how however no matter when whenever no matter where wherever 8 条件状从条件状从 Adverbial Clauses of Condition if unless suppose supposing 假设 providing provided 假若 as so long as 只要 If I were you I d learn English at once We have a meeting every Friday unless there is noting to discuss Suppose you had a million pounds how would you spend it Supposing that you are wrong what will you do 假如你错了 你怎么办 You may go out providing you do your homework first 如果你先把作业做了 那就可以先出去玩 She may come with us provided that she arrives in time 如果她及时到达 她可以和我们一道去 You can go out as long as you promise to be back before 11 o clock 只要你答应 11 点前回来 可以出去 In case the house burns down we ll get the insurance money 如果房子烧毁了 我们会领到保险金 You may borrow the book on condition that you don t lend it to anyone else 你可以借这本书 条件是别把 它借给别人 Granted that he s not brilliant he is at least competent and work hard 就算他不够出色 他至少称职而且卖 力干活 If 引导的条件状从 有时可把引导的条件状从 有时可把 if 省略而倒装从句省略而倒装从句 Were it not for your assistance we would be in serious difficulty 如果不是你帮忙 我们会陷入严重的困境 Shall she call what would I tell her 万一她来电话 我怎么对她说 汉语的 虽然 但是 因为 所以 在英语中只用一个 Although he is very busy he has never been absent from the evening class 虽然他很忙 但从不缺席夜校的 课 Because it looked like rain they decided to cancel the trip 因可能会下雨 所以他们决定不去了 8 主从复合句学习的四个关键 主从复合句是高中英语学习的一 个难点 也是一 个重点 如何学习主从复合句 我认为应从以下四个 关键着手 一 概念 主从复合句属于句子的种类 它包括简单句 并列句和复合句 简单句是由一 套主语和谓语 构成 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句并列构成 常用 and but so 等并列连词连接 复合句是由一 个 主句和一 个或一 个以上的从句构成 主句是全句的主体 往往可以独立存在 而从句仅是句子的一 个成 分 故不能独立存在 必须有一 个关联词引导 引导从句的关联词共有七类 1 从属连词 有 whether when although because if 等 I don t know if he will come 2 疑问代词 who whom whose which what 等 I don t know what you mean 3 疑问副词 when where how why 等 I asked him where he was going to stay 4 关系代词 who whom whose which that what 等 主要引导定语从句 The young man who is standing there is my English teacher 5 关系副词 when where why 也可以引导定语从句 That was the time when we stayed together 6 复合连接代词 what whatever whoever whichever 等 You can do whatever you like 7 复合连接副词 wherever whenever however 等 You can come whenever it is possible 特别强调 主从复合句必须有连接词 英语是形和而汉语是意和 如汉语可以说 你来我走 中间没有连接 词 如翻译成英语必须根据意义加上连接词 if 否则句子就错误 If