【精品】高英3总结.doc

【精品】高英3总结 Goods Move.People Move.Ideas Move.And CulturesChange.Para.13.Today weare in the throes“globalization”.修辞tectonic metaphor今天我们正在应对一种世界范围内的文化的相互影响和变化，一种习俗与追求的结构变化，用社会科学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化，就叫“全球化”。 4.In placeof theold wants1)Instead of the traditionalneeds,we findnew needs,demanding goodsfrom distantand far-off placesto meetthese feltneeds.2)The objectof“requiring”is“the products”;“for theirsatisfaction”is an adverbial phrase,showing purpose.5.Their statementnow describesan ordinaryfact of life.Their statementdescribes whatis happeningnow.Para.2-36.How peoplefeel aboutthis dependsa greatdeal onwhere theylive andhow muchmoney theyhave.1)The attitudeof the people towardglobalization isto agreat extentdetermined bywhether theyare in the developedcountries ornot andwhether theyare amongthe havesor thehave-nots.7globalizationis areality,not achoice.Globalization is not sththat you can aeptor reject,it is already amatter oflife whichyou willencounter andhave torespond toevery day.8.Humans have beenventured afield.2)People in the worldhavebeenmaking mercialand culturalcontacts longbefore merchantson camelbackstook therisk totravel toplaces faraway fromhome.10.Telegraphbetween individuals and thewider world.1)Telegraphmade theconnection betweenindividuals and the outside world closerbut at the sametime theconnection wasmore plex,less direct,not soeasy tosee ordetect.2)电报、电话、收音机和电视把个人和外部世界更紧密地连在一起，这种联系更为复杂。 不那么直接也不易察觉。 13.Still,the basicdynamicsmove.“Still”here introducesa contrast.Para.2tells thereaders thatmodern technologymakes theconnections andchanges fasterand moreplicated.Para.3stresses that the basicpattern isthe same.The differencelies in the speedand scopeof changes.Para.414.Some Westernsocial scientistsand anthropologists,speak Englishto somedegree.修辞cloning metaphorParaphrase:Some Westernsocial scientistsand anthropologists,and manyforeign politicians,believe that a kindof cultureimitation willappear fromwhat theyregarded as“culture assault”of McDonalds,Coca-Cola,Disney,Nike,MTV,andtheEnglish languageitselfmore thana fifthof allthe people in theworld nowspeak Englishto somedegree.15.Whatever theirbackgrounds oragendas,these criticsare convincedthat Westerninfluenceone big“McWorld”.1)Crease:a foldor wrinkle2)McWorld:a worldmodeled onMcDonalds,meaning a world filledwith Americangoods andculture.3)No matterwhat theirbackgrounds andprograms are,these criticsare convincedthat Westernoften equatedwith American-influences willoverwhelm allother non-western cultures,make themlose theirown uniquecharacteristics andin theend thereexists onlyone westernizedor Americanizedworld orculture.16.Whatever theirbackgroundsone big“McWorld”.不管他们的背景和纲领如何，这些对全球化持反对态度的人深信西方的影响往往等同于美国的影响会把所有文化上的差异一一压平，就像一位观察家所说的，最终产生一个麦当劳世界，一个充满美国货和体现美国价值观的世界。 17.Popular factionssprout toexploit nationalistanxieties.Popular factions:反映公众情绪（或得到公众支持）的派别。 Political groupswith broadsupport havee into being totake advantageof existingworries anduneasiness amongthepeopleabout foreign“cultural assault”.18.where xenophobiaand economicambition haveoften struggledfor the upper handsuggesting that Hollywood be burned.1)Xenophobia meanshatred orfear offoreigners orforeign things.Economic ambitionrefers to the desireto buildChina into a strong,industrialized country,to improvethe livelihoodof the Chinese people.This wouldmean openingto theoutsideworld,introducing foreigncapital,technology andgoods.2)In China,the twotrends ofclosed-door and open-door policieshave longbeen strugglingfor dominance,a recentbook calledchina cansay nobecame abest-seller beattacking whatit considerstheChinesewillingness to believe blindlyin foreignthings,advising Chinesetravelers notto flyon aBoeing777and suggesting thatHollywoodmovies beburned.19suggestingthatHollywood beburned.1)Hollywood stands for Americanfilms.This isrhetoric devicecalled metonymy.2)Why“beburned”,not“is burned”is usedhere?Subjunctive moodis usedafter theverb“suggest”.3)建议把进口的好莱坞大片烧掉。 