高中英语语法冠词.doc

专题一、冠词高频考点命题突破（一） 单一考点单一考点1 普通名词前使用冠词的类指用法在“a/an+单数名词”“the+单数名词”“零冠词+复数名词、不可数名词”中，所用冠词都可表类指，但也有细微区别：1）“the+单数名词”指的是整个类别，这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的。 The car goes faster than the bike.例1 The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a2) “a/an+单数名词”侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。 A tiger is a type of very large fierce wild cat that has yellow fur with black bands across.3) “零冠词+复数名词、不可数名词”侧重指类别中的许多个体 Farmers are busy in autumn.4) 在使用冠词时要根据所要表达内容的具体情况而定。 The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.(不能说：A tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.因为濒临灭绝的是整个虎类，而不是任何一只虎面临灭绝的危险。) “the+形容词或分词”有时也可表类指。 the wounded 伤员 the dying 垂死的人 the unknown 未知的事物 the deaf 聋子 the young年轻人 the old 老人 the living 生者 the dead 死者 民族词汇前的冠词类指用法是在复数民族词汇前加the The Chinese are hard-working. 有些民族词汇有两种复数形式，如：English, Englishmen; French, Frenchmen等。在这种情况下，the English表类指，the Englishmen既可表类指，又可表专指。The French/Frenchmen are romantic.The Frenchmen are playing tennis now.单一考点2 不定冠词的基本用法 不定冠词有a, an两种形式，当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为辅音音素（注意：不是辅音字母）时用a; 当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为元音音素（注意：不是元音字母）时用an。如：a box, an X-ray, an honor等。 不定冠词表示one, the same, a certain或every的意思。They are of an age.(=the same)I will return in a day or two.(=one or two days)例2 Cui Jianping, who gave his life to save a girl in America ten years ago, was _ honor to our school. A memorial is held here every year in _ honor of him.A. an; the B. an; / C. the; the D. /,/ 有些不可数名词如knowledge, collection, understanding等是由其动词转化而来的，它们后面加of时，前面需用不定冠词a/an.单一考点3 定冠词的基本用法用在姓氏复数前，表夫妇两人或一家人。The Greens are at table.The Chens are going to move to Nanjing.例3 Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please?-Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village.A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /用在年代、朝代名词及逢十的数词（表某个年代）前。the Tang Dynasty; the Spring and Autumn Period; in the 1990s用在表量度单位的名词前，表示“每一”。I have hired the car by the hour.Eggs are sold by the dozen.句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中的the不可用物主代词代替。如：take sb. by the arm抓某人的胳膊，hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸。此外，在be red in the face（脸红），be lame in the right leg（右腿跛），be blind in the eye(眼盲)等结构中，名词前也要用the.单一考点4 零冠词的基本用法不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。Students went to the doctor for advice about their health.例4 Its well-known that _ year 2006 saw many developments in _ science and technology with those in the field of space science being particularly notable.A. /; / B. the; / C. the; the D. /; the牢记以下一般用零冠词的情况：歌诀巧记：月、季、星期、节假、洲、称呼、头衔、职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。但这些用法是相对而言的，在不同的句子中，可能会用到不定冠词或定冠词。因此，用哪种冠词要视情况而定。_ is the harvest season. 秋季是收获的季节。The organization was founded in _ of the year 2010. 这个组织是在2010年春天成立的。系动词turn（变成）后的单数名词作表语，用零冠词。Has he turned scientist?“零冠词+单数名词+as/though+主语+谓语，主句”，意为“虽然、尽管，但是”。Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.man意为“人类”，word意为“消息”时，用零冠词。Man is the master of nature.在独立主格结构的某一形式中用零冠词。The teacher came in, book in hand.(=with a book in his hand/holding a book in his hand/a book held in his hand)举一反三1. As is known to us all, _ panda is in _ danger of becoming extinct.A. the; a B. the; / C. a; / D. /; the2. He spent too much time talking on _ phone while we were all busy at _ work. A. the; / B. a; / C. /;/ D. the; the3. As _ unemployment is very high at the moment, its very difficult for people to find _ work. A. the; / B. /; / C. the; a D. an; the4. Apartments in cities can be very high. Renters are paying up to $1,000 per month for _-bedroom apartment. A. one a B. the one C. one D. a one5. The education of _ young is always _ hot and serious topic. A. /; / B. the; a C. /; the D. the; ./(二)综合考点综合考点5 冠词的特殊位置不定冠词的特殊位置1） 不定冠词通常置于修饰名词的形容词前，但要放在so, as, too, how, however等副词修饰的形容词的后面。