八年级英语上册1-6单元要点.doc

八年级英语上册第一单元要点1go skateboarding (去滑滑板) go swimming(去游泳) go shopping(去购物) go fishing(去钓鱼) go后面加上动词的-ing形式，表示去干什么事，中间无其它词。2go to the movies去看电影go to the park去公园 go to the zoo去动物园 go to the mountains去爬山这些短语中有the3once a week一周一次 twice a month一月两次 twice or three times a year一年两三次 three or four times a week 一周三四次 注意once 与twice的写法4as for至于 of course当然 come home from school 放学回家come home from work下班回家5get good grades 取得好的成绩be active很积极；很活跃 He is pretty/very active. He is an active boy. 6look after照顾，照看try to do sth.尽量做I try to eat junk food once a month.我尽量每个月吃一次垃圾食品。7help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人干某事 help sb. with sth. My brother helps me (to) study English every day. = My brother helps me with my English.8 eating habits饮食习惯studying habits学习习惯Her eating habits are pretty good. 注意前后保持一致drink milk喝牛奶 eat junk food吃垃圾食品 9反义关系：healthy - unhealthy same- different less- more 10be different from与不同 the same as 与一样same 前必须用the e.g. Mary and Jerry are in the same class. Mary, Jerry在同一个班上。They are in different classes. 他们在不同的班上。Western food is different from Chinese food. 西餐与中餐有很大的不同。11. 形容词变名词：active- activity healthy- health different difference keep healthy= keep in good health 注意两个短语中的词，不要弄错了。12.同义句转换 I shop once a month. (go shopping) He often surfs the Internet on weekends. (on Saturday and Sunday )13want to do sth. 与want sb. to do sth. want to do sth. “想干事” want sb. to do sth “想让别人干事”e.g. He wants to visit his grandpa. 他想去看望他的爷爷。They want me to help them. 他们想让我帮助他们。14hardly 的用法hardly“几乎不”的意思，表示否定。所以句中如果有some, some要变成any。There is some milk in the bottle. （用hardly改写句子）There is hardly any milk in the bottle. 瓶子里几乎没有牛奶了。15a lot of ， lots of， many ，much a lot of = lots of = many a lot of = lots of = muchThere are many people in the room. She doesnt have much money. 16your与 yours用法。两上词的意思都是“您的” 的意思。但是your后面必须跟名词，而yours相当于加上名词，后面不能跟名词。e.g. Is this your book? No, it isnt. Its yours. 句子中的yours就相当于 your book。17although虽然；尽管 but 但是 汉语中我们常说“虽然，但是”在英语中，这两个词只能用其中任意一个。e.g. Although she lives in USA, she cant speak English. 她虽住在美国，她却不会说英语。 也可以说：She lives in USA, but she cant speak English. 18. no 的用法 no,“没有”的意思。 no = not a/an no = not any1）There is no book on the desk. = There isnt a book on the desk. 2） We have no egg. = We dont have an egg. She has no friends in Shanghai. = She doesnt have any friends in Shanghai. 19 Sometimes“有时”，注意这个词不能分开写。 同义词还有now and then; at times20How often多久一次; How long多久; How many多少; How soon多久后How often对never, hardly ever, once a month 之类的词提问。e.g. I hardly ever exercise. （对划线部分提问） How often do you exercise?How many对数字提问,且在后面How many要跟一个复数名词。e.g. They go to the movies 5 times a month. （对划线部分提问）How many times do they go to the movies?She eats only one egg for breakfast. How many eggs does she eat for breakfast?How long 对一段时间提问e.g.I read English 20 minutes every morning? How long do you read English every morning?How soon 对再过多久提问They are coming back in 5 days.他们五天后回来How soon are they coming back?Unit 2 重难点重点词语: matter(事情,问题,差错), illness(疾病, an illness, 是形容词ill的名词形式), have(患), advice(建议, 是不可数名词), thirsty(口渴的), believe(相信, 后面可接宾语从句), weak(虚弱的), angry(生气的), medicine(药, 是不可数名词), western(西方的, 它的名词是west。还有east东、south南、north北分别是eastern、southern、northern), everybody(=everyone每个人, 使用时后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式), get(变得, 是连系动词。