Foretells Later Disease Risk及其汉语翻译.doc

Extra Weight in Early Childhood Foretells Later Disease RiskAges 2 to 6 identified as critical for predicting problems with metabolic syndrome in adulthoodPosted: November 22, 2010By Janet Raloff, Science NewsBaby fat can be a harbinger of serious disease later on. Being overweight as a young child is a strong predictor of diabetes and heart disease risk in early adulthood, a new Dutch study finds. Previous research has linked being overweight in childhood with a higher risk of these chronic diseases in adulthood, but the new study is the first to identify the ages between 2 and 6 years as the most important in predicting later risk of metabolic syndrome, says the studys lead author, physician Marlou de Kroon of VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam. The condition is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.The new work is very interesting, says cardiologist Gerald Berenson, because it reveals the earliest and most critical age for predicting adult weight problems and risk of serious chronic disease. Berenson, who was not involved in the new study, is director of Tulane Universitys Center for Cardiovascular Health in New Orleans.In the face of a growing epidemic of childhood obesity, these data are very disturbing, Berenson says. People often disregard childrens weight problems, rationalizing that kids will grow out of it during puberty, he says. But the new study shows that the kids may notand if they dont, big problems could ensue.To explore the relationship between early weight gain and later disease risk, researchers repeatedly measured the height and weight of 642 Dutch children born between 1977 and 1986 in Terneuzen, the Netherlands. From these measurements, scientists calculated the youngsters body-mass indexor BMI, which is a measure of heaviness that accounts for heightat least once a year from birth through age 18. Then they plotted how BMI changed over time. Later, as young adults aged 18 to 28, the participants returned for follow-up measurements of waist circumference, fat under the skin and blood tests.Increasing BMI between the ages of 2 and 6 more than tripled the risk that a young adult would exhibit signs of metabolic syndrome, de Kroon and her colleagues report in a paper published online November 12 in PLoS One. BMI increases between the ages of 10 and 18 also posed a substantialalbeit lowerlink to metabolic syndrome. The analyses indicated less than a 5 percent likelihood these associations were due to chance.Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of symptoms that occur together and tend to include elevated blood pressure, elevated triglycerides (fat in the blood), elevated C-reactive protein (a marker of chronic, systemic inflammation) and diminished high density lipoprotein cholesterol, also known as good cholesterol. Until recently, metabolic syndrome was rarely observed before middle age.Earlier this year, de Kroons team also reported that BMI gains between the ages of 2 and 6 were most predictive that a young adult would be overweight.Although increasing BMI was a strong risk factor for adult disease, being a big baby with an unvarying but high BMI was also associated with higher risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood, de Kroon says. Weighing too much appears to be bad for adult health, whether a child starts big or merely gets that way during childhood. Moreover, she points out, if a very thin child is becoming heavier, it may still have a very high risk of adult disease even if it never seems too fat. So even parents of slim kids should watch that children dont exceed the normal growth curve, she says.As director of the Bogalusa Heart Study in Louisiana, Berenson and his colleagues tracked weight changes in children from 8 to 17 and showed that a high BMI in childhood was a strong predictor that metabolic syndrome and prediabetes would emerge in adulthood.Are the new data strong enough for pediatricians to begin cautioning all parents to avoid weight gain in children? Oh gosh, you know they are, Berenson says. But, he notes, Weve been riding like the dickens to get even cardiologists interested in primordial preventiontaking action to prevent the development of heart and diabetes risks in apparently healthy individuals. And that should definitely start with addressing the growing number of pudgy children, he says.Megan Moriarty-Kelsey and Stephen R. Daniels of the University of Colorado School of Medicine in Aurora agree. Not only is obesity associated with higher rates of cardiovascular risk factors in childhood, but there is emerging evidence that obese children have increased risk for cardiac events and early mortality as adults, they write in the October issue of Childhood Obesity. In fact, they argue, the impact could be that life expectancy could be reduced for the first time and there could be potentially dramatic increases in health care costs.儿童早期的超重预示着以后的疾病风险 2-6岁被认为是预测成年期代谢综合征问题的最重要阶段发表：2012年11月22日作者：科学新闻珍妮特罗尔夫婴儿肥胖是以后一系列疾病的预兆。 荷兰一项新研究发现，儿童时期超重强烈预示着早期成年期的糖尿病和心脏病危险。先前的研究已将童年时期肥胖和成年期较高风险的慢性疾病联系起来，但是这个新研究是第一个指出2-6岁是预测成年期代谢综合征问题的最重要阶段。阿姆斯特丹瓦努阿图大学医学院中心的马路德克鲁恩，即该研究的主要创始人声称。这个条件与增加成年后2型糖尿病和心血管疾病是相关的。心脏病专家格兰德布伦森说这个项研究非常有趣。因为它指出了对于预测成年期体重问题和一系列慢性疾病危险的最早和最关键的年龄阶段。贝伦森并没有涉及这项新研究，他只是新奥尔良杜兰大学心血管健康中心的主任。贝伦森说，面对日益流行的儿童肥胖问题，这些数据非常令人不安。他还说，人们经常以一些理由为自己忽视孩子体重问题做辩解，比如孩子到了青春期就自然会不再肥胖。但是这项新研究表明，孩子在青春期还可能无法摆脱肥胖，如果继续肥胖确实会引起很大麻烦。为了探索早期体重增加和以后疾病风险的关系，研究员们反复的测量642个荷兰小孩的身高和体重，他们均出生在泰尔纳森1977年到1986年之间。从这些测量数据中，科学家统计出这些小孩的身体质量指数，即BMI。这是一个体重站身高的比例，至少从出生到18岁每年一次。随后，他们具体指出了身体质量指数随着时间的变化情况。后来，等到这些参与者成为18到28岁的年轻人，他们返回以后续测量腰围，皮下脂肪和血液检测。德克鲁恩和她的同事在一篇论文中报道， “2到6岁身体质量指数的增加使得人在年轻时出现代谢综合征预兆的风险增至3倍。”这篇论文11月12日在线发表于科学公共图书馆综合。10到18岁身体质量指数的增加同样和新陈代谢综合征有重大联系，尽管低一些。这个分析表明，这些联系是由于偶然的机率小于5%。代谢综合征是一系列发生在一起症状的综合，往往包括高血压，高甘油三脂（血液脂肪），高C反应蛋白（一种慢性的，全身炎症的标志）和高密度脂肪蛋白