Para.621.Those peopleout thereshould continue to livein amuseum while we willhave showersthat work.“Museum”here standsfor ancientlife orbackwardness,the kindoflifeyoucanonly findin museumsnow.“Showers thatwork”standsformodern lifewith high-tech appliance.The Chinesepeople shouldcontinuetolive abackward lifewhilewelive fortablywith allmodern conveniences.Para.722.WesternizationI discoveredvery strangebedfellows.After monthsof researchand travel,I foundthat Westernizationisa concept fullof self-contradiction andheld by people ofvery differentbackground orviews.23.Critics of Western cultureblast Coke and Hollywood butare havingdisastrous effects.Critics ofWestern cultureattack sharplyCokeandHollywoodbut they donot attackorgan transplantsand puters.Enthusiastic supportersofWesternculture emphasizeenvironmental protectionbut make no mentionof cigarettesand automobiles,which bringdamage tohealth andthe environmentand arebeing earnestlyadopted in the developingworld.24.Yet theymakenomentiondisastrous effects.然而他们不提西方文化中不那么健康的一面，譬如香烟和汽车，就在发展中世界急切地接纳这些东西时，它们已经带来很坏的后果。 25.Apparentlyparadise either.Obviously westernizationis neitherterribly badnor extremelygood.很显然，西方文化既不会直达地狱，也不是直通天堂。 Para.826.But Ialso discoveredpose them.1)Resourceful:able todeal promptlyand effectivelywith problems,difficulties,etc.Resilient:recovering strength,spirits,good humor,quickly;buoyant3)不过我也发现文化就如构成文化的民族一样，善于随机应变，富有弹性而且不可预测。 27.In LosAngelesdegradation修辞fountainhead metaphorIn LosAngeles,the citywhich manypeople consideras asource ofdevaluing worldcultures,I sawmore varietythan Icould eversupposedin theplace whereHollywood islocated Ifound aschool with32languages spoken.在洛杉矶，世界文化堕落的明显的源头,我看到的差异要比我想象的多在好莱坞高中学生说32种不同的语言。 28.McDonalds servesorthodox Hindu.1)Why doesMcDonalds servemutton insteadof beefin India?Because thereligion of Hinduism regardsthe cowas sacred,so beefcant beeaten.2)麦当劳供应的是羊肉而不是牛肉，而且提供一份素食的菜单，连最正统的印度教徒也能接受。 Para929.The criticalmass ofteenagers Thelarge numberof youngpeople betweenthe ageof13and19is decisive.32.rap music,which sprangfrom theinner-city ghettos,began makingbig moneyonly whenrebellious whiteteenagers startedbuying it.1)Rap music:a styleof blackpopular musicwith apronounced beatto whichwords arerecited ratherthan sung.说唱乐2)But Ido know that rapmusic,which developedfrom theplace wherethe blackslived,began makingbig profitonly whenrebellious whiteteenagers startedaepted itand buyit.Para.1034.She hasshoulder-length brownhair andis wearinga knee-length brocadeskirt.她留着披肩的棕发，穿着一条长及膝盖的织锦短裙。 35.“The funnything aboutmy workis thatyou dont have to becool todo it,”she said.“You justhavetohave the eye.”1)Cool:(slang)fashionable inthe eyesof theyoung2)The eye:mental awareness:a specialintuition.3)“In tryingto findout whatwill bethe futuretrend,you donot needto befashionable yourself.”she says:“All you need isawareness,that isto say,youneedto beon thealert,tobeobservant.That isthe interestingpoint ofmy work.”Para.1136.We goto asmallishthat has just beetrendy.修辞pocket:is usedfiguratively4)We gotoasmall restaurantbuilt inthe styleofthe1950s in a somewhatrundown areaeast ofHollywood whichhasjustbee afashionable area.5)我们去了一家小一点的，50年代式样的餐馆。 这家餐馆位于好莱坞东面一个比较破落的区域，这个区域刚刚时髦起来。 