以前学的get都是行为动词, 比如：get the ball, get back, get on, get off, get up, get to school等等), important(重要的), balance(平衡, balanced是形容词), late(晚, 迟。反义词为early), until(=till, 直到之时), yesterday(昨天), hear(听见, 听说。后面可接宾语从句), problem(问题, 难以处理的事), improve(提高, 可作及物动词:Im improving my English. 也可作不及物动词My English isnt improving.), traditional(传统的)重点短语: have a cold(感冒) / a fever(发烧) / a headache(头痛) / a stomachache(胃痛) / a sore throat(喉咙痛) / a backache/sore back(背痛) / a toothache(牙痛), (be) stressed out(紧张的, 有压力的), see a dentist(看牙医), be good for(对有好处), get tired(=be tired感觉疲劳, 还有get angry, get stressed out等), a few(有一点), at the moment(=now), a healthy lifestyle(一种健康的生活方式), stay healthy(=be healthy/keep healthy), a balanced diet(一种平衡的饮食), an eating habit(一种饮食习惯), notuntil(直到才), western countries(西方国家), Chinese doctors/medicine(中医/药), a balance of yin and yang(阴阳平衡), for example(比如说), feel well(感觉健康), some conversation practice(一些对话练习), host family(寄宿家庭)重点句型: -Whats the matter with you? = Whats wrong with you? = Whats the trouble with you? = Whats your trouble? 你生什么病了?/你怎么啦? -I have a sore throat.Maybe you should drink some hot tea with honey in it. 也许你该喝点带有蜂蜜的热茶。Im not feeling very well. 我感觉不好。 Everyone gets tired sometimes. 每个人都会有累的时候。-When did it start? 它什么时候开始的？ -About two days ago. 约两天前。I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你会很快好起来。 When youre tired, you should lie down and rest/have a rest. You shouldnt go to the party.Eating vegetables is good for this/your health. 吃蔬菜对这个/你的健康有好处。People who are stressed out and angry may have too much yang.有压力会生气的人可能有太多的阳。Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and its important to eat a balanced diet. (It为形式主语)I study late every night, sometimes until 2 am. 我每天学到很晚，有时直到早上两点。词语辨别: 1. a little(有一点)/little(几乎没有)+ 不可数名词 a few(有一点)/few(几乎没有)+ 可数名词2. be good for对有好处 be good at 对很擅长 be good to对友好(=be friendly to)3. with: (1)和一起 I go to Hangzhou with my sister. (2)用工具 We see with our eyes,and work with our hands. (3)带着,伴随 Look at the house with three windows. He came in with a book in his hand.4. it的用法: (1)指代动物或无生命的东西 Wheres my pen? Its here. (2)指时间、距离和天气 Its about 10 miles from here. Its hot today. (3)指示代词，在性别不详或性别无关紧要是指人，也可指小孩 (有敲门声)-Who is it? -Its me. (4)形式主语 Its not easy for me to live in a foreign country. (划线部分是真正的主语) (5)形式宾语 I find it important for me to study English well. (划线部分是真正的宾语)5. other(其他的，不能单独用) the other(两个中剩下的一个，如果剩下两个，就用the other two, 比如：Mr King has five sons. One is a doctor, the other four are all teachers.) others(其他人) the others(剩下的人或物，不止一个) another(另一个、又一个)Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?重点词汇：名词： plan 计划 postcard 名信片 lake 湖 countryside 农村，乡村 nature 大自然（地点）：Tibet 西藏 Hong Kong 香港 San Francisco 旧金山 Hawaii 夏威夷 Italy 意大利Greece 希腊 Spain 西班牙 Thailand 泰国 the Great Lakes 五大湖 Europe 欧洲形容词： famous 著名的 副词： away 向远处，离开动词： babysit (现在分词: babysitting, 过去式：babysitted) 临时照顾 camp 宿营hike 徒步旅行 leave (过去式: left)离开 send (过去式：sent) 寄，送 rent 租用 ride (过去式：rode) 乘骑 forget (过去式：forgot) 忘记 finish 结束重点短语: babysit her sister 临时照顾她的妹妹 spend time with friends 和朋友共度时光 take walks 散步 go hiking in the mountains 去山区徒步旅行 get back 回来 relax at home 在家休闲 visit cousins 看望堂兄弟 rent videos 租录像带 go bike riding 骑自行车旅行 go sightseeing 去观光 go fishing 去钓鱼 go camping 去露营 stay for three weeks 呆三周 take walks 去散步take a vacation 去度假 do something different 做一些不同的事 go away 离开how long 多久 the south of Italy 意大利南部 think about 考虑 decide on 决定the first week in June 六月的第一周 stay until September 一直呆到九月plan to do something 计划做某事 send somebody something 把寄给某人show somebody something 把某物展示给某人看finish doing something 做完某事sleep a lot 睡很久 ask somebody about something询问某人关于某事a good place to go sightseeing 一个观光的好地方 leave for 离开这里去某处all my problems 我所有的问题 a few questions 一些问题 take with sb. 