so/as/too/how/however+adj.+a/an+单数名词。It is so good a film that we all want to see it again.However clever a student he is, he should follow the teachers instructions now.2) such和what作定语修饰名词时，不定冠词也应放在其后。 He is such a kind man.3)当名词前的比较级被no, all, far, much等修饰时，不定冠词也要后置。 He is no more a lord than I.4）quite和rather修饰可数名词单数时，a/an可放在quite/rather之后，也可放在quite/rather之前。 He came after a rather/rather a long time.(注意) quite只修饰名词时，冠词只能置于quite后。 quite/rather a few, quite/rather a little等短语中，由于a few, a little是固定短语，故不可拆开变成a quite/rather few, a quite/rather little.5) 定冠词的特殊位置：在名词词组中，定冠词一般放在最前面，但名词词组中如果有exactly, just, half, double, twice, all, both, of等修饰时，定冠词要放在这些词后面。如：exactly the same color完全相同的颜色，just the right place就是这个地方，half the story故事的一半，double the amount双倍的数量例5 The whale is _ biggest animal in the world, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building.A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a综合考点6 习惯用语与不定冠词连用的习语：have a cold; have a good/happy time; have a gift for; have a word with; in a hurry; once in a while; at a loss; for a while; once upon a time; all of a sudden; with a score of; at a distance; have a population of; a waste of; a matter of; have/take a rest; have a holiday; get a lift/ride; go on a diet等。This picture looks beautiful at a distance.例6 I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan.A. the; a B. /; the C. the; / D. a; the与定冠词连用的习语：make the most/best of; in the daytime; in the end; in the habit of; not in the least(=not at all); in the distance; in the way; on the whole; on the right/left; on the one hand, on the other hand; at the same time; all the moment; go to the cinema/theatre; go to the doctors; the other day; for the time being; on the radio/phone; on the spot; to tell the truth; by the way; to the public等例7 Lets go to _ cinemathatll take your mind off the problem for _ while.A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a 不用冠词的固定习语：at noon/dawn/daybreak/dusk/night/midnight; on second thoughts; no such boy; come to light; come to power=(take office); give birth to; come/rank first; out of work/order/control/date/patience/question; in debt等。例8 There are over 58,000 rocky objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. a; the综合考点7 冠词的活用抽象名词具体化时， 被具体化的名词可能会与a/an连用。a surprisea pleasurea success/failurea concern例9 How about _ Christmas evening party?-I should say it was _ success.A. a; a B. the; a C. a; / D. the; /形容词比较级前用定冠词表示“两者当中较的”，而形容词比较级前用不定冠词，表示“再、更”。most前用定冠词表示“三者或三者以上中最的”，most前用不定冠词，并无比较含义，而是相当于very.Its a very useful book.例10 Of all _ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my fathers advice was _ most important one.A. the; a B. /;a C. /; the D. the; the”the+序数词”表排序，“a/an+序数词”不表示 排序，而表“又一、再一”Can you give me a second chance?例11 First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression.A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词，前面一般加定冠词，但如果此类名词有修饰成分，也可加a/an. 如：the moon 月球； a full moon 一轮满月 牢记高考中常见的纯不可数名词，它们是：weather, fun, space(太空)， advice, word(=news), progress, information, news, 以上不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用。Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.乐器名称前往往用定冠词，但是当此类名词用作普通名词时，可以与不定冠词连用play the pianoplay a borrowed piano专有名词前冠词的用法也比较复杂，但一般情况下，不含普通名词的纯专有名词前不用冠词，如：Beijing, New York等。但是：1） 在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾、运河前用the.the Changjiang River the Hudson River the West Lake2） 在普通名词前构成的专有名词前用the.the Great Wall the Summer Palace例12 According to _ World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent _ spread of AIDS.A. the; the B. the; / C. a; a D. /; the3）有一些地名，如果是以纯专有名词开头的，一般不用冠词，大前年如果是以普通名词开头的，一般用定冠词。如：Beijing University，也可以说the University of Beijing.