37.thrift shop:esp.US,a shopselling second-hand itemsusu.for charity38.If itsnotgoingits nevergoing tocatch on.1)To catchon:to beepopular2)If the trend istoo expensiveand cannotbe followedbypeople,it willnot beepopular.Para.1339.Its reallyhardthat alreadyexist.近来，创新极为困难。 因此，最容易的办法就是把现存的东西捏在一起，拿出一个新玩意儿来。 Para.1444.This beingAmerica,he hasfound away tomarry thesetwo passionsand sellthe result.修辞marry metaphor1)What isthe grammaticalfunction of“this beingAmerica”?It is an independentelement,playing therole of anadverbialclause ofcause.It canbe changedinto“Since this is America”.3)Since Americaisanopen andtechnologically advancedcountry witha largemarket forunusual things,Tom Sloperfound thenecessary conditionsto designa softwareprogram biningputer technologywith therules ofmah-jongg.And he was ableto sellhis product.45.This ancientChinese game involves bothstrategy andluck,in apartmentson Manhattans Upper West Side.修辞.contrast(Asia&the US,Lower-middle-class people&upper-class people,men&society womec.)onomatopoeia:clickantonomasia:换喻the smallroom inAsia stand for lower-middle-class people,the countryclubs inBeverly Hillsstand forrich peoplein US.metonymy theplace namesstandforsocial andeconomic status.Para.1550.Actually,he onlyappeared tobe alone.Why doesthe authorsay heonly“appeared”tobealone?Tom wasalone inthe officebuilding buthe wasplaying agame withthree otherpeopleinthree differentplaces.In thatsense,hewasnot alone.51.His glowingputer screenpartners.他那亮着的计算机屏幕表明麻将已经搓起来了，其他几个参加者都是老牌友。 Para.1652.with thatdetachedmachines.1)detached:not involvedby emotion,interests,etc.2)in afriendly waybut thisfriendliness lacksemotion becausehis interestis inthe puter,in thosepeople whoare connectedwith himthrough the Inter.Para.1953.Tom playedon into the night.At leastit wasnight whereI was.1)As leastit wasnight whereI was.至少我所在的地方是夜晚。 54was upinthecyber spherefar abovethe level of time zones.1)他在网络世界活动，这种活动超越时区。 2)He wasmoving around,playing agame through theInter,with peopleliving indifferent timezones,thus theiractivities on the puterbroke downtimezonelimit.If it seemsconsider China.（Para20）如果说西方的生活太超前了，已经看不清轮廓了，那么就看看中国。 Cosmopolitan magazineevery month.（Para20）26万中国妇女每个月都在阅读时尚杂志，那些开领袒胸的画页及其他内容。 In adecadepresence.（Para22）十年中，几十座闪闪发亮的新的高层建筑拔地而起，积压空间，使人张目不能远眺，使原本狭窄弯曲的街道更显压抑，而这些高耸大楼的存在也使公园和空地感到憋气Traffic crawlsoverpasses.（Para22）即使是在多车道的快速路上，车辆也在爬行。 The Chineseambiguity.（Para24）中国人是很善于应对多种可能性的。 The lightingwas heavyon shadows,with frequentflashes.（Para27）灯光集中在阴影上，常常夹有闪电。 The lightwent outauto-rewind.（Para27）灯光熄灭，有一阵子，黑暗中唯一点声音就是一部价格昂贵的照相机自动倒卷时发出的声音。 It strainedimaginationsserving machines.（Para.28）难以想象就是在这个国家，二十年前人们最想要得三样贵重物品就是手表、自行车和缝纫机。 They receivedown identity.（Para38）他们从当地文化吸收了不少东西，但仍然保持了自己的本色。 Linking ishumanitysdestiny.（Para40）相互联系是人类自然的欲望，是其共同的命运。 They arethe powerfulcords ofthe heart.（Para40）这种连接靠的是强有力的心灵的纽带。 Paraphrase If itseemsconsider China.（Para20）Ifitseems thatlife inthe westhas movedso fastthat wecannot seeit clearly,then havea lookat China.In the first two weeks ofbusiness theGui storetook ina surprising$100,000.（Para22）The Guistore didnot expectthat inthefirsttwoweeksof itsopening inShanghai businesscould beso good.Potential:thisislargely aWestern concept.（Para25）Potential isaconceptused inphysics orelectricity whichare subjectsfirst studiedintheWest.its clear thatthetruly greatleap forwardhere isatthelevelof ideas.（Para25）It isclearthatthe realprogress,the progressthat mattersmost,lies inthe changeofideas.Early onI realizedthroughthewilds of global culture.（Para29）From thevery beginningI knewI needsome theoryor guidelio helpmeinmy studyofglobal culture orglobalization,to guideme throughsuch agreat varietyof culturalphenomena.We nowknow thatorder growsout ofchaos.（Para30）We nowknowthatsignificant changese asa resultof conflict.