全球各地的圣诞晚餐.doc

全球各地的圣诞晚餐Iceland冰岛The main festive meal in Iceland happens on Christmas Eve, with traditional foods including hangikjot (smoked lamb), a patterned flatbread called laufabraue (leaf bread, pictured), and puffin. Dessert is often a spiced and sweetened rice pudding, jlagrautur. The day before, a meal of fermented skate and boiled potatoes is customary, in honour of the countrys patron saint.冰岛人在圣诞前夜享用节日主餐，传统食物包括熏羊肉，一种被称为“树叶面包”的带图案的烤饼，还有海雀。甜品往往是一个香辛带甜的大米布丁。此前一天，为了纪念国家的守护神，冰岛人有吃发酵鳐鱼和煮土豆的习惯，Australia澳大利亚Despite the baking summer heat, many Australians enjoy a full turkey dinner, followed by Christmas pudding and mince pies, on Christmas Day though its also common to have a picnic or a barbecue outside. Back in the days of the gold rush, a lucky gold nugget was often hidden inside the pudding, instead.尽管圣诞季在澳大利亚恰逢炎夏，在圣诞节这天，许多澳大利亚人还是会选择享受一顿丰盛的火鸡晚宴，辅食包括圣诞布丁和肉馅饼。有的家庭也会在这天选择外出野餐或烧烤。早在淘金热那会儿，人们往布丁里藏的不是幸运硬币，而是货真价实的金块。Portugal葡萄牙It wouldnt appeal to everyone, but the Portuguese like nothing more than to get together on Christmas Eve to enjoy a meal of salted cod, served with vegetables and boiled potatoes. Turkey is also popular, and is sometimes served on Christmas Day itself. Bolo Rei, or “Kings Cake,” filled with nuts and candied fruit, is a favourite festive dessert.这道菜可能不合有些人的口味，但对葡萄牙人来说，在圣诞前夕共聚一堂享受一顿盐渍鳕鱼饭，真是再美不过了。当然，火鸡也是流行的圣诞主餐。葡萄牙人最喜爱的节日甜点名叫“国王的蛋糕”（Bolo Rei），蛋糕里嵌有许多坚果和蜜饯。Japan日本Because less than one per cent of the population is Christian, Christmas is not a national holiday in Japan, but many people partake in some of the traditions. Bizarrely, Kentucky Fried Chicken is the festive snack of choice: turkey is not very popular, and some astute Christmas advertising by the company means that fried chicken has now become synonymous with the celebrations.基督徒所占日本人口总数小于1%，因此圣诞节并不是日本的法定假日，但仍有很多人愿意分享这份节日喜悦。奇怪的是，肯德基成了圣诞零食的第一选择，火鸡反倒不太流行，这恐怕归功于肯德基精明的圣诞广告宣传手段。Spain西班牙The main Christmas meal in Spain takes place on December 24, La Nochebuena, with the food served varying from region to region. Sweet dishes are a highlight, ranging from turrn, an almond-y nougat (pictured) to polvornes, a type of crumbly shortbread.西班牙人在12月24日享用他们的圣诞主餐，不同地区的圣诞食物各不相同。西班牙的圣诞甜品是一大亮点，奶油杏仁糖（如图）和脆酥饼都非常美味。Germany德国Another country with a serious sweet tooth, Germany is famed for its sugary Chrismas treats, such as gingerbread, spiced biscuits, marzipan and stollen (pictured). The main feast usually features a rich meat like roast goose or suckling pig all with lashings of red cabbage, of course.德国人也很爱吃甜。他们的甜食鼎鼎大名，包括姜饼、五香饼干、杏仁糖和果子甜面包。圣诞主餐以肉为主，包括烤鹅和烤乳猪，当然，红色卷心菜也是必不可少的。Egypt埃及Christians in Egypt also usually eat their main Christmas meal on Chrismas Eve, often late after mass (pictured). Because Egypt still observes the Coptic Calendar however, this doesnt take place till the sixth day of January. Many cook a special holiday meal known as fata, which consists of bread, rice, meat and garlic.埃及基督徒一般会在圣诞前夜弥撒后享用他们的圣诞大餐。因为埃及延用的是科普特日历，所以他们圣诞的节是在1月6日之后。许多人会烹制一种叫做fata的圣诞食物，食材包括面包、米饭、肉和大蒜。Italy意大利Because abstaining from meat is common on Christmas Eve, many families in Italy arrange a banquet of fish dishes instead. On Christmas Day itself, the food will vary from region to region, but usually involves a mix of meats and pasta, followed by sweet dishes such as panettone (pictured), a Milanese cake bread, or pandoro, a similiar dessert, but without candied fruit.在意大利，圣诞节前一天一般禁止吃肉，许多家庭会用鱼类菜肴来代替肉类食物。在圣诞节当天，不同地区的传统圣诞食物也不尽相同，但一般都包括肉食和面食。