随身带上重点句型: What are you doing for vacation? 你假期打算干什么？Im spending time with my friends. 我打算和朋友共度时光。When are you going? 你什么时候去？ Im going next week. 下周。How long are you staying? 你打算呆多久？Just for four days. I dont like going away for too long. 只呆四天，我不想离开太久。Shes leaving for Hong Kong on Tuesday afternoon. 她打算周二下午去香港。 Who are you going with? 你打算和谁一起去？ He thought about going to Greece or Spain, but decided on Canada. 他原本想去希腊或西班牙，但最终决定去加拿大。 He plans to have a very relaxing vacation. 他计划去过一个非常休闲的假期。 I want to ask you about places to visit in China. 我想问你关于在中国要参观的地方。 I love nature. 我爱大自然。掌握：1. 学习用现在进行时谈论将来的计划。注意进行时态不要漏掉be 动词，也不要忘记在动词后加上ing。2. 学习由 where（地点），when（时间），how long（时间段）, who（人）引导的特殊疑问句3. 注意动词用法：finish doing spend time doing plan to do decide to do want to do hope to do go fishing go shopping go sightseeing go hiking go camping Unit4 How do you get to school?重点词汇：动词：take搭乘（某种交通工具）；花费（时间） walk步行；散步 drive开（车） fly飞；乘飞机shower沐浴 depend依赖 worry担心名词：subway地铁 train火车 bicycle自行车 boat船 car小汽车 station车站 stop车站 thing事情minute分钟 kilometer千米 mile英里 transportation公共交通；运输 part地区 river江；河means方法；工具 town城镇数词：forty四十 fifty五十 sixty六十 seventy七十 eighty八十 ninety九十 hundred一百形容词：far遥远的 quick迅速的 early早的 north北方的 other其他的 more更多的 ill生病的介词：by表示交通、传递等的方式 连词：than（用于形容词、副词的比较级之后）比情态动词：must（表示推测）一定 副词：so这么；那么 much十分；非常 more（比）更重点短语：by bus乘坐公共汽车 by boat乘船 on the school bus乘坐校车 ride a bike骑自行车take the train坐火车 take the bus坐公共汽车 means of transportation交通方式 how far多远North America北美洲 have a quick breakfast匆匆忙忙吃早餐 leave for动身前往go to school去上学 go home回家 look at朝看 depend on视而定；决定于more than多于；超过 so much非常 in other parts of the world在世界上的其它地方in big cities在大城市 be different from与不同 the most popular最流行的a small/large number of很少/很多重点句型：1. How do you get to school? 你是怎么到学校的？ I walk/ride my bike/take the subway. 我是走路/骑自行车/坐地铁来的。2. How does he get to school? 他是怎么到学校的？ He takes the train.他是坐火车来的。3. How long does it take you to get from home to school? 你从家到学校要花多少时间？ It takes 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus. 走路25分钟，坐公共汽车10分钟。4. How far is it from his home to school? 他家离学校有多远？ Its three miles. 有三英里。5. First, he rides his bicycle to the bus station. 首先，他骑自行车到公共汽车站。6. Then the early bus takes him to school. 然后早班车把他送到学校。7. The bus ride usually takes about 25 minutes. 坐公共汽车通常要花25分钟。8. In China, it depends on where you are. 在中国，这取决于你在哪里。9. In places where there are rivers and lakes, students usually go to school by boat. 在有江河和湖的地方，学生通常坐船去上学。10. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus! 那一定比坐公共汽车有趣得多！11. In North America, not all students take the bus to school. 在北美，不是所有的学生都坐公共汽车上学的。12. In Japan, the three most popular ways of getting to school are bus, train and bike. 在日本，最常用的三种上学方式是公共汽车、火车和自行车。13. How far do you live from school? 你家离学校有多远？ I live ten miles from school. 我家离学校有10英里。14. I need to see my friend. 我要见我的朋友。15. Dont worry. 别担心。16. If you have a problem, you can call me. 如果你有问题，就打电话给我。17. Thank you so much. 非常感谢。掌握：1. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人某些时间。2.