“Not conflictsbetween Eastand Westfrom oothe other.”（Para30）“The currentconflicts arenot conflictsbetween Eastand West,nor Northand Southbut betweendominantly industrialcountries anddominantly agrariancountries plusinternal conflictswithin countriesthat arepartly oneand partlythe other.”For theJapaneseway ofthinking.（Para35）The Japaneseare verytraditional intheir thinking.The latephilosopher IsaiahBerlinsth.else（Para36）The latephilosopher IsaiahBerlin thoughtthatasociety shouldnot pursuecertain unrealisticideal butshould aimat achievingsth morepractical,more down-to-earth.The penitenceuniversal.（Para39）The wayof showingrepentance mightbe peculiartotheJews,butthestrong desire of gainingforgiveness fromGod ismon,shared by all.Linking ishumanitysdestiny.（Para40）Linking isa naturaldesireofmankind,and afate sharedby all.Rhetoric DevicesContrast(Old Shanghaiand Shanghaiinthe1990s)Once acity ofelegant villasand imposingoffice buildings,Shanghai iscurrently rippingitself toribbons.In adecade scoresof gleamingnew skyscrapershave shotup tocrowd andjostle theskyline,cramp thenarrow windingstreets,and chokethe parksandopenspaces withtheir sheersoaring presence.（Para22）Metaphor(pass andwilds)Early onI realizedthat Iwas goingto needsome typeof passto guideme throughwilds ofglobalculture.（Para29）vocabulary Phethroes of:intheact ofstruggling with(a problem,decision,task,etc.)Tectonic:adj.地质构造的；建筑的；地壳构造上的An assortmentof:a veriatyof Dislodgevt.逐出，驱逐；使移动；用力移动vi.驱逐，逐出；离开原位Para2Caravan:A panyof travelersjourneying together,as acrossa desertor throughhostile territory.旅行队Clime n.气候；地方(poetic)a regionwith referenceto itsclimate Afield:adv.在战场上；去野外；在远处；远离著Wrought:adj.锻造的；加工的；精细的v.工作（work的过去分词）intricate:adj.复杂的；错综的，缠结的Para:3dynamicstatic Para4anthropologist:人类学家assult:n.攻击McWorld:aworldmodeled onMcDonalds,meaning aworld filledwith Americangoods andcultures.crease:折痕,皱痕Para5Popular fractions(反映公众情绪或得到公众支持的派别)xenophobia:n.仇外；对外国人的畏惧和憎恨Upper handn.A positionof controlor advantage上风，优势控制或有利的地位the BoxersMovement义和团synecdoche提喻法Para6Denouncer:告发者，斥责者Para7Inconsistency:n.不一致；易变Bedfellow:n.伙伴；同床者（等于bedmate）Blast:to attackor criticizesharply Organtransplants:器官移植Salubrious:adj.清爽的；气候有益健康的Para8Resilient:adj.弹回的，有弹力的Unpredictable:n.不可预言的事adj.不可预知的；不定的；出乎意料的ostensible:adj.表面的；假装的fountainhead:n.源；水源；本源degradation:n.退化；降格，降级；堕落Orthodox:adhering tothe aeptedor traditionaland establishedfaith,especially inreligion.正统的orthodox ideas正统观念orthodox party正统派Hindu n.An adherentofHinduism.印度教徒Hinduism:Indian religion,philosophy,and socialsystem印度教Sesame Street:芝麻街（英文Sesame Street）是美国一套著名的幼儿教育电视节目，内容结合了教育和娱乐。 节目是由Childrens TelevisionWorkshop（CTW）制作Para9Rap music:说唱音乐Ghetto:A sectionof acity oupiedbyaminority groupwho livethere especiallybecause ofsocial,economic,or legalpressure.少数民族的集中住宅区(n.犹太人区；贫民区vt.使集中居住)Rebellious:adj.反抗的；造反的；难控制的Cool hunter:猎酷者to findout whatwould bethetrendfor theyoung.Inner cityn.The usuallyolder,central partofacity,characterized bycrowded neighborhoodsin whichlow-ine,often minoritygroups predominate.内城区Para10Brocade:n.纺织锦；锦缎vt.把图案或凸花纹织入；在上织出图案Para11Diner:n.A small,usually inexpensiverestaurant witha longcounter andbooths andhoused ina buildingdesigned toresemble adining car.餐车饭店一种小型的通常具有柜台和座位的廉价的餐馆，并设计在类似于餐车的屋子中.Seedy:adj.多种子的；结籽的；破烂的Trendy:n.追求时髦者；新潮人物adj.时髦的，流行的thrift:n.节俭；节约thrift shop:旧货商店，二手货商店para13mix:bination of things,substance isuseful,bee ohing blend:bination ofthings,but partsofthingsare indistinguishable,and cant separatemerge:bination ofthings ortotal absorptionof anotherthing.E.g.the mergeof anotherpany fuse:melting,when itis melting,theotheris dissolvable,cant separate2.Punk:a typeof loudviolent musi