意大利人的圣诞甜品包括意大利圣诞面包（如图）、米兰蛋糕面包和一种叫pandoro的面点（与米兰蛋糕面包类似，但不放蜜饯水果）。France 法国The culinary high point of Christmas in France is Le Rveillon, a decadent feast on December 24 which is often held after the family returns from mass. The menu varies accross the country, but can feature anything from oysters, to pat, to smoked salmon or goose. A Yule log, or bûche de Noël , is a favourite way to end the meal.12月24日家庭成员做完弥撒回到家中，就要享用圣诞季最为丰盛的一顿晚餐了。各地的圣诞晚餐食谱不尽相同，但牡蛎，肉酱，熏鲑鱼或熏鹅都是必不可少的特色菜。一个圣诞原木蛋糕可以称得上是最好的饭后甜点。USA美国There is not much difference between an American and British Christmas table, other than the fact many families across the pond prefer to eat a meat other than turkey (its not that long after Thanksgiving, after all). In poorer, rural areas, dinner might well be whatever people can lay their hands on. Roasted possum, anyone?美国圣诞餐桌上的菜肴和英国相差无几。但比起火鸡，有些人更偏爱其他肉类食物（毕竟，感恩节刚过完没多久）。贫穷的乡下人则是逮着什么吃什么。烤负鼠,有人吃过吗？Mexico墨西哥The Mexicans tend to gorge most on Christmas Eve, putting on a spread that includes traditional stews, fish (especially cod), and a range of fruits and salads. Tamales, corn dough pastries (pictured) and bu?uelos, fritters, are popular desserts, as well as the sweets from a piñata, of course.墨西哥人会在圣诞节前一天大快朵颐，流行的圣诞食物包括传统炖菜、鱼类食品（尤其是鳕鱼），还有各种水果和沙拉。玉米卷肉饼、玉米面团糕（如图）、油炸汤团和油炸馅饼都是很受欢迎的甜点，当然，彩罐糖也是必不可少的。Poland波兰In Poland, familes spend Christmas Eve tucking into an enormous feast known as Wiglia or the Star Supper. It is common to serve 12 different dishes, symbolising the Twelve Apostles, with dishes such as fried carp and borscht very popular. Pierogi, small stuffed dumplings (pictured) are also common. Hay is often spread on the table as a reminder that Christ was born in a manger.波兰家庭会在圣诞前夜置办一桌丰盛的晚餐，圣诞晚餐在波兰语中叫做Wiglia（Star Supper 星的晚宴）。晚宴一般包括12道菜，象征着十二使徒。小饺子（如图）也是很受欢迎的圣诞食物。人们常在餐桌上洒上干草，寓意基督诞生于马厩。Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚Scandinavian countries often have a buffet-style meal on special days, with various foods piled onto one table; in Sweden, its known as a sm?rg?sbord, in Norway a koldtbord, while Finland also has a similar tradition, known at Christmas as the Joulupöytä, or “Yule table. Glögg, mulled wine, is the drink of choice, often served with nuts or biscuits on the side.斯堪的纳维亚半岛国家的节日聚餐和自助餐有些相像，各种不同食物都堆到桌子上任人取食。这样的筵席在瑞典和挪威被称作大杂烩，而芬兰人称其为“圣诞饭桌”。热葡萄酒是首选的节日饮料，佐酒小吃则是坚果和饼干。Peru秘鲁The Peruvian Christmas meal, usually served on Christmas Eve, is generally focused on turkey (complete with homemade apple sauce) followed by Italian-style panettone a very popular dessert. Despite the fact its summertime, hot chocolate is also a favourite; many organisations hold gatherings during the festive season called chocolatadas, where impoverished local people are treated to the drink, as well as sweets and toys.秘鲁人一般在圣诞前夜享用圣诞大餐。用自制苹果汁烹制的火鸡是餐桌上的主角，意式圣诞面包是很受欢迎的甜点，热巧克力也是秘鲁人的最爱尽管秘鲁此时是夏天。许多组织会在节日期间举办巧克力集会，贫穷的当地人能在集会上喝到免费的热巧克力，还能领到糖果和玩具。圣诞为何要戴纸帽子 All over Britain on Christmas Day, families can be found sitting around their dining tables enjoying a traditional lunch of roast turkey with all the trimmings - and all, regardless of age, wearing coloured paper hats. It is rumoured that even the Queen wears her paper hat over lunch!圣诞节当天，全英国的家庭都会坐在餐桌前，吃一顿传统的圣诞大餐，塞满了各种馅料的烤火鸡。无论年龄老幼，所有人都会在头上戴一顶彩色纸做成的纸帽子。据说，就连伊莉莎白女王也会戴纸帽子哦！ So why this quaint tradition? Where do these paper hats come from? The answer is the Christmas Cracker.那为什么会有这个古怪的传统呢？戴纸帽子的传统来源于哪里？答案就在另一项圣诞传统活动圣诞拉炮！ A Christmas Cracker is a cardboard paper tube, wrapped in brightly coloured paper and twisted at both ends. There is a banger inside the cracker, two strips of chemically impregnated paper that react with friction so that when the cracker is pulled apart by two people, the cracker makes a bang.圣诞拉炮是用硬纸板做的纸筒，再用色彩鲜艳的彩纸包裹在外面，两端拧紧。在拉炮里会有一个爆竹，当两个人拉动拉炮两端时，拉炮里的两条浸渍纸就会发生摩擦，发出“嘣”的响声。 Inside the cracker there is a paper crown made from tissue paper, a motto or joke on a slip of paper and a little gift.拉炮里会装有纸做的皇冠、写在纸上的名言或笑话，还会有一些小礼物。 Christmas crackers are a British tradition dating back to Victorian times when in the early 1850s, London confectioner Tom Smith started adding a motto to his sugared almond bon-bons which he sold wrapped in a twisted paper package.圣诞拉炮成为英国传统的历史可以追溯到维多利亚时期，约在19世纪50年代早期，伦敦的一个糖果商汤姆-史密斯把写有名言的纸片放在了他售卖的糖果包装里，包装方式就是在糖果外用纸将两头拧紧。 The paper hat was added to the cracker in the early 1900s. The cracker was soon adopted as a traditional festive custom and today virtually every household has at least one box of crackers to pull over Christmas.到了20世纪初，纸帽子也被放到了圣诞拉炮里。很快，拉炮就成了英国人过圣诞节的传统习俗。现在，所有的英国家庭至少都会准备一盒拉炮留到圣诞节时来拉响。 圣诞老人的传说 Chrismas Father was the descendant of a deity called Odin. Its also said that Chrismas Father comes from San Nichola, so he is also called St.Nicholas. He was the bishop of Asia Minor city of Rafah and he was called a man of God after his death. He is an old man in red clothes and he wears a red hat.He has white mustache. He comes from the north on a blowmobile every Chrismas Day. He went into peoples houses by the track and he put the presents into childrens socks. So in western countries,parents put the gifts to their kids in kids socks and put them on the head of the bed on Chrismas Eve. On the second day, the first thing after kids wake up is to find the presents from Chrismas Fathers. 圣诞老人为奥丁神后裔。 也传说称圣诞老人由圣66;尼古拉而来，所以圣诞老人也称St.Nicholas。据说他原是小亚细亚每拉城的主教，名叫圣尼古拉，死后被尊为圣徒，是一位身穿红袍、头戴红帽的白胡子老头。每年圣诞节他驾着鹿拉的雪橇从北方而来，由烟囱进入各家，把圣诞礼物装在袜子里挂在孩子们的床头上或火炉前。所以，西方人过圣诞节时，父母把给孩子的圣诞礼物装在袜子里，圣诞夜时挂在孩子们的床头上。第二天，孩子们醒来后的第一件事就是在床头上寻找圣诞老人送来的礼物. 圣诞树的传说 It is said that there was a farmer served a poor boy on a cold windy Chrismas Eve and gave him a big chrisemas meal. The boy cut a Fir trees branch and inserted it into the earth.He said, every year this time. there will be many presents in this branch. I wish I can pay back to your favor by this beautiful Fir tree. After the boy left, the farmer discovered that the branch had grow up as a big tree. Then he realized that the boy was an envoy of the god. This is the origin of the chrismas day. In western countries, Whatever you are, everyone will prepare a chrismas tree to increase the happiness of the chrismas day. Chrismas trees are made of evergreen tree like Fir trees and they represent the long lives.People put candles,flowers,toys,stars on the tree and they put chrismas present on the tree. On Chrismas Eve,people sing and dance happily and they enjoy themselves around the tree.另一个传说记载。据说有一位农民在一个风雪交加的圣诞夜里接待了一个饥寒交迫的小孩，让他吃了一顿丰盛的圣诞晚餐，这个孩子告别时折了一根杉树枝插在地上并祝福说：“年年此日，礼物满枝，留此美丽的杉村，报答你的好意。”小孩走后，农民发现那树枝竟变成了一棵小树，他才明白自己接待的原来是一位上帝的使者。这个故事就成为圣诞树的来源。在西方，不论是否基督徒，过圣诞节时都要准备一棵圣诞树，以增加节日的欢乐气氛。圣诞树一般是用杉柏之类的常绿树做成，象征生命长存。树上装饰着各种灯烛、彩花、玩具、星星，挂上各种圣诞礼物。圣诞之夜，人们围着圣诞树唱歌跳舞，尽情欢乐。1) 如果别人在你旁边罗嗦个没完，你感到厌烦了，说you are so boring(你真烦！)。“shut up!”(闭嘴！)自然没错，可人家受得了吗？不如来一句“oh, come on.give me a break! ”(帮帮忙，让我歇歇吧！)这地道幽默吧？2）要想说人“气色好”。“you look fine!”当然不错，可如果你说“ youre in the pink! ”就妙得多了，实际上，在英语口语中，表示颜色的词用起来非常形象生动。3）“他精力