宾语从句相关总结.docx

宾语从句是在动词、介词、动词不定式等后带的从句。引导词展示关：1.宾语从句是陈述句时，常用that引导，that可以省略；2.特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时，由原来的连接代词、副词引导；3.一般疑问句改成的，用连词if或whether引导，两者都有是否的意思，通常可以替换。不能省略。语序应用关：主语在前，谓语动词在后，（带有宾语从的复合句的标点符号，取决于主句的句式，与从句无关。主是陈述句，用句号，主是疑问句，用问号）时态照应关：1.主句是祈使句或主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时，从句不受影响，根据情况选用。2.主句是过去时，从句也一定用过去的时间（一般过去时、过去进行时等）3.从句是客观真理、自然现象等，任何时候都用一般现在时。（以Could you tell me .?/ would you tell me .?开头的不能用过去时态。）直接引语改为间接引语引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语分以下情况： 1.直接引语是陈述句时 间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。 He said , You are younger than I.-He said (that ) I was younger than him. 2.直接引语是疑问句时 间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。 （1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。 She said, Do you often come here to read newspapers? She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers. She asked me , You have seen the film, havent you? She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film. （2） 选择疑问句变为whether.or 宾语从句。 I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight? I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night. (3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。 He asked , Where do you live? He asked me where I lived. 3.直接引语是祈使句时 间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（dont 变为not ）. The teacher said to the boy, Open the window.The teacher told the boy to open the window. His father said to him , Dont leave the door open.His father told him not to leave the door open. 直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如： He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film. 注意 （1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如： He said, Lets go to the theatre. He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre. (2) Would you mind opening the window? he asked. He asked me to open the window. Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked . he advised me to take a walk after supper. Shall we listen to the music? he asked. He suggested listening to the music. 4.直接引语是感叹句时 间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。 She said, What a lovely day it is ! She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day. 人称变换下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。时态变换如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化： 直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时注意 （1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： The teacher said The earth goes round the sun. The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. （2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如： He said to me, I was born in 1973. He told me that he was born in 1973. (3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： He said, Im a boy, not a girl. He said that he is a boy ,not a girl. (4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： The girl said, I get up at six every morning. The girl said that she gets up at six every morning. (5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如： He said to me, I have taught English since he came here . He told me that he had taught English since he came here. (6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如： The teacher said to me . You must pay more attention to your pronunciation. The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation. He said , I could swim when I was only six . He said that he could swim when he was only six. 代词变换项目直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethose表时间的词语nowthentodaythat daythis week(month ,etc)that week (month ,etcyesterdaythe day beforelast week(month)the week(month) beforethree days(a year)agothree days(a year)be