有无冠词的区别11go to school go to the schoolgo to churchgo to the churchgo to bed go to the bedbe in hospitalbe in the hospitalbe in prisonbe in the prisonbe in front ofbe in the front ofsit at tablesit at the tableby dayby the daytake placetake the place ofin possession ofin the possession ofin charge ofin the charge ofin futurein the futurein officein the officein classin the classin storein the storeout of questionout of the question举一反三1. Since tasting the excitement of _ city life, she never wants to live in _ country again.A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the2. The operation is _ success and the patient is now out of _ .A. a; the B. a; / C. /; the D. /; /3. As _ writer, he was _ complete failure. A. a; a B. a; the C. /; / D. a; /4. How strange! These years my birthday always falls _ . A. on the Sunday B. on a Sunday C. on Sunday D. at a Sunday5. This is _ best kind of _ pen you can get here. A. the; the B. the; a C. the; / D. a; the表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词，特殊情况下可用冠词。例13 Do you know _ English for “帅哥”?-Im afraid I dont. Im not interested in _ English language.A. the; the B. the; / C. /; the D. /; /1) 当语言名词表特指意义，其前可用定冠词。The English spoken in America and Canada is a little different from that spoken in England.2)当语言名词表示某一语言中的对应词时， 其前要用定冠词。Whats the English for this?3)当在语言名词后加上language 一词时，也要用冠词。There have been many changes in the history of the English language.例14 I couldnt remember the exact date of the storm, but I knew it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church.A. a; the B. a; / C. /; a D. /; /举一反三1. Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today.A. the; an B. a; / C. the; the D. /; the2. The cakes are delicious. Id like to have _ third one as _ second one I ate was too small.A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D. a; a3. _ England of those years was _ England in peace.A. /;/ B. The; an C. The; / D. /; an4. Did you happen to see _ black an _ white cat? -Are they missing? I told you to take care of them. A. a;/ B. the; / C. the; the D. a; the5. My friend Mary is _ beautiful and _ girl everyone likes to works with. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the6. _ is his favorite subject, but he doesnt know _ for “工作”. A. English; English B. The English; the English C. English; the English D. The English;English hair（头发)和beard（胡须）性质和用法不同例15 Which person do you refer to, the one with _ long hair or the one with _ long beard?A. a; a B. /;/ C. a; / D. /;a解析精彩好题1. (2011. 浙江) Experts think that _ recently discovered painting may be _ a Picasso.A. the; / B. a; the C. a; / D. the; a2. (2011.盐城二检) I couldnt remember the exact date of the storm, but I knew it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church.A. a; the B. a; / C. /; a D. /; /3. (2010.四川)In _ most countries, a university degree can give you _ flying start in life.A. the; a B. the;/ C. /; / D. /; a4. (2010.辽宁) There are over 58,000 rocky objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.A. the; the B. /; the C. the;/ D. a; the5. (2010.天津联考) _ strong and powerful China will certainly benefit _ whole world.A. A; a B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the6. (2010.海南五校联考) We have every reason to believe that _ 2010 World Expo in Shanghai will be _ success.A. /; a B. the; / C. the; a D. a; a7. (2010.安徽教学质量检测) To tell _ truth, his coming is really _ big surprise to most people present at the party.A. /; a B. the; / C. the; a D. /; /8. (2010.山东聊城二模) Confucius Temple, _ world cultural heritage, is about 65 kilometres _ south of Mount Tai. A. the; the B. a; the C. the; / D. a; /9. (2010.吉林质量检测) I knew _ John Lennon, but not _ famous one.A. /; a B. a; the C. /; the D. the; a10. (2009. 全国I) Lets go to _ cinemathatll take your mind off the problem for _ while. A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a2012高考冠词题1.（全国大纲卷）He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump. A. the; the B. /; a C. the; a D. a; /2.(江西)The Smiths dont usually like staying at _ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.A. /; a B. the; the C. /; the D. the; a3.