英语药用基础论文.doc

签： 教育Tital :Traditional Chinese Medicine In JapanClass* NAMEStudent number*TCM is the sympol of traditional Chinese medicine. What do you know about TCM? Do you want to know more about TCM in Japan.In this passage I would like to tell you something about the history of TCM in Japan.First part is about the simple history of TCM from China to Japan,including the basic methods and many famous doctors from China to Japan .The second part will show you the modern situation of TCM in Japan .HISTORY OF TCM FORM CHINA TO JAPANFORM CHINA TO JAPANThe basic texts of Chinese medicine, such as the Neijing Suwen and Lingshu, and the Materia Medica came to Japan during the 7th through 9th Centuries. This led to publication of the primary historical text about Chinese medical theory and practice in Japan: the Ishimpo. In the Chinese tradition, there are certain scholar-physicians who have become revered for their work, including Zhang Zhongjing and Sun Simiao, whose formulas and theories were incorporated into the Ishimpo. Japan also has its famous contributors from the classical period (15th to 18th Centuries), such as Sanki Tashiro, Gonzan Goto, and Todo Yashimosu, and renowned 20th-Century physicians, such as Keisetsu Otsuka and Domei Yakazu, who helped restore Kampo after several decades of suppression during the rise of Western medicine in Japan(Also written Kanpo, Kampo is the older transliteration of HAN method).(The basic of Traditional Chinese medicine)Kampo today differs from the practice of Chinese herbal medicine in mainland China primarily by reliance on a different basic collection of important herb formulas and somewhat different group of primary herbs. Thus, for example, one of the most frequently mentioned traditional herb formulas in China is Xuefu Zhuyu Tang (Persica and Achyranthes Combination), a formulation used for treating blood stasis, devised by the reform physician Wang Qingren in the early 19th Century. By contrast, the most frequently mentioned herb formula in Japan for treating blood stasis is Guizhi Fuling San (Cinnamon and Hoelen Formula), a formulation of the Han Dynasty described by Zhang Zhongjing in the 3rd Century. While both formulations originated in China, Xuefu Zhuyu Tang is a relatively new one on the large scale of Chinese medical history, and was devised after Japan had ceased being directly influenced by developments in China. There are certain traditional Chinese medicine books that are relied upon heavily in Japan, providing formulas with a limited number of herbs, while there is a much broader range of sources-texts, herbs, and well-known formulas-relied upon in China.(WWW.ZHONG-YAO.NET )INTRODUCING CHINESE MEDICINE TO JAPANCultural contact between China and Japan has occurred since ancient times. There is a story that is frequently told in the Chinese tradition about the first Emperor (reign: 221-210 B.C.) who is said to have sent emissaries by ship on the Eastern Sea to find the herb of immortality; it is suggested that they returned from Japan with ganoderma (lingzhi; Japanese: reishi) in completion of their mission. Some Chinese medical works were introduced to Japan as early as the 4th or 5th Century A.D., coming first by way of Korea, which had adopted Chinese medicine by that time. Historical records indicate that a Korean physician named Te Lai came to Japan in 459 A.D., and that a Chinese Buddhist named Zhi Cong brought medical texts with him to Japan via Korea in 562 A.D. It was also during this period that the Chinese written language was adopted in Japan so that the people could learn from China about Buddhism, Confucianism, governmental organization, and the divination arts, opening the way for study of Chinese medicine.The first official classes in Chinese medicine in Japan are said to have been given by a Korean physician in 602 A.D. by order of the Empress Suiko (reign: 592-628 A.D.). During her reign, the Japanese court started sending envoys to China. Some of the Japanese visitors to China, being there primarily on diplomatic missions, brought back medical classics of China. In 701, the Taiho Ritsuryo Code (a series of edicts establishing a particular political and academic structure) was compiled and provided for, among many other things, establishment of a ministry of health (Tenyakuryo; also translated as the Institute of Medicine). This Taiho Code, influenced by two visits to the Tang Imperial Court by the envoy Enichi, included a division devoted to the Chinese concept of yin-yang, one of the foundations of Chinese medical theories and other aspects of Chinese culture. The services of the health ministry were restricted to the royal court and aristocracy, while Buddhist temples took care of the poor, eventually including Chinese medicine. The Empress Komyo (701-760 A.D.) established a dispensary to supply free medicine to the needy in 730 A.D. The dispensary provided local Japanese herbs, but the method of using the herbs was already influenced by Chinese medical principles.(passage form baidu wenku)MODERN TCM IN JAPANJapan has nearly 60000 pharmacies, some pharmacies, like totally, like, this pharmacy sales of Chinese Kampo, another part of the Board is not only selling Kampo medicine, but also sell medicine. Japanese Research Society of Chinese medicine shops have more than 1,000 members, the study will be dedicated to members of shops selling Kampo. They train their members through the organization of Chinese medicine practitioners, pharmacists, store, and promote its mastery of the knowledge of Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine spread culture, to promote the sale of Kampo.Currently in Japan, sales were relatively good Chinese Kampo products are mainly the treatment of skin diseases and infertility. Japanese pharmaceutical companies producing in China Tsumura Kampo are more varieties of its products into the Japanese health care system, can be reimbursed 70%. The only one specially for Chinese Kampo is a spark of the company. The company and Chinas nine-Zhi Tang, Wuhan Union, Tianjin, Darren Hall and Sichuan Huaxi Medical University of subsidiary and other units engaged in trade in pharmaceutical products. Spark companies processing of raw materials imported from China, traditional Chinese medicine into health products registered for sale in Japan. Together w