交通方式表达法：take the train(subway, bus, car, plane, taxi, boat) = goby train(subway, bus, car, plane, taxi, boat); ride a bike = go by bike; drive a car = go by car; fly = go by plane;walk = go on foot by bus = on a bus; by car = in a carUnit5 重点单词、词组、句子重点单词：名词：lesson课；课程 concert 音乐会calendar日历；日程表 tomorrow 明天；明日weekday非周末休息日；工作日 invitation邀请；邀请书 training 训练；锻炼；培训chemistry 化学project（学校的）课题；作业；项目 match 比赛；竞赛形容词：another又一的；再一的 American美国的；美洲的 whole整个的；全部的；完整的 free空闲的；有空的 副词：over从一边至另一边代词：whom （who的宾格）谁；什么人 连词：till直到之时；在之前重点词组：study for a test准备考试 go to the doctor 去看医生have a piano lesson 上钢琴课help my parents帮助父母 visit my aunt 拜访我的阿姨go to the party去参加晚会 go to my guitar lesson去上吉他课 go to the movies去看电影 another time下一次 baseball game棒球比赛 go to the concert去听音乐会 the day after tomorrow后天 the day before yesterday前天 come over顺便来访 babysit his sister临时照顾他的妹妹 tennis training网球训练 keep quiet保持安静重点句型：1.-Jenny, can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?-Sure, Id love to. /Im sorry, I cant. I have to help my parents. -Jenny, 你周六下午能来参加我的生日晚会吗？ -可以。我很乐意。/对不起，我没有办法。我得帮助我的父母亲。 2.I have too much homework to do this weekend. 这个周末我有太多的作业要做。3.Thank for your invitation. 谢谢你的邀请。4.Im going to the movies with my friends on Friday evening 周五晚上，我要和几个朋友去看电影。5.Im free till 10:00pm. 到10点我一直有空。6.-Can they go to the concert? - No. They are playing soccer.-他们能去听音乐会吗？ -不。他们要去踢足球。7.Im really busy this week.这个星期我真的很忙。8Please keep quiet. Im trying to study.请保持安静，我在努力地学习。9.Im going fishing with grandpa the whole day on Wednesday.星期三一整天我和爷爷去钓鱼。10.- Whats today? - Its Monday the 14th . -今天是什么日子？ -今天是14号星期一11.-What day ii it today? - Its Monday. -今天是星期几？ -今天是星期一。12.-Whats the date today? - Its November 3rd.-今天是几月几号？- 今天是十一月三号。13. I have to study for a chemistry test on Thursday. 星期四我得准备化学考试。小知识：1.表示邀请的几种方法：a. Can you (come to my party)?b. Would you like to (come to my party)? c. How/What about (coming to my party)? d. Why not (come to my party)?2.another/other/the othera. another指的是三个或三个以上中的任何一个或同类中的另一个。例如I dont like this pen. Please show me another one. b. other表示泛指，意为“另外的，其他的”。例如I study Chinese English and other subjects in school. c. the other可指（两者中的）另一个或（除前面提到的以外的）全部其余的。例如：One shoe is here, the other is there. Or wang Hua is cleaning the windows, and the other students (the others) are sweeping the floor.3. all/whole 两者都可表示“全部的；所有的”但用法各异。1）all通常位于定冠词、指示代词、物主代词等之前，whole通常位于冠词、指示代词、物主代词等之后。例如：all the year全年 the whole family 全家人2）all与单数名词连用时，表示“整个的；全部的”，与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的”。而whole大多与单数名词连用，一般与物质名词连用，表示“整个的”。例如：a) I must stay in bed all day because I am ill. b) He spent the whole day doing the homework.八上第六单元重难点形容词：adj. calm：(心情) 镇静的，无忧虑的； wild：卤莽的， 轻率的；Athletic: 体格健美的， 体格强健的； outgoing:友好的，外向的；twin: 孪生的，双胞胎的；serious:严肃的，庄重的；opposite：对立的，相反的；necessary: 必须的，必需的；primary; 小学的，初级的；副词：adv：more(比.) 更，更多的，更大的(构成多音节形容词和副词的比较级)as: 以.的方式，如同那样 however: 然而名词：n. schoolwork： 学业，功课；interest；兴趣，爱好；view： 观点，想法，态度；note: 注释，说明；view: 观点，看法；friendship: 友谊，友情；information: 消息，信息；physics: 物理，物理学；way: 某个方面；连词：conj. Than：比；though： 虽然，既然，纵然； 代词：pron.both：二者，两者都 hers: 她的，属于她的；动词：v.laugh：笑，发笑；make:促使，迫使； beat: 打胜，打败； care: 对在意，对计较相关短语：be good at 擅长，善于,在.做得好； twin sister(s)双胞胎姐妹more than 多于，超过; look the same 看上去一样; look different 看上去不同; enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事;as.as.和.一样;lots of=a lot of 许多, 大量的 the same as 和.相同; a little一点儿(修饰比较级,表示 更.一点儿 ); as you can see正如你看到的 mak