(安徽) Carl is studying _ food science at college and hopes to open up _ meat processing factory of his own one day.A. /;a B. /; the C. the; a D. the; the4.(四川) We are said to be living in _ Information Age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes.A. an; the B. /; the C. /; a D. the; a5.(山东)Being able to afford _drink would be _ comfort in those tough times.A. the; the B. a; a C. a; / D. /; a6.(辽宁) I woke up with _ bad headache, yet by _ evening the pain had gone/A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an7.(重庆) Sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George.A. /; / B. the; / C. the; the D. /; the8.(浙江) The department of industry has been _ gradual process throughout _ human existence from stone tools to modern technology.A. /; the B. the; a C. a; / D. a; a2011高考冠词题1.(全国I) It is generally accepted that _ boy must learn to stand up and fight like _ man.A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; /2.(全国II) As he reached _ front door, Jack saw _ strange sight.A. the; / B. a; the C. /; a D. the; a3. (山东)Take your timeits just _ short distance form here to _ restaurant.A. /; the B. a; the C. the; a D. /; a4.(江西) Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 _ year.-Right, he will also get paid by _ week.A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D. a; a5. (陕西)As is known to all, _ Peoples Republic of China is _ biggest developing country in the world.A. the; / B. /; the C. the; the D. /; /6.(浙江) Experts think that _ recently discovered painting may be _ Picasso.A. the;/ B. a; the C. a; / D. the; a7.(重庆) In communication, a smile is usually _ strong sign of a friendly and _open attitude.A. the; / B. a; an C. a; / D. the; an8. (四川)_Dr. Peter Spence, _ headmaster of the school, told us, “_ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”A. /; A B. /; The C. the; The D. a; A2010高考冠词题1.（山东） If we sit near_ front of the bus, well have _ better view.A. /; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the2. (北京) First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression.A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a3.(江苏) The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _ people from all walks of life are working hard for _ new Jiangsu.A. /; a B. /; the C. the; a D. the; the4.(福建) Its _ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them _ pleasure.A. /; a B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the5. (四川) In _ most countries, a university degree can give you _ flying start in life.A. the; a B the; / C. /; / D. /; a2009高考冠词题1. （安徽） We can never expect _ bluer sky unless we create _ less polluted world.A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the2. (辽宁) This area experienced _ heaviest rainfall in _ month of May.A. /; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; the3. (四川) In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language.A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the 4. (江西) Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world.A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a5.(陕西) What _ pity that you couldnt be there to receive _ prize.A. a; a B. the; a C.a; the D. the; the6. (重庆) Washing machines made by China have won _ worldwide attention and Haier has become _popular name.A. a; the B. /;a C. /; the D. the; a2008高考冠词题1. （山东）Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource.A. /; a B. /; the C. the; the D. the; a2.(江苏) We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent.A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /3.(江西) Im sorry to have come late for the meeting.-Its not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a4. Have you heard _news? The price of _ petrol is going up again.A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /5.I ate _ sandwich while I was waiting for _20;08 train.A. the; a B. the; the C. a; the D. a; a 5. I looked under _ bed and found _ book I lost last week.A. the;